Travelling beyond the boundaries of constraint: Women, travel and empowerment

Tourism and Gender Embodiment, Sensuality and Experience

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 235-250

  Harris, Candice ^a   Wilson, Erica ^b  

^a AUCKLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (New Zealand)

^b SOUTHERN CROSS UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 72549100709     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (88)

1. Abbott Cone, C. (1995) Crafting selves: the lives of two Mayan women. Annals of Tourism Research 22(2), 314-327.
2. Apostolopoulos, Y. and Sonmez, S. (2001) Working producers, leisured consumers: women's experiences in developing regions. In: Apostolopoulos, Y., Sonmez, S. and Dallen, J.T. (eds) Women as Producers and Consumers of Tourism in Developing Regions. Praeger, Westport, Connecticut, pp. 3-17.
3. Ashton-Schaeffer, C., Gibson, H., Holt, M. and Willming, C. (2001) Women's resistance and empowerment through wheelchair sport. World Leisure 43(4), 11-21.
4. Ateljevic, I., Harris, C., Wilson, E. and Leo Collins, F. (2005) Getting 'entangled': reflexivity and the 'critical turn' in tourism studies. Tourism Recreation Research 30(2), 9-21.
5. Bates, D. (1999) Moderator's gender can influence a focus group. Marketing News 33(5), 17-19.
6. Bella, L. (1992) The Christmas Imperative: Leisure, Family, and Women's Work. Fernwood Publishing, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
7. Bond, M. (2001) Gutsy Women: More Travel Tips and Wisdom for the Road. Travelers' Tales, San Francisco, California.
8. Bond, M. and Michael, P. (eds) (1999) A Woman's Passion for Travel. Travelers' Tales, San Francisco, California.
9. Butler, K.L. (1995) Independence for Western women through tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 22(2), 487-489.
10. Carr, N. (2001) An exploratory study of gendered differences in young tourists' perception of danger within London. Tourism Management 22, 565-570.
11. Clarke, I.F. (1988) Wandering women: the right connections. Tourism Management 9(1), 78-82.
12. Cukier, J., Norris, J. and Wall, G. (1996) The involvement of women in the tourism industry of Bali, Indonesia. The Journal of Development Studies 33(2), 248-270.
13. Davidson, P. (1996) The holiday and work experiences of women with young children. Leisure Studies 15(2), 89-103.
14. Deem, R. (1996) No time for a rest? An exploration of women's work, engendered leisure and holidays. Time and Society 5(1), 5-25.
15. Deem, R. (1999) How do we get out of the ghetto? Strategies for research on gender and leisure for the twenty-first century. Leisure Studies 18(3), 161-177.
16. Elsrud, T. (1998) Time creation in travelling: the taking and making of time among women backpackers. Time and Society 7(2), 309-334.
17. Enloe, C. (1989) Bananas, Beaches and Bases. Pandora, London.
18. Freysinger, V.J. and Flannery, D. (1992) Women's leisure: affiliation, self-determination, empowerment and resistance? Society & Leisure 15(1), 303-322.
19. Ghose, I. (1998) Women Travellers in Colonial India: The Power of the Female Gaze. Oxford University Press, Delhi, India.
20. Gibson, H. (2001) Gender in tourism: theoretical perspectives. In: Apostolopoulos, Y., Sonmez, S. and Dallen, J.T. (eds) Women as Producers and Consumers of Tourism in Developing Regions. Praeger, Westport, Connecticut, pp. 3-17.
21. Gibson, H. and Jordan, F. (1998) Shirley Valentine Lives! The Experiences of Solo Women Travellers. Paper presented at the Fifth Congress of the World Leisure and Recreation Association, 26-30 October, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
22. Glaser, B.G. and Strauss, A.L. (1967) The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine, Chicago, Illinois.
23. Graburn, N.H.H. (1983) The anthropology of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 10(1), 9-33.
24. Green, E. (1998) 'Women doing friendship': an analysis of women's leisure as a site of identity construction, empowerment and resistance. Leisure Studies 17(3), 171-185.
25. Hall, D. and Kinnaird, V. (1994) A note on women travellers. In: Kinnaird, V. and Hall, D. (eds) Tourism: A Gender Analysis. Wiley, Chichester, UK, pp. 188-209.
26. Hamalian, L. (1981) Ladies on the Loose: Women Travellers of the 18th and 19th Centuries. Dodd, Mead, New York.
27. Harding, S. (1991) Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking from Women's Lives. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.
28. Harris, C. (2002) Women and power: a study of New Zealand women business travellers. Unpublished PhD thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
29. Harris, C. and Ateljevic, I. (2003) Perpetuating the male gaze as the norm: challenges for 'her' participation in business travel. Tourism Recreation Research 28(2), 21-30.
30. Henderson, K.A. (1991) The contribution of feminism to an understanding of leisure constraints. Journal of Leisure Research 23(4), 363-377.
31. Henderson, K.A. and Bialeschki, M.D. (1993) Negotiating constraints to women's physical recreation. Society & Leisure 16(2), 389-412.
32. Henderson, K., Bialeschki, M.D., Shaw, S. and Freysinger, V. (1996) Both Gains and Gaps: Feminist Perspectives on Women's Leisure. Venture, State College, Pennsylvania.
33. Hewlett, S.A. (2002) Executive women and the myth of having it all. Harvard Business Review 80(4), 5-11.
34. Hutchison, P. and McGill, J. (1992) Leisure, Integration and Community. Ontario Leisurability Publications, Concord, California.
35. Jackson, E.L. and Henderson, K.A. (1995) Gender-based analysis of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences 17(1), 31-51.
36. Jackson, E.L. and Scott, D. (1999) Constraints to leisure. In: Jackson, E.L. and Burton, T.L. (eds) Leisure Studies: Prospects for the Twenty-first Century. Venture, State College, Pennsylvania, pp. 299-321.
37. Jackson, E.L., Crawford, D.W. and Godbey, G. (1993) Negotiation of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences 15(1), 1-11.
38. Jennings, G. (2001) Tourism Research. Wiley, Milton, Queensland.
39. Jordan, F. and Gibson, H. (2000) Whose space is this anyway? The experiences of solo women travellers. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Institute of British Geographers, 4-7 January, Brighton, UK.
40. Kain, D. and King, B. (2004) Destinationbased product selections by international backpackers in Australia. In: Richards, G. and Wilson, J. (eds) The Global Nomad: Backpacker Travel in Theory and Practice. Channel View, Clevedon, UK, pp. 196-216.
41. Kay, T. and Jackson, G. (1991) Leisure despite constraint: the impact of leisure constraints on leisure participation. Journal of Leisure Research 23(4), 301-313.
42. Kinnaird, V. and Hall, D. (1994) Tourism: A Gender Analysis. Wiley, Chichester, UK.
43. Kinnaird, V. and Hall, D. (2000) Theorizing gender in tourism research. Tourism Recreation Research 25, 71-84.
44. Krippendorf, J. (1997) The motives of the mobile leisureman: travel between norm, promise and hope. In: France, L. (ed.) The Earthscan Reader in Sustainable Tourism. Earthscan, London, pp. 38-53.
45. Leontidou, L. (1994) Gender dimensions of tourism in Greece: employment, sub-cultures and restructuring. In: Kinnaird, V. and Hall, D. (eds) Tourism: A Gender Analysis. Wiley, Chichester, UK, pp. 74-105.
46. Lincoln, Y.S. and Guba, E.G. (1985) Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage, Newbury Park, California.
47. Little, D.E. (2002) Women and adventure recreation: reconstructing leisure constraints and adventure experiences to negotiate continuing participation. Journal of Leisure Research 34(2), 157-177.
48. Little, D.E. and Wilson, E. (2005) Adventure and the gender gap: acknowledging diversity of experience. Society & Leisure 28(1), 185-208.
49. MacKinnon, A. (1997) Love and Freedom: Professional Women and the Reshaping of Personal Life. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
50. Morgan, N. and Pritchard, A. (1998) Tourism, Promotion and Power: Creating Images, Creating Identities. Wiley, Chichester, UK.
51. Newlands, K. (2004) Setting out on the road less travelled: a study of backpacker travel in New Zealand. In: Richards, G. and Wilson, J. (eds) The Global Nomad: Backpacker Travel in Theory and Practice. Channel View, Clevedon, UK, pp. 217-236.
52. Norris, J. and Wall, G. (1994) Gender and tourism. Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management 6, 57-78.
53. Oppermann, M. (1999) Sex tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 26(2), 251-266.
54. Pemble, J. (1987) The Mediterranean Passion: Victorians and Edwardians in the South. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
55. Pennington-Gray, L.A. and Kerstetter, D.A. (2001) What do university-educated women want from their pleasure travel experiences? Journal of Travel Research 40(1), 49-56.
56. Pesman, R. (1996) Duty Free: Australian Women Abroad. Oxford University, Melbourne.
57. Popcorn, F. and Marigold, L. (2000) EVEolution: The Eight Truths of Marketing to Women. Hyperion, New York.
58. Rach, L. (2001) The Changing Nature of Female Business Travelers: A Review of the Findings of a Study Conducted by New York University and Wyndham Hotels and Resorts. New York University, New York.
59. Raymore, L.A. (2002) Facilitators to leisure. Journal of Leisure Research 34(1), 37-51.
60. Reinharz, S. (1992) Feminist Methods in Social Research. Oxford University Press, New York.
61. Riley, P.J. (1988) Road culture of international long-term budget travelers. Annals of Tourism Research 15, 313-328.
62. Robinson, J. (1990) Wayward Women: A Guide to Women Travellers. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
63. Robinson, J. (1994) Unsuitable for Ladies: An Anthology of Women Travellers. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
64. Ryan, C. (2000) Sex tourism: paradigms of confusion? In: Clift, S. and Carter, S. (eds) Tourism and Sex: Culture, Commerce and Coercion. Pinter, London, pp. 23-40.
65. Samdahl, D.M. and Jekubovich, N.J. (1997) A critique of leisure constraints: comparative analyses and understandings. Journal of Leisure Research 29(4), 430-453.
66. Shaw, S.M. (1994) Gender, leisure, and constraint: towards a framework for the analysis of women's leisure. Journal of Leisure Research 26(1), 8-22.
67. Shaw, S.M. (2001) Conceptualizing resistance: women's leisure as political practice. Journal of Leisure Research 33(2), 186-201.
68. Shogan, D. (2002) Characterizing constraints of leisure: a Foucaultian analysis of leisure constraints. Leisure Studies 21(1), 27-38.
69. Small, J. (1999) Memory-work: a method for researching women's tourist experiences. Tourism Management 20(1), 25-35.
70. Smith, V.L. (1979) Women: the taste-makers in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 6, 49-60.
71. South Australian Tourism Commission (1996) Women and Travel: South Australian Holiday Patterns of Adelaide Women. South Australian Tourism Commission, Adelaide.
72. Steinbach, A. (2000) Without Reservations: The Travels of an Independent Woman. Bantam Books, Sydney.
73. Swain, M.B. (1995) Gender in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 22(2), 247-266.
74. Swan, S. and Laufer, P. (1998) Safety and Security for Women Who Travel. Travelers' Tales, San Francisco, California.
75. Timothy, D.J. (2001) Gender relations in tourism: revisiting patriarchy and underdevelopment. In: Apostolopoulos, Y., Sonmez, S. and Dallen, J.T. (eds) Women as Producers and Consumers of Tourism in Developing Regions. Praeger, Westport, Connecticut, pp. 235-248.
76. Uriely, N. (2001) 'Travelling workers' and 'working tourists': variations across the interaction between work and tourism. International Journal of Tourism Research 3(1), 1-8.
77. Warner-Smith, P. (2000) Travel, young women and 'The Weekly', 1956-1968. Annals of Leisure Research 3, 33-46.
78. Wearing, B. (1990) Beyond the ideology of motherhood: leisure as resistance. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology 26(1), 36-58.
79. Wearing, B.M. (1994) The pain and pleasure of gendered leisure. World Leisure and Recreation 36(3), 4-10.
80. Wearing, B. and Wearing, S. (1988) 'All in a day's leisure': gender and the concept of leisure. Leisure Studies 7(2), 111-123.
81. Wearing, B. and Wearing, S. (1996) Refocussing the tourist experience: the flâneur and the choraster. Leisure Studies 15(4), 229-243.
82. Westwood, S. (1997) A missed marketing opportunity? Is the airline industry catering for the needs of today's business woman? Unpublished undergraduate dissertation, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, UK.
83. Westwood, S., Pritchard, A. and Morgan, N.J. (2000) Gender-blind marketing: businesswomen's perceptions of airline services. Tourism Management 21, 353-362.
84. White, M. (1989) Going Solo: The Essential Guide for Solo Women Travellers. Greenhouse, Elwood, Victoria, Australia.
85. Wilkinson, P.F. and Pratiwi, W. (1995) Gender and tourism in an Indonesian village. Annals of Tourism Research 22(2), 283-299.
86. Wilson, E. (2004) A journey of her own? The impact of constraints on women's solo travel. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Griffith University, Australia.
87. Wilson, E. and Little, D.E. (2003) 'It'd take a lot to stop me!': How women negotiate the constra ints of solo travel. In: Griffin, T. and Harris, R. (eds) Current Research, Future Strategies: Bridging Uncertainty - Pr oceedings of the 9th Annual Asia Pacific Tourism Association Conference. University of Technology, Sydney, Australia, pp. 834-845.
88. Wilson, E. and Little, D.E. (2005) A 'relative escape'? The impact of constraints on women who travel solo. Tourism Review International 9, 155-175.