Leptomeningeal metastasis

Current Opinion in Neurology

Volumn 22, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 665-674

  Chamberlain, Marc C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Intracerebrospinal fluid chemotherapy; Leptomeningeal metastases; Palliative therapy

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; CYTARABINE; ETOPOSIDE; FOLINIC ACID; METHOTREXATE; RITUXIMAB; THIOTEPA; TOPOTECAN; TRASTUZUMAB;

ALGORITHM; ASEPTIC MENINGITIS; BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BREAST CARCINOMA; CANCER PALLIATIVE THERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID CYTOLOGY; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFUSION; FEVER; HEADACHE; HUMAN; LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY; LYMPHOMA; MENINGISM; MENTAL HEALTH; MUCOSA INFLAMMATION; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NAUSEA; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROTOXICITY; NEUTROPENIA; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PAIN; PANCYTOPENIA; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHOTOPHOBIA; REVIEW; SENSORIMOTOR NEUROPATHY; SEPTICEMIA; SIDE EFFECT; SOLID TUMOR; SOMNOLENCE; SPINAL CORD DISEASE; TREATMENT PLANNING; VOMITING;

BRAIN; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MENINGEAL NEOPLASMS;

EID: 74049127174     PISSN: 13507540     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283322a92     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Jaeckle KA. Neoplastic meningitis from systemic malignancies: diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Semin Oncol 2006; 33:312-323.
2. Pace P, Fabi A. Chemotherapy in neoplastic meningitis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2006; 60:528-534.
3. Kaplan JG, DeSouza TG, Farkash A, et al. Leptomeningeal metastases: comparison of clinical features and laboratory data of solid tumors, lympho-mas and leukemias. J Neurooncol 1990; 9:225-229.
4. Siegal T, Lossos A, Pfeffer MR. Leptomeningeal metastases: analysis of 31 patients with sustained off-therapy response following combined-modality therapy. Neurology 1994; 44:1463-1469.
5. Blaney SM, Poplack DG. Neoplastic meningitis: diagnosis and treatment considerations. Med Oncol 2000; 17:151-162.
6. DeAngelis LM. Current diagnosis and treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis. J Neurooncol 1998; 38:245-252.
7. Glass JP, Melamed M, Chernik NL, et al. Malignant cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): the meaning of a positive CSF cytology. Neurology 1979; 29:1369-1375.
8. Wasserstrom WR, Glass JP, Posner JB. Diagnosis and treatment of lepto-meningeal metastases from solid tumors: experience with 90 patients. Cancer 1982; 49:759-772.
9. Little JR, Dale AJ, Okazaki H. Meningeal carcinomatosis. Clinical manifestations. Arch Neurol 1974; 30:138-143.
10. Rosen ST, Aisner J, Makuch RW, et al. Carcinomatous leptomeningitis in small cell lung cancer: a clinicopathologic review of the National Cancer Institute experience. Medicine (Baltimore) 1982; 61:45-53.
11. Amer MH, Al Sarraf M, Baker LH, et al. Malignant melanoma and central nervous system metastases: incidence, diagnosis, treatment and survival. Cancer 1978; 42:660-668.
12. Yap HY, Yap BS, Tashima CK, et al. Meningeal carcinomatosis in breast cancer. Cancer 1978; 42:283-286.
13. Van Oostenbrugge RJ, Twijnstra A. Presenting features and value of diagnostic proceduresin leptomeningeal metastases. Neurology 1999; 53:382-385.
14. Balm M, Hammack J. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis: presenting features and prognostic factors. Arch Neurol 1996; 53:626-632.
15. Sorensen SC, Eagan RT, Scott M. Meningeal carcinomatosis in patients with primary breast or lung cancer. Mayo Clin Proc 1984; 59:91-94.
16. Gonzalez-Vitale JC, Garcia-Bunuel R. Meningeal carcinomatosis. Cancer 1976; 37:2906-2911.
17. Gleissner B, Chamberlain MC. Clinical presentation and therapy of neoplas-tic meningitis. Lancet Neurol 2006; 5:443-452.
18. Boyle R, Thomas M, Adams JH. Diffuse involvement of the leptomeninges by tumour: a clinical and pathological study of 63 cases. Postgrad Med J 1980; 56:149-158.
19. Wolfgang G, Marcus D, Ulrike S. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis: clinical syndrome in different primaries. J Neurooncol 1998; 38:103-110.
20. Kolmel HW. Cytology of neoplastic meningosis. J Neurooncol 1998; 38: 121-125.
21. Rogers LR, Duchesneau PM, Nunez C, et al. Comparison of cisternal and lumbar CSF examination in leptomeningeal metastasis. Neurology 1992; 42:1239-1241.
22. Chamberlain MC, Kormanik PA, Glantz MJ. A comparison between ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid cytology in adult patients with lepto-meningeal metastases. Neuro-Oncol 2001; 3:42-45.
23. Glantz MJ, Cole BF, Glantz LK, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology in patients with cancer: minimizing false-negative results. Cancer 1998; 82:733-739.
24. Murray JJ, Greco FA, Wolff SN, et al. Neoplastic meningitis. Marked variations of cerebrospinal fluid composition in the absence of extradural block. Am J Med 1983; 75:289-294.
25. Wasserstrom WR, Schwartz MK, Fleisher M, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid biochemical markers in central nervous system tumors: a review. Ann Clin Lab Sci 1981; 11:239-251.
26. Klee GG, Tallman RD, Goellner JR, et al. Elevation of carcinoembryonic antigen in cerebrospinal fluid among patients with meningeal carcinomatosis. Mayo Clin Proc 1986; 61:9-13.
27. Twijnstra A, van Zanten AP, Hart AA, et al. Serial lumbar and ventricle cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase activities in patients with lepto-meningeal metastases from solid and haematological tumours. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987; 50:313-320.
28. Stockhammer G, Poewe W, Burgstaller S, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in CSF: a biological marker for carcinomatous meningitis. Neurology 2000; 54:1670-1676.
29. Chamberlain MC. Cytologically negative carcinomatous meningitis: usefulness of CSF biochemical markers. Neurology 1998; 50:1173-1175.
30. Groves MD, Hess KR, Puduvalli VK, etal. Biomarkers of disease: cerebrosp-inal fluid vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell derived factor (SDF)-1 levels in patients with neoplastic meningitis (NM) due to breast cancer, lung cancer and melanoma. J Neurooncol 2009; 94:229-234.
31. Van Zanten AP, Twijnstra A, Hart AA, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase activities in patients with central nervous system metastases. Clin Chim Acta 1986; 161:259-268.
32. Roy S, Josephson SA, Fridlyand J, etal. Protein biomarker identification in the CSF of patients with CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:96-105.
33. Garson JA, Coakham HB, Kemshead JT, et al. The role of monoclonal antibodies in brain tumour diagnosis and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology. J Neurooncol 1985; 3:165-171.
34. Hovestadt A, Henzen-Logmans SC, Vecht CJ. Immunohistochemical analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid for carcinomatous and lymphomatous leptomeningitis. Br J Cancer 1990; 62:653-654.
35. Boogerd W, Vroom TM, van Heerde P, et al. CSF cytology versus immu-nocytochemistry in meningeal carcinomatosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988; 51:142-145.
36. Cibas ES, Malkin MG, Posner JB, et al. Detection of DNA abnormalities by flow cytometry in cells from cerebrospinal fluid. Am J Clin Pathol 1987; 88:570-577.
37. QuijanoS, Lopez A, Sncho JM, etal. Identification of leptomeningeal disease in aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: improved sensitivity of flow cytometry. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:1462-1469.
38. Bromberg JEC, Breems DA, Kraan J, et al. CSF flow Cytometry greatly improves diagnostic accuracy in CNS hematologic malignancies. Neurology 2007; 66:1674-1679.
39. Hegde U, Filie A, Little RF, etal. High incidence of leptomeningela disease detected by flow cytometry in newly diagnosed aggressive B-cell lymphoma at risk for central nervous system involvement: the role of flow cytometry versus cytology. Blood 2005; 05:496-502.
40. Biesterfeld S, Bernhard B, Bamborschke S, et al. DNA single cell cytometry in lymphocytic pleocytosis of the cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1993; 86:428-432.
41. Van Oostenbrugge RJ, Hopman AH, Arends JW, et al. The value of interphase cytogenetics in cytology for the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases. Neurology 1998; 51:906-908.
42. Rhodes CH, Glantz MJ, Glantz L, et al. A comparison of polymerase chain reaction examination of cerebrospinal fluid and conventional cytology in the diagnosis of lymphomatous meningitis. Cancer 1996; 77:543-548.
43. Cheng TM, O'Neill BP, Scheithauer BW, etal. Chronic meningitis: the role of meningeal or cortical biopsy. Neurosurgery 1994; 34:590-595.
44. Chamberlain MC, Sandy AD, Press GA. Leptomeningeal metastasis: a comparison of gadolinium-enhanced MR and contrast-enhanced CT of the brain. Neurology 1990; 40 (3 Pt 1):435-438.
45. Schumacher M, Orszagh M. Imaging techniques in neoplastic meningiosis. J Neurooncol 1998; 38:111-120.
46. Sze G, Soletsky S, Bronen R, etal. MR imaging of the cranial meninges with emphasis on contrast enhancement and meningeal carcinomatosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989; 153:1039-1049. (Pubitemid 19269378)
47. Freilich RJ, Krol G, DeAngelis LM. Neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid cytology in the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis. Ann Neurol 1995; 38:51-57.
48. Chamberlain MC. Comparative spine imaging in leptomeningeal metastases. J Neurooncol 1995; 23:233-238.
49. Schuknecht B, Huber P, Buller B, et al. Spinal leptomeningeal neoplastic disease. Evaluation by MR, myelography and CT myelography. Eur Neurol 1992; 32:11-16.
50. Chamberlain MC. Radioisotope CSF flow studies in leptomeningeal metastases. J Neurooncol 1998; 38:135-140.
51. Glantz MJ, Hall WA, Cole BF, etal. Diagnosis, management, and survival of patients with leptomeningeal cancer based on cerebrospinal fluid-flow status. Cancer 1995; 75:2919-2931.
52. Grossman SA, Trump CL, Chen DCP, etal. Cerebrospinal flow abnormalities in patients with neoplastic meningitis. Am J Med 1982; 73:641-647.
53. Chamberlain MC, Kormanik PA. Prognostic significance of 111indium-DTPA CSF flow studies in leptomeningeal metastases. Neurology 1996; 46: 1674-1677.
54. Mason WP, Yeh SD, DeAngelis LM. 111Indium-diethylenetriamine pentaa-cetic acid cerebrospinal fluid flow studies predict distribution of intrathecally administered chemotherapy and outcome in patients with leptomeningeal metastases. Neurology 1998; 50:438-444.
55. Chamberlain MC, Corey-Bloom J. Leptomeningeal metastases: 111indium-DTPA CSF flow studies. Neurology 1991; 41:1765-1769.
56. Chamberlain MC, Kormanik P, Jaeckle KA, et al. 111Indium-diethylenetria- mine pentaacetic acid CSF flow studies predict distribution of intrathecally administered chemotherapy and outcome in patients with leptomeningeal metastases. Neurology 1999; 52:216-217.
57. Chamberlain MC, Johnston SK. Neoplastic meningitis: survival as a function of cerebrospinal fluid cytology. Cancer 2009; 115:1941-1946.
58. Chamberlain MC, Kormanik PA. Prognostic significance of coexistent bulky metastatic central nervous system disease in patients with leptomeningeal metastases. Arch Neurol 1997; 54:1364-1368.
59. Chamberlain MC. Neoplastic meningitis-related encephalopathy: prognostic significance. Neurology 2003; 60:A17-18.
60. Chamberlain MC, Johnston SK, Glantz MJ. Neoplastic meningitis-related prognostic significance of the Karnofsky performance status. Arch Neurol 2009; 66:74-78.
61. Chamberlain MC, Kormanik P. Carcinomatous meningitis secondary to nonsmall cell lung cancer: combined modality therapy. Arch Neurol 1998; 55:506-512.
62. Giannone L, Greco FA, Hainsworth JD. Combination intraventricular chemotherapy for meningeal neoplasia. J Clin Oncol 1986; 4:68-73.
63. Hitchins RN, Bell DR, Woods RL, et al. A prospective randomized trial of single-agent versus combination chemotherapy in meningeal carcinomatosis. J Clin Oncol 1987; 5:1655-1662.
64. Grossman SA, Finkelstein DM, Ruckdeschel JC, etal. Randomized prospective comparison of intraventricular methotrexate and thiotepa in patients with previously untreated neoplastic meningitis. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11:561-569.
65. Glantz MJ, Jaeckle KA, Chamberlain MC, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing intrathecal sustained-release cytarabine (DepoCyt) to intrathecal methotrexate in patients with neoplastic meningitis from solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 1999; 5:3394-3402.
66. Glantz MJ, LaFollette S, Jaeckle KA, et al. Randomized trial of a slow release versus a standard formulation of cytarabine for the intrathecal treatment of lymphomatous meningitis. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:3110-3116.
67. Jaeckle KA, Batchelor T, O'Day SJ, et al. An open trial of sustained-release cytarabine (Depocyt) for the intrathecal treatment of solid tumor neoplastic meningitis. J Neurooncol 2002; 57:231-239.
68. Bokstein F, Lossos A, Siegal T. Leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors: a comparison of two prospective series treated with and without intra-cerebrospinal fluid chemotherapy. Cancer 1998; 82:1756-1763.
69. Shapiro WR, Schmid M, Glantz M, Miller JJ. A randomized phase III/IV study to determine benefit and safety of cytarabine liposome injection for treatment of neoplastic meningitis. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24 (18S):1528. (abstract).
70. Boogerd W, van den Bent MJ, Koehler PJ, et al. The relevance of intraventricular chemotherapy for leptomeningeal metastasis in breast cancer: a randomized study. Eur J Cancer 2004; 40:2726-2733.
71. Garcia-Marco JA, Panizo C, Garcia ES, etal. Efficacy and safety of liposomal cytarabine in lymphoma patients with central nervous system involvement from lymphoma. Cancer 2009; 115:1892-1898.
72. Chamberlain MC, Kormanik PR. Carcinomatous meningitis secondary to breast cancer: predictors of response to combined modality therapy. J Neurooncol 1997; 35:55-64.
73. Brem SS, Bierman PJ, Black P, Chamberlain MC, et al. Central nervous system cancers: clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2008; 6:456-504.
74. Harstad L, Hess KR, Groves MD. Prognostic factors and outcomes in patients with leptomeningeal melanomatosis. J Neurooncol 2008; 10: 1010-1018.
75. Chamberlain MC. Neoplastic meningitis: deciding who to treat. Expert Rev Neurother 2004; 4:89-96.
76. Kerr JZ, Berg S, Blaney SM. Intrathecal chemotherapy. Crypt Rev Oncol Hematol 2001; 37:227-236.
77. Berweiler U, Krone A, Tonn JC. Reservoir systems for intraventricular chemotherapy. J Neurooncol 1998; 38:141-143.
78. Sandberg DI, Bilsky MH, Souweidane MM, et al. Ommaya reservoirs for the treatment of leptomeningeal metastases. Neurosurgery 2000; 47: 49-54.
79. Chamberlain MC. Risk of neoplastic meningitisfollowing surgical resection of cerebellar metastases. J Neurooncol 2008; 89:105-107.
80. Shapiro WR, Young DF, Mehta BM. Methotrexate: distribution in cerebrospinal fluid after intravenous, ventricular and lumbar injections. N Engl J Med 1975; 293:161-166.
81. Glantz MJ, Fisher R, Chamberlain MC. Interaction between route of intra-CSF chemotherapy administration and efficacy of therapy in patients with neoplastic meningitis. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24 (18S):65s. (abstract).
82. Chamberlain MC. Alpha-interferon in the treatment of neoplastic meningitis. Cancer 2002; 94:2675-2680.
83. Chamberlain MC, Wei-Tao DD, Groshen S. A phase 2 trial of intra-CSF etoposide in the treatment of neoplastic meningitis. Cancer 2006; 31:2021-2027.
84. Groves MD, Glantz MJ, Chamberlain MC, et al. A multicenter phase II trial of intrathecal topotecan in patients with meningeal malignancies. J Neurooncol 2008; 10:208-215.
85. Rubenstein JI, Fridlyand J, Abrey L, et al. Phase 1 study of intraventricular administration of rituximab in patients with recurrent CNS and intraocular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:1350-1356.
86. Chamberlain MC, Johnston SK, Van Horn A, Glantz MJ. Recurrent lympho-matous meningitis treated with intra-CSF rituximab and liposomal ara-C. J Neurooncol 2009; 91:271-277.
87. Mir O, Ropert S, Alexandre J, et al. High-dose intrathecal trastuzumab for leptomeningeal metastases secondary to HER-2 overexpressing breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2008; 19:1978-1980.
88. Allison D, Glantz M. Intra-CSF trastuzumab in patients with neoplastic meningitis from breast cancer or primary brain tumors. Neurology 2009; 72 (11 Suppl 3):A30. (abstract).
89. Shigekawa T, Takeuchi H, Misumi M, et al. Successful treatment of lepto meningeal metastases from breast cancer using the combination of trastu zumab and capecitabine: a case report. Breast Cancer 2009; 16:88-92.
90. StemmlerHJ, Mengele K, Schmitt M, et al. Intrathecal trastuzumab (Herceptin) and methotrexate for meningeal carcinomatosis in HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer: a case report. Anticancer Drugs 2008; 19:832-836.
91. Sause WT, Crowley J, Eyre HJ, et al. Whole brain irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate in the treatment of solid tumor leptomeningeal metastases: a Southwest Oncology Group study. J Neurooncol 1988; 6:107-112.
92. Stapleton S, Blaney SM. New agents for intrathecal administration. Cancer Invest 2006; 24:528-534.
93. Sampson JH, Archer GE, Villavicencio AT, et al. Treatment of neoplastic meningitis with intrathecal temozolomide. Clin Cancer Res 1999; 5:1183-1188.
94. Bernardi RJ, Bomgaars L, Fox E, et al. Phase I clinical trial of intrathecal gemcitabine in patients with neoplastic meningitis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008; 62:355-361.
95. Herrlinger U, Weller M, Schabet M. New aspects of immunotherapy of leptomeningeal metastasis. J Neurooncol 1998; 38:233-239.
96. Coakham HB, Kemshead JT. Treatment of neoplastic meningitis by targeted radiation using 131 I-radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies. J Neurooncol 1998; 38:225-232.
97. Vrionis FD. Gene therapy of neoplastic meningiosis. J Neurooncol 1998; 38:241-244.
98. Chamberlain MC, Kormanik PA, Barba D. Complications associated with intraventricular chemotherapy in patients with leptomeningeal metastases. J Neurosurgery 1997; 87:694-699.
99. Siegal T, Pfeffer MR, Steiner I. Antibiotic therapy for infected Ommaya reservoir systems. J Neurosurgery 1988; 22 (1 Pt 1):97-100.
100. Bleyer WA, Drake JC, Chabner BA. Neurotoxicity and elevated cerebrosp-inal-fluid methotrexate concentration in meningeal leukemia. N Engl J Med 1973; 289:770-773.
101. Glantz MJ, Cole BF, Recht L, et al. High-dose intravenous methotrexate for patients with nonelukemic leptomeningeal cancer: is intrathecal chemotherapy necessary? J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:1561-1567.
102. Siegal T. Leptomeningeal metastases: rationale for systemic chemotherapy or what is the role of intra-CSF-chemotherapy? J Neurooncol 1998; 38:151-157.