Does the flower constancy of bumble bees reflect foraging economics?

Ethology

Volumn 110, Issue 10, 2004, Pages 793-805

  Gegear, Robert J ^a   Thomson, James D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONSTANCY; FLOWER VISITING; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; FORAGING EFFICIENCY; NECTAR; PLANT-INSECT INTERACTION;

ANIMALIA; APIDAE; APOIDEA; BOMBUS (GENUS); HYMENOPTERA; INSECTA;

EID: 7244236577     PISSN: 01791613     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2004.01010.x     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Bateman, A. J. 1951: The taxonomic discrimination of bees. Heredity 5, 271-278.
2. Chittka, L. & Thomson, J. D. 1997: Sensory-motor learning and its relevance for task specialization in bumble bees. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 41, 385-398.
3. Chittka, L., Gumbert, A. & Kunze, J. 1997: Foraging dynamics of bumble bees: correlates of movements within and between plant species. Behav. Ecol. 8, 239-249.
4. Chittka, L., Thomson, J. D. & Waser, N. M. 1999: Flower constancy, insect psychology, and plant evolution. Naturwissenschaften 86, 361-377.
5. Chittka, L., Spaethe, J., Schmidt, A. & Hickelsberger, A. 2001: Adaptation, constraint and chance in the evolution of flower color and pollinator color vision. In: Cognitive Ecology of Pollination: Animal Behaviour and Floral Evolution (Chittka, L. & Thomson, J. D., eds). Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 106-126.
6. Darwin, C. 1876: On the Effects of Cross and Self Fertilization in the Vegetable Kingdom. John Murray, London.
7. Dukas, R. 1995: Transfer and interference in bumble bee learning. Anim. Behav. 49, 1481-1490.
8. Gegear, R. J. & Laverty, T. M. 1995: Effect of flower complexity on relearning flower handling skills in bumble bees. Can. J. Zool. 73, 2052-2058.
9. Gegear, R. J. & Laverty, T. M. 1998: How many flower types can bumble bees forage on at the same time. Can. J. Zool. 76, 1358-1365.
10. Gegear, R. J. & Laverty, T. M. 2001: The effect of variation among floral traits on the flower constancy of pollinators. In: Cognitive Ecology of Pollination: Animal Behaviour and Floral Evolution (Chittka, L. & Thomson, J. D., eds). Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 1-20.
11. Goulson, D. 1999: Forager strategies of insects for gathering nectar and pollen, and implications for plant ecology and evolution. Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Systemat. 2, 185-209.
12. Goulson, D. 2000: Are insects flower constant because they use search images to find flowers? Oikos 88, 547-552.
13. Goulson, D. & Wright, N. P. 1998: Flower constancy in the hoverflies Episyrphus baltealus (Degeer) and Syrphus ribesii (L.) (Syrphidae). Behav. Ecol. 9, 213-219.
14. Goulson, D., Stout, J. C. & Hawson, S. A. 1997: Can flower constancy in nectaring butterflies be explained by Darwin's interference hypothesis? Oecologia 112, 225-231.
15. Grant, V. 1950: The flower constancy of bees. Bot. Rev. 16, 379-398.
16. Gumbert, A. 2000: Color choices by bumble bees (Bombus terrestris): innate preferences and generalization after learning. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 48, 36-43.
17. Harder, L. D. 1988: Choice of individual flowers by bumble bees: interaction of morphology, time and energy. Behaviour 104, 60-77.
18. Heinrich, B. 1975: Thermoregulation in bumblebees 2. Energetics of warm-up and free-flight. J. Compar. Physiol. 96, 155-166.
19. Heinrich, B. 1979: 'Majoring' and 'minoring' by foraging bumblebees, Bombus vegans: an experimental analysis. Ecology 60, 245-255.
20. Hill, P. S. M., Wells, P. H. & Wells, H. 1997: Spontaneous flower constancy and learning in honey bees as a function of color. Anim. Behav. 54, 615-627.
21. Hill, P. S. M., Hollis, J. & Wells, H. 2001: Foraging decisions in nectivores: unexpected interactions between flower constancy and energetic rewards. Anim. Behav. 62, 729-737.
22. Jacobs, J. 1974: Quantitative measurement of food selection: a modification of the forage ratio and Ivlev's Electivity Index. Oecologia 14, 413-417.
23. Keasar, T., Shmida, A. & Motro, U. 1996: Innate movement rules in foraging bees: Flight distances are affected by recent rewards and are correlated with choice of flower type. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 39, 381-388.
24. Laverty, T. M. 1994a: Bumble bee learning and flower morphology. Anim. Behav. 47, 531-545.
25. Laverty, T. M. 1994b: Costs to foraging bumble bees to switching plant species. Can. J. Zool. 72, 43-47.
26. Lewis, A. C. 1986: Memory constraints and flower choice in Pieris rapae. Science 232, 863-865.
27. Marden, J. H. & Waddington, K. D. 1981: Floral choices by honeybees in relation to the relative distances to flowers. Physiol. Entomol. 6, 431-435.
28. Motro, U. & Schmida, A. 1995: Near-far search: an evolutionarily stable foraging strategy. J. Theor. Biol. 173, 15-22.
29. Pyke, G. H. 1978: Optimal body size in bumble bees. Oecologia 34, 255-266.
30. Rice, W. R. 1989: Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43, 223-225.
31. Spaethe, J., Tautz, J. & Chittka, L. 2001: Visual constraints in foraging bumble bees: flower size and color affect search time and flight behavior. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 98, 3898-3903.
32. Waser, N. M. 1983: The adaptive nature of flower traits: ideas and evidence. In: Pollination Biology (Real, L. A., ed.). Academic Press, Orlando, FL, pp. 241-285.
33. Waser, N. M. 1986: Flower constancy: definition, cause and measurement. Am. Nat. 127, 593-603.
34. Wiegmann, D. D., Wiegmann, D. A. & Waldron, F. A. 2003: Effects of a reward downshift on the consummatory behavior and flower choices of bumble bee foragers. Physiol. Behav. 79, 561-566.