Evaluating the effect of processing conditions and organoclay content on the properties of styrene-butadiene rubber/organoclay nanocomposites by response surface methodology

Express Polymer Letters

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 62-70

  Ghasemi, I ^a   Karrabi, M ^a   Mohammadi, M ^a   Azizi, H ^a  

^a IRAN POLYMER AND PETROCHEMICAL INSTITUTE   (Iran)

Author keywords

Mooney viscosity; Nanocomposites; Response surface methodology; SBR; Tensile properties

Indexed keywords

EID: 74349116835     PISSN: 1788618X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2010.11     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Tjong S. C.: Structural and mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. Materials Science and Engineering Report, 73, 53-64 (2006). DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2006.06.001
2. Pegoretti A., Dorigato A., Penati A.: Tensile mechanical response of polyethylene-clay nanocomposites. Express Polymer Letters, 1, 123-132 (2007). DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2007.21
3. Arroyo M., López-Manchado M. A., Valentín J. L. Carretero J.: Morphology/behaviour relationship of nanocomposites based on natural rubber/epoxidized natural rubber blends. Composites Science and Technology, 67, 1330-1347 (2007). DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.09.019
4. Hussain F., Hojjati M., Okamoto M., Gorga R. E.: Review article: Polymer-matrix nanocomposites, processing, manufacturing, and application: An overview. Journal of Composite Material, 17, 40-53 (2006). DOI: 10.1177/0021998306067321
5. Demirkol E. A., Kalyon D. M.: Batch and continuous processing of polymer layered organoclay nanocomposites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 104, 1391-1402 (2007). DOI: 10.1002/app.24362
6. Homminga D., Goderis B., Hoffman H., Reynaers H., Groeninckx G.: Influence of shear flow on the preparation of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites. Polymer, 46, 9941-9957 (2005). DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.07.059
7. Borse K. N., Kamal M. R.: Melt processing effects on the structure and mechanical properties of PA-6/clay nanocomposites. Polymer Engineering and Science, 46, 1094-1108 (2006). DOI: 10.1002/pen.20578
8. Zhu L., Xanthos M.: Effects of process conditions and mixing protocols on structure of extruded polypropylene nanocomposites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 93, 1891-1899 (2004). DOI: 10.1002/app.20658
9. Karger-Kocsis J., Wu C-M.: Thermoset rubber/layered silicate nanocomposites. Status and future trends. Polymer Engineering and Science, 44, 1083-1093 (2004). DOI: 10.1002/pen.20101
10. Sengupta R., Chakraborty S., Bandyopadhyay S., Dasgupta S., Mukhopadhyay R., Auddy K., Deuri A. S.: A short review on rubber/clay nanocomposites with emphasis on mechanical properties. Polymer Engineering and Science, 47, 1956-1974 (2005). DOI: 10.1002/pen.20921
11. Varghese S., Karger-Kocsis J., Gatos K. G.: Melt compounded epoxidized natural rubber/layered silicate nanocomposites: Structure-properties relationships. Polymer, 44, 3977-3983 (2003). DOI: 10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00358-6
12. Varghese S., Karger-Kocsis J.: Melt-compounded natural rubber nanocomposites with pristine and organophilic layered silicates of natural and synthetic origin. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91, 813-819 (2004). DOI: 10.1002/app.13173
13. Mousa A., Karger-Kocsis J.: Rheological and thermodynamical behavior of styrene/butadiene rubberorganoclay nanocomposite. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 286, 260-266 (2004). DOI: 10.1002/1439-2054(20010401)286:4<260::AIDMAME260>3.0.CO;2-X
14. Das A., Jurk R., Stöckelhuber K. W., Heinrich G.: Effect of vulcanization ingredients on the intercalation-exfoliation process of layered silicate in an acrylonitrile butadiene rubber matrix. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 293, 479-490 (2004). DOI: 10.1002/mame.200700375
15. Wu Y-P., Ma Y., Wang Y-Q., Zhong L-Q.: Effects of characteristics of rubber, mixing and vulcanization on the structure and properties of rubber/clay nanocomposites by melt blending. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 28, 890-894 (2004). DOI: 10.1002/mame.200400085
16. Gatos K. G., Thomann R., Karger-Kocsis J.: Characteristics of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber/organoclay nanocomposites resulting from different processing conditions and formulations. Polymer International, 53, 1191-1197 (2004). DOI: 10.1002/pi.1556
17. Chow W. S., Yap Y. P.: Optimization of process variables on flexural properties of epoxy/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposite by response surface methodology. Express Polymer Letters, 2, 2-11 (2008). DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2008.2
18. Montgomery D. C. M.: Design and analysis of experiments. Wiley, New York (2001).
19. Kukrejaa T. R., Kumar D., Prasad K., Chauhan R. C., Choe S., Kundu P. P.: Optimisation of physical and mechanical properties of rubber compounds by response surface methodology - Two component modelling using vegetable oil and carbon black. European Polymer Journal, 38, 1417-1422 (2002). DOI: 10.1016/S0014-3057(02)00005-8
20. Song M., Wong C. W., Jin J., Ansarifar A., Zhang Z. Y., Richardson M.: Preparation and characterization of poly (styrene-co-butadiene) and polybutadiene rubber/clay nanocomposites. Polymer International, 54, 560-568 (2005). DOI: 10.1002/pi.1732
21. Jia Q-X., Wu Y-P., Wang Y-Q., Lu M., Zhang L-Q.: Enhanced interfacial interaction of rubber/clay nanocomposites a novel two-step method. Composites Science and Technology, 68, 1050-1056 (2008). DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.07.006
22. Sadhu S., Bhowmick A. K.: Preparation and properties of styrene-butadiene rubber based nanocomposites: The influence of the structural and processing parameters. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 92, 698-709 (2004). DOI: 10.1002/app.13673
23. Vaia R. A., Giannelis E. P.: Lattice model of polymer melt intercalation in organically-modified layered silicates. Macromolecules, 30, 7990-7999 (1997). DOI: 10.1021/ma9514333
24. Vaia R. A., Giannelis E. P.: Polymer melt intercalation in organically-modified layered silicates: Model predictions and experiment. Macromolecules, 30, 8000-8009 (1997). DOI: 10.1021/ma9603488
25. Sadhu S., Bhomick A. K.: Morphology study of rubber based nanocomposites by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Journal of Materials Science, 40, 1633-1642 (2005). DOI: 10.1007/s10853-005-0663-2
26. Lee S-I., Hahn Y. B., Nahm K. S., Lee Y-S.: Synthesis of polyether-based polyurethane-silica nanocomposites with high elongation property. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 16, 328-331 (2005). DOI: 10.1002/pat.548
27. Pramanik M., Srivastava S. K., Samantaray B. K., Bhowmick A. K.: Synthesis and characterization of organosoluble thermoplastic elastomer/clay nanocomposites. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 40, 2065-2072 (2002). DOI: 10.1002/polb.10266
28. López-Manchado M. A., Herrero B., Arroyo M.: Preparation and characterization of organoclay nanocomposites based on natural rubber. Polymer International, 52, 1070-1077 (2003). DOI: 10.1002/pi.1161
29. Finnigan B., Martin D., Halley P., Truss R., Campbell K.: Morphology and properties of thermoplastic polyurethane composites incorporating hydrophobic layered silicates. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 97, 300-309 (2005). DOI: 10.1002/app.21718
30. Wang S., Peng Z., Zhang Y., Zhang Y.: Structure and properties of BR nanocomposites reinforced with organoclay. Polymer and Polymer Composites, 13, 371-384 (2005).
31. Arroyo M., López-Manchado M. A., Herrero B.: Organo-monmorillonite as substitute of carbon black in natural rubber compounds. Polymer, 44, 2447-2453 (2003). DOI: 10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00090-9
32. Cataldo F.: Preparation and properties of nanostructured rubber composites with montmorillonite. Macromolecular Symposia, 247, 67-77 (2007). DOI: 10.1002/masy.200750109
33. Teh P. L., Mohd Ishak Z. A., Hashim A. S., Karger-Kocsis J., Ishiaku U. S.: On the potential of organoclay with respect to conventional fillers (carbon black, silica) for epoxidized natural rubber compatibilized natural rubber vulcanizates. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 94, 2438-2445 (2004). DOI: 10.1002/app.21188