Is age a key determinant of mortality and neurological outcome after acute traumatic spinal cord injury?

Neurobiology of Aging

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 434-446

  Furlan, Julio C ^a,b   Bracken, Michael B ^c   Fehlings, Michael G ^a,b,d  

^a UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK   (Canada)

^b TORONTO WESTERN HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^c YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Aging; Axonal degeneration; Mortality; Motor recovery; Sensory recovery; Spinal cord injury

Indexed keywords

METHYLPREDNISOLONE; NALOXONE; PLACEBO;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; AUTONOMIC NERVE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; MOTOR NERVE; MYELINATED NERVE; NERVE DEGENERATION; NERVE FIBER; NEUROANATOMY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SENSORY NERVE; SPINAL CORD INJURY; SURVIVOR; WHITE MATTER;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COHORT STUDIES; DATABASES AS TOPIC; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION; SPINAL CORD; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; TRAUMA, NERVOUS SYSTEM; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 74149091164     PISSN: 01974580     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.05.003     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Benedict R.C., and Ganikos M.L. Coming to terms with ageism in rehabilitation. J. Rehabil. 47 (1981) 10-18
2. Bergman E., and Ulfhake B. Evidence for loss of myelinated input to the spinal cord in senescent rats. Neurobiol. Aging 23 (2002) 271-286
3. Bracken M.B., Hildreth N., Freeman Jr. D.H., and Webb S.B. Relationship between neurological and functional status after acute spinal cord injury: an epidemiological study. J. Chronic Dis. 33 (1980) 115-125
4. Bracken M.B., Shepard M.J., Collins W.F., Holford T.R., Young W., Baskin D.S., Eisenberg H.M., Flamm E., Leo-Summers L., Maroon J., Marshall L.F., Perot Jr. P.L., Piepmeier J., Sonntag V.K., Wagner F.C., Wilberger J.E., and Winn H.R. A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal-cord injury. Results of the Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. N. Engl. J. Med. 322 (1990) 1405-1411
5. Bracken M.B., Shepard M.J., Collins Jr. W.F., Holford T.R., Baskin D.S., Eisenberg H.M., Flamm E., Leo-Summers L., Maroon J.C., Marshall L.F., Nockels R.P., Pascale V., Perot Jr. P.L., Piepmeier J., Sonntag V.K., Wagner F., Wilberger J.E., Winn H.R., and Young W. Methylprednisolone or naloxone treatment after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow-up data. Results of the second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. J. Neurosurg. 76 (1992) 23-31
6. Chaovipoch P., Jelks K.A., Gerhold L.M., West E.J., Chongthammakun S., and Floyd C.L. 17beta-estradiol is protective in spinal cord injury in post- and pre-menopausal rats. J. Neurotrauma 23 (2006) 830-852
7. Cifu D., Seel R., Kreutzer J., Martwitz J., McKinley W., and Wisor D. Age, outcome, and rehabilitation costs after tetraplegia spinal cord injury. NeuroRehabilitation 12 (1999) 177-185
8. Cifu D.X., Huang M.E., Kolakowsky-Hayner S.A., and Seel R.T. Age, outcome, and rehabilitation costs after paraplegia caused by traumatic injury of the thoracic spinal cord, conus medullaris, and cauda equina. J. Neurotrauma 16 (1999) 805-815
9. Cifu D.X., Seel R.T., Kreutzer J.S., and McKinley W.O. A multicenter investigation of age-related differences in lengths of stay, hospitalization charges, and outcomes for a matched tetraplegia sample. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 80 (1999) 733-740
10. Cowen T., Woodhoo A., Sullivan C.D., Jolly R., Crutcher K.A., Wyatt S., Michael G.J., Orike N., Gatzinsky K., and Thrasivoulou C. Reduced age-related plasticity of neurotrophin receptor expression in selected sympathetic neurons of the rat. Aging Cell 2 (2003) 59-69
11. Dai L.Y. Acute central cervical cord injury: the effect of age upon prognosis. Injury 32 (2001) 195-199
12. DeVivo M.J., Krause J.S., and Lammertse D.P. Recent trends in mortality and causes of death among persons with spinal cord injury. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 80 (1999) 1411-1419
13. El Masry W.S., Tsubo M., Katoh S., El Miligui Y.H., and Khan A. Validation of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor score and the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (NASCIS) motor score. Spine 21 (1996) 614-619
14. Elder G.A., Friedrich Jr. V.L., Margita A., and Lazzarini R.A. Age-related atrophy of motor axons in mice deficient in the mid-sized neurofilament subunit. J. Cell Biol. 146 (1999) 181-192
15. Fehlings M.G., and Tator C.H. The relationships among the severity of spinal cord injury, residual neurological function, axon counts, and counts of retrogradely labeled neurons after experimental spinal cord injury. Exp. Neurol. 132 (1995) 220-228
16. Frolkis V.V., Tanin S.A., and Gorban Y.N. Age-related changes in axonal transport. Exp. Gerontol. 32 (1997) 441-450
17. Gerhart K.A., Koziol-McLain J., Lowenstein S.R., and Whiteneck G.G. Quality of life following spinal cord injury: knowledge and attitudes of emergency care providers. Ann. Emerg. Med. 23 (1994) 807-812
18. Gershkoff A.M., Cifu D.X., and Means K.M. Geriatric rehabilitation. 1. Social, attitudinal, and economic factors. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 74 (1993) S402-S405
19. Gwak Y.S., Hains B.C., Johnson K.M., and Hulsebosch C.E. Locomotor recovery and mechanical hyperalgesia following spinal cord injury depend on age at time of injury in rat. Neurosci. Lett. 362 (2004) 232-235
20. Haug H., Kuhl S., Mecke E., Sass N.L., and Wasner K. The significance of morphometric procedures in the investigation of age changes in cytoarchitectonic structures of human brain. J. Hirnforsch. 25 (1984) 353-374
21. Haug H. History of neuromorphometry. J. Neurosci. Methods 18 (1986) 1-17
22. Hesse K.A., Campion E.W., and Karamouz N. Attitudinal stumbling blocks to geriatric rehabilitation. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 32 (1984) 747-750
23. Irwin Z.N., Arthur M., Mullins R.J., and Hart R.A. Variations in injury patterns, treatment, and outcome for spinal fracture and paralysis in adult versus geriatric patients. Spine 29 (2004) 796-802
24. Jackson A.B., Dijkers M., Devivo M.J., and Poczatek R.B. A demographic profile of new traumatic spinal cord injuries: change and stability over 30 years. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 85 (2004) 1740-1748
25. Jackson A.P., Haak M.H., Khan N., and Meyer P.R. Cervical spine injuries in the elderly: acute postoperative mortality. Spine 30 (2005) 1524-1527
26. Kameyama T., Hashizume Y., Ando T., and Takahashi A. Morphometry of the normal cadaveric cervical spinal cord. Spine 19 (1994) 2077-2081
27. Kirshblum S., Millis S., McKinley W., and Tulsky D. Late neurologic recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 85 (2004) 1811-1817
28. Long J.M., Mouton P.R., Jucker M., and Ingram D.K. What counts in brain aging? Design-based stereological analysis of cell number. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 54 (1999) B407-B417
29. McDonald J.W., and Belegu V. Demyelination and remyelination after spinal cord injury. J. Neurotrauma 23 (2006) 345-359
30. McKinley W., Cifu D., Seel R., Huang M., Kreutzer J., Drake D., and Meade M. Age-related outcomes in persons with spinal cord injury: a summary paper. NeuroRehabilitation 18 (2003) 83-90
31. Medana I.M., and Esiri M.M. Axonal damage: a key predictor of outcome in human CNS diseases. Brain 126 (2003) 515-530
32. Noreau L., Proulx P., Gagnon L., Drolet M., and Laramee M.T. Secondary impairments after spinal cord injury: a population-based study. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 79 (2000) 526-535
33. O'Connor P.J. Survival after spinal cord injury in Australia. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 86 (2005) 37-47
34. O'Connor P.J. Trends in spinal cord injury. Accid. Anal. Prev. 38 (2006) 71-77
35. Pickett W., Simpson K., Walker J., and Brison R.J. Traumatic spinal cord injury in Ontario, Canada. J. Trauma 55 (2003) 1070-1076
36. Roth E.J., Lovell L., Heinemann A.W., Lee M.Y., and Yarkony G.M. The older adult with a spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 30 (1992) 520-526
37. Schmidt R.E. Age-related sympathetic ganglionic neuropathology: human pathology and animal models. Auton. Neurosci. 96 (2002) 63-72
38. Seel R.T., Huang M.E., Cifu D.X., Kolakowsky-Hayner S.A., and McKinley W.O. Age-related differences in length of stays, hospitalization costs, and outcomes for an injury-matched sample of adults with paraplegia. J. Spinal Cord Med. 24 (2001) 241-250
39. Spivak J.M., Weiss M.A., Cotler J.M., and Call M. Cervical spine injuries in patients 65 and older. Spine 19 (1994) 2302-2306
40. Strauss D.J., Devivo M.J., Paculdo D.R., and Shavelle R.M. Trends in life expectancy after spinal cord injury. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 87 (2006) 1079-1085
41. Tanaka Y. Morphological changes of the cervical spinal canal and cord due to aging. Nippon Seikeigeka Gakkai Zasshi 58 (1984) 873-886
42. Teasell R.W., Arnold J.M., Krassioukov A., and Delaney G.A. Cardiovascular consequences of loss of supraspinal control of the sympathetic nervous system after spinal cord injury. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 81 (2000) 506-516
43. Terao S., Sobue G., Hashizume Y., Shimada N., and Mitsuma T. Age-related changes of the myelinated fibers in the human corticospinal tract: a quantitative analysis. Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.) 88 (1994) 137-142
44. Waters R.L., Adkins R.H., Yakura J.S., and Sie I. Motor and sensory recovery following complete tetraplegia. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 74 (1993) 242-247
45. Wyndaele M., and Wyndaele J.J. Incidence, prevalence and epidemiology of spinal cord injury: what learns a worldwide literature survey?. Spinal Cord 44 (2006) 523-529
46. Zhou M., Goto N., Otsuka N., Moriyama H., and Nakamura Y. Morphometric analyses of axons in the lateral corticospinal tract with ageing process. Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn. 74 (1997) 133-138