Flower constancy in the hoverflies Episyrphus balteatus (Degeer) and Syrphus ribesii (L.) (Syrphidae)

Behavioral Ecology

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 213-219

  Goulson, Dave ^a   Wright, Nick P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Color morph; Foraging; Handling time; Hoverflies; Interference; Pollination; Search image; Syrphidae

Indexed keywords

FLOWER CONSTANCY; FORAGING BEHAVIOUR; HOVERFLY; POLLINATOR;

DIPTERA; EPISYRPHUS BALTEATUS; SYRPHIDAE; SYRPHUS RIBESII;

EID: 0031819415     PISSN: 10452249     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/beheco/9.3.213     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Affre L, Thompson JD, Debussche M, 1995. The reproductive biology of the Mediterranean endemic Cyclamen balearicum Wilk. (Primulaceae). Bot J Linn Soc 118:309-330.
2. Arruda VLVD, Sazima M, 1996. Flowers visited by syrphids (Diptera: Syrphidae) in a mesophilous forest in Campinas, SP. Revista Brasileira de Botanica 19:109-117.
3. Barth FG, 1985. Insects and flowers, the biology of a partnership. London: George Allen and Unwin.
4. Conner JK, Rush S, 1996. Effects of flower size and number on pollinator visitation to wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum. Oecologia 105:509-516.
5. Cresswell JE, Galen C, 1991. Frequency-dependent selection and adaptive surfaces for floral character combinations: the pollination of Polemonium viscosum. Am Nat 138:1342-1353.
6. Darwin C, 1876. The Effects of Cross- and Self-Fertilization in the Animal Kingdom. London: Murray.
7. De Los Mozos Pascual M, Domingo LM, 1991. Flower constancy in Heliotaurus ruficollis (Fabricius 1781), Coleoptera, Alleculidae. Elytron (Bare) 5:9-12.
8. Dukas R, Real LA, 1993. Learning constraints and floral choice behaviour in bumble bees. Anim Behav 46:637-644.
9. Epperson BK, Clegg MT, 1987. Frequency-dependent variation for outcrossing rate among flower-color morphs of Ipomoea purpurea. Evolution 41:1302-1311.
10. Gegear RJ, Laverty TM, 1995. Effect of flower complexity on relearning flower-handling skills in bumblebees. Can J Zool 73:2052-2058.
11. Gilbert FS, 1981. Foraging ecology of hoverflies: morphology of the mouthparts in relation to feeding on nectar and pollen in some common urban species. Ecol Entomol 6:245-262.
12. Gilbert FS, 1983. The foraging ecology of hoverflies (diptera, syrphidae) - circular movements on composite flowers. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 13:253-257.
13. Goulson D, 1994. A model to predict the role of flower constancy in inter-specific competition between insect pollinated flowers. J Theor Biol 168:309-314.
14. Goulson D, Gory JS, 1993. Flower constancy and learning in the foraging behaviour of the green-veined white butterfly, Pieris napi. Ecol Entomol 18:315-320.
15. Goulson D, Jerrim K, 1997. Maintenance of the species boundary between Silene dioica and S. latifolia (red and white campion). Oikos 78:254-266.
16. Goulson D, Ollerton J, Sluman C, 1997a. Foraging strategies in the small skipper butterfly, Thymelicus flavus; when to switch? Anim Behav 53:1009-1016.
17. Goulson D, Stout JC, Hawson SA, 1997b. Can flower constancy in nectaring butterflies be explained by Darwin's interference hypothesis? Oecologia 112:225-231.
18. Grant V, 1993. Origins of floral isolation between ornithophilous and sphingophilous plant species. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:7729-7733.
19. Heinrich B, Mudge PR, Deringis PG, 1977. Laboratory analysis of flower constancy in foraging bumblebees: Bombus ternarius and B. terricola. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2:247-265.
20. Kampny CM, 1995. Pollination and flower diversity in Scrophulariaceae. Bot Rev 61:350-366.
21. Kato M, 1996. Plant-pollinator interactions in the understory of a low-land mixed dipterocarp forest in Sarawak. Am J Bot 83:732-743.
22. Kay QON, 1976. Preferential pollination of yellow-flowered morphs of Raphanus raphanistrum by Pieris and Eristalis spp. Nature 261:230-232.
23. Kunin WE, 1993. Sex and the single mustard: population density and pollinator behaviour effects on seed set. Ecology 74:2145-2160.
24. Laverty TM, 1994a. Bumble bee learning and flower morphology. Anim Behav 47:531-545.
25. Laverty TM, 1994b. Costs to foraging bumble bees of switching plant species. Can J Zool 72:43-47.
26. Leereveld H, 1982. Anthecological relations between reputedly anemophilous flowers and syrphid flies. HI. Worldwide survey of crop and intestine contents of certain anemophilous syrphid flies. Tijdschrift Entomol 125: 25-35.
27. Leereveld H, 1984. Anthecological relations between reputedly anemophilous flowers and syrphid flies. VI. Aspects of the anthecology of Cyperaceae and Sparganium erectum L. Acta Bot Neerland 33:475-482.
28. Levin DA, 1970. Phenotypic dimorphism and populational fitness in Phlox. Evolution 24:128-134.
29. Levin DA, 1972. Low frequency disadvantage in the exploitation of pollinators by corolla variants in Phlox. Am Nat 106:453-460.
30. Levin DA, 1978. Pollinator behaviour and the breeding structure of plant populations. In: The pollination of flowers by insects (Richards AJ, ed). London: Academic Press; 133-150.
31. Lewis AC, 1986. Memory constraints and flower choice in Pieris rapae. Science 232:863-865.
32. Lewis AC, 1989. Flower visit consistency in Pieris rapae, the cabbage butterfly. J Anim Ecol 58:1-13.
33. Lewis AC, 1993. Learning and the evolution of resources: pollinators and flower morphology. In: Insect learning: ecology and evolutionary perspectives (Papaj DR, Lewis AC, eds). London: Chapman & Hall; 219-242.
34. Lewis AC, Lipani GA, 1990. Learning and flower use in butterflies: hypotheses from honey bees. In: Insect-plant interactions, vol II (Bernays EA, ed). Boca Raton: CRC Press; 95-110.
35. Lunau K, 1993. Interspecific diversity and uniformity of flower colour patterns as cues for learned discrimination and innate detection of flowers. Experientia 49: 1002-1010.
36. Lunau K, Wacht S, 1994. Optical releasers of the innate proboscis extension in the hoverfly Eristalis tenax L. (Syrphidae, Diptera). J Comp Physiol A 174:575-579.
37. Mackay DA, 1985. Prealighting search behaviour and host plant selection by ovipositing Euphydryas editha butterflies. Ecology 66:142-151.
38. McCullagh P, Nelder JA, 1989. Generalized linear models. London: Chapman & Hall.
39. McGuire AD, Armbruster WS, 1991. An experimental test for reproductive interactions between two sequentially blooming Saxifraga spp. (Saxifragaceae). Am J Bot 78:214-219.
40. Olesen JM, Warncke E, 1989. Temporal changes in pollen flow and neighbourhood structure in a population of Saxifraga hirculus L. Oecologia 79: 205-211.
41. Oster G, Heinrich B, 1976. Why do bumblebees major? A mathematical model. Ecol Monogr 46:129-133.
42. Parmenter L, 1956. Flies and their selection of the flowers they visit. Entomol Rec J Var 68:242-243.
43. Pollard E, 1971. Hedges. VI. Habitat diversity and crop pests: a study of Brevicoryne brassicae and its syrphid predators. J Appl Ecol 8:751-780.
44. Proctor M, Yeo P, 1976. Pollination of flowers. London: William Collins.
45. Real LA, 1981. Uncertainty and pollinator-plant interactions: the foraging behaviour of bees and wasps on artificial flowers. Ecology 62: 20-26.
46. Smithson A, Macnair MR, 1997. Density dependent and frequency dependent selection by bumblebees Bombus terrestris (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Biol J Linn Soc. 60:401-407.
47. Stanton ML, 1987. Reproductive biology of petal color variants in wild populations of Raphanus sativus: I. Pollinator responses to colour morphs. Am J Bot 74:178-187.
48. Sugiura N, 1996. Pollination of the orchid Epipactis thunbergii by syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Ecol Res 11:249-255.
49. Waser NM, 1986. Flower constancy; definition, cause and measurement. Am Nat 127: 593-603.
50. Waser NM, Price MV, 1981. Pollinator choices and stabilizing selection for flower colour in Delphinium nelsonii. Evolution 35:376-390.
51. Waser NM, Price MV, 1983. Pollinator behaviour and natural selection for flower colour in Delphinium nelsonii. Nature 302:422-424.
52. Wells H, Wells PH, 1983. Honeybee foraging ecology: optimal diet, minimal uncertainty or individual constancy? J Anim Ecol 52:829-836.
53. Wells H, Wells PH, 1986. Optimal diet, minimal uncertainty and individual constancy in the foraging of honeybees, Apis mellifera. J Anim Ecol 55:881-891.
54. Wells H, Hill PS, Wells PH, 1992. Nectarivore foraging ecology-rewards differing in sugar types. Ecol Entomol 17:280-288.
55. Wilson P, Stine M, 1996. Floral constancy in bumble bees - handling efficiency or perceptual conditioning. Oecologia 106:493-499.
56. Woodward GL, Laverty TM, 1992. Recall of flower handling skills by bumble bees: a test of Darwin's interference hypothesis. Anim Behav 44:1045-1051.