메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 543-549

Acute seizure management in children

Author keywords

Acute repetitive seizure; Benzodiazepine; Diazepam rectal gel; Electroencephalography; Fosphenytoin; Intranasal midazolam; Levetiracetam; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Status epilepticus; Valproate

Indexed keywords

BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; DIAZEPAM; ETIRACETAM; FOSPHENYTOIN SODIUM; LORAZEPAM; MIDAZOLAM; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; VALPROIC ACID;

EID: 73949100798     PISSN: 17455111     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/phe.09.59     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (2)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 0027272387 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of convulsive status epilepticus. Recommendations of the Epilepsy Foundation of America's Working Group on status epilepticus
    • [No authors listed]: Treatment of convulsive status epilepticus. Recommendations of the Epilepsy Foundation of America's Working Group on status epilepticus. JAMA 270 (7), 854-859 (1993).
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , Issue.7 , pp. 854-859
  • 2
    • 0032921086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It's time to revise the defnition of status epilepticus
    • Lowenstein DH, Bleck T, Macdonald RL: It's time to revise the defnition of status epilepticus. Epilepsia 40 (1), 120-122 (1999).
    • (1999) Epilepsia , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 120-122
    • Lowenstein, D.H.1    Bleck, T.2    Macdonald, R.L.3
  • 3
    • 0004496182 scopus 로고
    • Status Epilepticus
    • 2nd Edition. Pellock JM, Myer FC Eds, Demos, NY, USA
    • Pellock JM: Status Epilepticus. In: Neurologic Emergencies in Infancy and Childhood. 2nd Edition. Pellock JM, Myer FC (Eds). Demos, NY, USA, 167 (1993).
    • (1993) Neurologic Emergencies in Infancy and Childhood , pp. 167
    • Pellock, J.M.1
  • 4
    • 84992343679 scopus 로고
    • Status epilepticus in children: Update and review
    • Pellock JM: Status epilepticus in children: update and review. J. Child Neurol. 9 (Suppl. 2), S27-S35 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Child Neurol , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Pellock, J.M.1
  • 6
    • 0029928372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DeLorenzo RJ, Hauser WA, Towne AR et al.: A prospective, population-based epidemiologic study of status epilepticus in Richmond, Virginia. Neurology 46 (4), 1029-1035 (1996). •Study demonstrating that the incidence of status epilepticus (SE) was 41 patients per year per 100,000 population.
    • DeLorenzo RJ, Hauser WA, Towne AR et al.: A prospective, population-based epidemiologic study of status epilepticus in Richmond, Virginia. Neurology 46 (4), 1029-1035 (1996). •Study demonstrating that the incidence of status epilepticus (SE) was 41 patients per year per 100,000 population.
  • 7
    • 0029020363 scopus 로고
    • Electroclinical features of status epilepticus
    • Treiman DM: Electroclinical features of status epilepticus. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 12 (4) 343-362 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Clin. Neurophysiol , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 343-362
    • Treiman, D.M.1
  • 8
    • 67349246266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DeLorenzo RJ, Kirmani B, Deshpande LS et al.: Comparisons of the mortality and clinical presentations of status epilepticus in private practice community and university hospital settings in Richmond, Virgini. Seizure 18 (6), 405-411 (2009). •First direct prospective comparison of SE present in university and private practice community hospital settings in the Richmond area, which demonstrated that the mortality was highest in the elderly population while the pediatric population had low mortality in both clinical settings.
    • DeLorenzo RJ, Kirmani B, Deshpande LS et al.: Comparisons of the mortality and clinical presentations of status epilepticus in private practice community and university hospital settings in Richmond, Virgini. Seizure 18 (6), 405-411 (2009). •First direct prospective comparison of SE present in university and private practice community hospital settings in the Richmond area, which demonstrated that the mortality was highest in the elderly population while the pediatric population had low mortality in both clinical settings.
  • 10
    • 0031907719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of acute seizure episodes
    • Comprehensive review of management of acute seizure episodes in adults and children, •
    • Pellock JM: Management of acute seizure episodes. Epilepsia 39 (Suppl. 1), S28-S35 (1998). •Comprehensive review of management of acute seizure episodes in adults and children.
    • (1998) Epilepsia , vol.39 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Pellock, J.M.1
  • 11
    • 0024460130 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and clinical use of benzodiazepines in the management of status epilepticus
    • Treiman D: Pharmacokinetics and clinical use of benzodiazepines in the management of status epilepticus. Epilepsia 30, 4-10 (1989).
    • (1989) Epilepsia , vol.30 , pp. 4-10
    • Treiman, D.1
  • 12
    • 0035975408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of lorazepam, diazepam, and placebo for the out of hospital status epilepticus
    • Alldredge BK, Gelb AM, Isaacs SM et al.: A comparison of lorazepam, diazepam, and placebo for the out of hospital status epilepticus. N. Engl. J. M Ed. 345, 631-637 (2001).
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. M Ed , vol.345 , pp. 631-637
    • Alldredge, B.K.1    Gelb, A.M.2    Isaacs, S.M.3
  • 13
    • 0033762871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children. The Status Epilepticus Working Party, Members of the Status Epilepticus Working Party
    • Appleton R, Choonara I, Martland T, Phillips B, Scott R, Whitehouse W: The treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children. The Status Epilepticus Working Party, Members of the Status Epilepticus Working Party. Arch. Dis. Child 83, 415-419 (2000).
    • (2000) Arch. Dis. Child , vol.83 , pp. 415-419
    • Appleton, R.1    Choonara, I.2    Martland, T.3    Phillips, B.4    Scott, R.5    Whitehouse, W.6
  • 16
    • 0024549530 scopus 로고
    • Home use of rectal diazepam to prevent status epilepticus in children with convulsive disorders
    • Camfeld CS, Camfeld PR, Smith E, Dooley JM: Home use of rectal diazepam to prevent status epilepticus in children with convulsive disorders. J. Child Neurol. 4, 125-126 (1989).
    • (1989) J. Child Neurol , vol.4 , pp. 125-126
    • Camfeld, C.S.1    Camfeld, P.R.2    Smith, E.3    Dooley, J.M.4
  • 17
    • 0023837005 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of status epilepticus: A prospective comparison of diazepam and phenytoin versus phenobarbital and optional phenytoin
    • Shaner DM, McCurdy SA, Herring MO, Gabor AJ: Treatment of status epilepticus: a prospective comparison of diazepam and phenytoin versus phenobarbital and optional phenytoin. Neurology 38, 202-207 (1988).
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 202-207
    • Shaner, D.M.1    McCurdy, S.A.2    Herring, M.O.3    Gabor, A.J.4
  • 18
    • 0032541616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Veterans Affairs Status Epilepticus Cooperative Study Group
    • Treiman DM, Meyers PD, Walton NY et al.: A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Veterans Affairs Status Epilepticus Cooperative Study Group. N. Engl. J. M Ed. 339, 792-798 (1998).
    • (1998) N. Engl. J. M Ed , vol.339 , pp. 792-798
    • Treiman, D.M.1    Meyers, P.D.2    Walton, N.Y.3
  • 19
    • 0031931588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rectal use of benzodiazepines
    • Dooley JM: Rectal use of benzodiazepines. Epilepsia 39, S24-S27 (1998).
    • (1998) Epilepsia , vol.39
    • Dooley, J.M.1
  • 20
    • 0026089625 scopus 로고
    • Home use of rectal diazepam for cluster and prolonged seizures: Effcacy, adverse reactions, quality of life, and cost analysis
    • Kriel RL, Cloyd JC, Hadsall RS, Carlson AM, Floren KL, Jones-Saete CM: Home use of rectal diazepam for cluster and prolonged seizures: effcacy, adverse reactions, quality of life, and cost analysis. Pediatr. Neurol. 7, 13-17 (1991).
    • (1991) Pediatr. Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 13-17
    • Kriel, R.L.1    Cloyd, J.C.2    Hadsall, R.S.3    Carlson, A.M.4    Floren, K.L.5    Jones-Saete, C.M.6
  • 21
    • 73949106694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galvin GM, Jelinek GA: Successful treatment of 75 patients in SE with IV midazolam. Emerg. M Ed. 4, 77-81 (1992).
    • Galvin GM, Jelinek GA: Successful treatment of 75 patients in SE with IV midazolam. Emerg. M Ed. 4, 77-81 (1992).
  • 22
    • 0034212265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midazolam as a frst line agent for status epilepticus in children
    • Yoshikawa H, Yamazaki S, Abe T, Oda Y: Midazolam as a frst line agent for status epilepticus in children. Brain Dev. 22, 239-242 (2000).
    • (2000) Brain Dev , vol.22 , pp. 239-242
    • Yoshikawa, H.1    Yamazaki, S.2    Abe, T.3    Oda, Y.4
  • 23
    • 0030948363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective randomized study comparing intramuscular midazolam with intravenous diazepam for the treatment of seizures in children
    • Chamberlain J, Altieri M, Futterman C, Young GM, Ochsenschlager DW, Waisman Y: A prospective randomized study comparing intramuscular midazolam with intravenous diazepam for the treatment of seizures in children. Pediatr. Emerg. Care. 13, 92-94 (1997).
    • (1997) Pediatr. Emerg. Care , vol.13 , pp. 92-94
    • Chamberlain, J.1    Altieri, M.2    Futterman, C.3    Young, G.M.4    Ochsenschlager, D.W.5    Waisman, Y.6
  • 24
    • 0028198570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orebaugh SL, Bradford SM: Intravenous versus intramuscular midazolam in treatment of chemically induced generalized seizures in swine. Am. J. Emerg. M Ed. 12, 284-287 (1994).
    • Orebaugh SL, Bradford SM: Intravenous versus intramuscular midazolam in treatment of chemically induced generalized seizures in swine. Am. J. Emerg. M Ed. 12, 284-287 (1994).
  • 25
    • 0031020130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kendall J, Reynolds M, Goldberg R: Intranasal midazolam in patients with status epilepticus. Ann. Emerg. M Ed. 29, 415-417 (1997).
    • Kendall J, Reynolds M, Goldberg R: Intranasal midazolam in patients with status epilepticus. Ann. Emerg. M Ed. 29, 415-417 (1997).
  • 26
    • 0020668030 scopus 로고
    • Effcacy of phenytoin in treatment of status epilepticus
    • Degaldo-Escueta AV et al, Eds, Raven Press, NY, USA
    • Widler BJ: Effcacy of phenytoin in treatment of status epilepticus. In: Advances in Neurology. Vol. 34. Degaldo-Escueta AV et al. (Eds). Raven Press, NY, USA, 441-446 (1983).
    • (1983) Advances in Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 441-446
    • Widler, B.J.1
  • 27
    • 0013478808 scopus 로고
    • Safety, tolerance and pharmacokinetics of intravenous fosphenytoin in status epilepticus
    • Allen FH, Runge RW, Legarda S: Safety, tolerance and pharmacokinetics of intravenous fosphenytoin in status epilepticus. Epilepsia 36 (Suppl. 4), 90-94 (1995).
    • (1995) Epilepsia , vol.36 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 90-94
    • Allen, F.H.1    Runge, R.W.2    Legarda, S.3
  • 28
    • 0029946975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of fosphenytoin
    • Browne TR, Kugler AR, Eldon MA: Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of fosphenytoin. Neurology 46 (6 Suppl. 1), S3-S7 (1996).
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , Issue.6 SUPPL. 1
    • Browne, T.R.1    Kugler, A.R.2    Eldon, M.A.3
  • 29
    • 0030011003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous administration of fosphenytoin: Options for the management of seizures
    • Ramsay RE, DeToledo J: Intravenous administration of fosphenytoin: options for the management of seizures. Neurology 46 (6 Suppl. 1), S17-S19 (1996).
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , Issue.6 SUPPL. 1
    • Ramsay, R.E.1    DeToledo, J.2
  • 30
    • 0038665608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and effcacy of intravenous valproate in pediatric status epilepticus and acute repetitive seizures
    • Yu KT, Mills S, Thompson N, Cunanan C: Safety and effcacy of intravenous valproate in pediatric status epilepticus and acute repetitive seizures. Epilepsia 44, 724-726 (2003).
    • (2003) Epilepsia , vol.44 , pp. 724-726
    • Yu, K.T.1    Mills, S.2    Thompson, N.3    Cunanan, C.4
  • 31
    • 34047209006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproate is an effective, well-tolerated drug for treatment of status epilepticus/serial attacks in adults
    • Olsen KB, Taubøll E, Gjerstad L: Valproate is an effective, well-tolerated drug for treatment of status epilepticus/serial attacks in adults. Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl. 187, 51-54 (2007).
    • (2007) Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl , vol.187 , pp. 51-54
    • Olsen, K.B.1    Taubøll, E.2    Gjerstad, L.3
  • 32
    • 34547881203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous sodium valproate versus diazepam infusion for the control of refractory status epilepticus in children: A randomized controlled trial
    • Mehta V, Singhi P, Singhi S: Intravenous sodium valproate versus diazepam infusion for the control of refractory status epilepticus in children: a randomized controlled trial. J. Child Neurol. 22, 1191-1197 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Child Neurol , vol.22 , pp. 1191-1197
    • Mehta, V.1    Singhi, P.2    Singhi, S.3
  • 33
    • 33747070541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium valproate vs phenytoin in status epilepticus: A pilot study
    • Misra UK, Kalita J, Patel R: Sodium valproate vs phenytoin in status epilepticus: a pilot study. Neurology 67, 340-342 (2006).
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , pp. 340-342
    • Misra, U.K.1    Kalita, J.2    Patel, R.3
  • 34
    • 34547699419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized study of intravenous valproate and phenytoin in status epilepticus
    • Agarwal P, Kumar N, Chandra R, Gupta G, Antony AR, Garg N: Randomized study of intravenous valproate and phenytoin in status epilepticus. Seizure 16, 527-532 (2007).
    • (2007) Seizure , vol.16 , pp. 527-532
    • Agarwal, P.1    Kumar, N.2    Chandra, R.3    Gupta, G.4    Antony, A.R.5    Garg, N.6
  • 35
    • 33746115639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam intravenous infusion: A randomized, placebo-controlled safety and pharmacokinetic study
    • Ramael S, Daoust A, Otoul C et al.: Levetiracetam intravenous infusion: a randomized, placebo-controlled safety and pharmacokinetic study. Epilepsia 47, 1128-1135 (2006).
    • (2006) Epilepsia , vol.47 , pp. 1128-1135
    • Ramael, S.1    Daoust, A.2    Otoul, C.3
  • 36
    • 33745974941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-dose bioavailability of levetiracetam intravenous infusion relative to oral tablets and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and tolerability of levetiracetam intravenous infusion compared with placebo in healthy subjects
    • Ramael S, De Smedt F, Toublanc N et al.: Single-dose bioavailability of levetiracetam intravenous infusion relative to oral tablets and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and tolerability of levetiracetam intravenous infusion compared with placebo in healthy subjects. Clin. Ther. 28, 734-744 (2006).
    • (2006) Clin. Ther , vol.28 , pp. 734-744
    • Ramael, S.1    De Smedt, F.2    Toublanc, N.3
  • 37
    • 33847189603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam as a treatment option in non-convulsive status epilepticus
    • Rupprecht S, Franke K, Fitzek S, Witte OW, Hagemann G: Levetiracetam as a treatment option in non-convulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res. 73, 238-244 (2007).
    • (2007) Epilepsy Res , vol.73 , pp. 238-244
    • Rupprecht, S.1    Franke, K.2    Fitzek, S.3    Witte, O.W.4    Hagemann, G.5
  • 39
    • 38949184571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous levetiracetam in children with epilepsy
    • Goraya JS, Khurana DS, Valencia I et al.: Intravenous levetiracetam in children with epilepsy. Pediatr. Neurol. 38, 177-180 (2008).
    • (2008) Pediatr. Neurol , vol.38 , pp. 177-180
    • Goraya, J.S.1    Khurana, D.S.2    Valencia, I.3
  • 41
    • 0032563178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a unique profle of levetiracetam in rodent models of seizures and epilepsy
    • Klitgaard H, Matagne A, Gobert J, Wülfert E: Evidence for a unique profle of levetiracetam in rodent models of seizures and epilepsy. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 353, 191-206 (1998).
    • (1998) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.353 , pp. 191-206
    • Klitgaard, H.1    Matagne, A.2    Gobert, J.3    Wülfert, E.4
  • 42
    • 2142818536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsant effects of levetiracetam and levetiracetamdiazepam combinations in experimental status epilepticus
    • Mazarati AM, Baldwin R, Klitgaard H, Matagne A, Wasterlain CG: Anticonvulsant effects of levetiracetam and levetiracetamdiazepam combinations in experimental status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res. 58, 167-174 (2004).
    • (2004) Epilepsy Res , vol.58 , pp. 167-174
    • Mazarati, A.M.1    Baldwin, R.2    Klitgaard, H.3    Matagne, A.4    Wasterlain, C.G.5
  • 43
    • 47249098510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Termination of absence status epilepticus by low-dose intravenous levetiracetam
    • Altenmuller DM, Kuhn A, Surges R, Schulze-Bonhage A: Termination of absence status epilepticus by low-dose intravenous levetiracetam. Epilepsia 49, 1289-1290 (2008).
    • (2008) Epilepsia , vol.49 , pp. 1289-1290
    • Altenmuller, D.M.1    Kuhn, A.2    Surges, R.3    Schulze-Bonhage, A.4
  • 44
    • 33847625508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam intravenous infusion as an alternative to oral dosing in patients with partial-onset seizures
    • Baulac M, Brodie MJ, Elger CE et al.: Levetiracetam intravenous infusion as an alternative to oral dosing in patients with partial-onset seizures. Epilepsia 48, 589-592 (2007).
    • (2007) Epilepsia , vol.48 , pp. 589-592
    • Baulac, M.1    Brodie, M.J.2    Elger, C.E.3
  • 45
    • 66349133603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of intravenous levetiracetam in acute seizure management of children
    • Retrospective review of 32 pediatric epilepsy patients treated with intravenous levetiracetam for acute seizures in the hospital setting. Response was favorable in all patients, •
    • Kirmani BF, Crisp ED, Kayani S, Rajab H: Role of intravenous levetiracetam in acute seizure management of children. Pediatr. Neurol. 41, 37-39 (2009). •Retrospective review of 32 pediatric epilepsy patients treated with intravenous levetiracetam for acute seizures in the hospital setting. Response was favorable in all patients.
    • (2009) Pediatr. Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 37-39
    • Kirmani, B.F.1    Crisp, E.D.2    Kayani, S.3    Rajab, H.4
  • 46
    • 0029943483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status epilepticus and acute repetitive seizures in children, adolescents and young adults: Etiology, outcome and treatment
    • Mitchell WG: Status epilepticus and acute repetitive seizures in children, adolescents and young adults: etiology, outcome and treatment. Epilepsia 37 (Suppl. l), S74-S80 (1996).
    • (1996) Epilepsia , vol.37 , Issue.SUPPL. L
    • Mitchell, W.G.1
  • 48
    • 0026089625 scopus 로고
    • Home use of rectal diazepam for cluster and prolonged seizures: Effcacy, adverse reactions, quality of life, and cost analysis
    • Kriel RL, Cloyd JC, Hadsall RS, Carlson AM, Floren KL, Jones-Saete CM: Home use of rectal diazepam for cluster and prolonged seizures: effcacy, adverse reactions, quality of life, and cost analysis. Pediatr. Neurol. 7, 713-717 (1991).
    • (1991) Pediatr. Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 713-717
    • Kriel, R.L.1    Cloyd, J.C.2    Hadsall, R.S.3    Carlson, A.M.4    Floren, K.L.5    Jones-Saete, C.M.6
  • 49
    • 0028157266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dieckmann RA: Rectal diazepam for prehospital pediatric status epilepticus. Ann. Emerg. M Ed. 23, 216-224 (1994).
    • Dieckmann RA: Rectal diazepam for prehospital pediatric status epilepticus. Ann. Emerg. M Ed. 23, 216-224 (1994).
  • 50
    • 34249872188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effcacy of intravenous midazolam for status epilepticus in childhood
    • Hayashi K, Osawa M, Aihara M et al.: Effcacy of intravenous midazolam for status epilepticus in childhood. Pediatr. Neurol. 36, 366-372 (2007).
    • (2007) Pediatr. Neurol , vol.36 , pp. 366-372
    • Hayashi, K.1    Osawa, M.2    Aihara, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.