Men's and women's experiences with HIV and stigma in Swaziland

Qualitative Health Research

Volumn 19, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 1678-1689

  Shamos, Sara ^a   Hartwig, Kari A ^b   Zindela, Nomsa ^c  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Africa; Experiences; Gender; HIV AIDS; Illness and disease; Stigma

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FAMILY RELATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MALE; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESIDENTIAL AREA; SEMI STRUCTURED INTERVIEW; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STIGMA; SWAZILAND; WORKPLACE;

ADULT; FAMILY RELATIONS; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; PREJUDICE; SEX FACTORS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SWAZILAND; WORKPLACE;

EID: 72349096959     PISSN: 10497323     EISSN: 15527557     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1049732309353910     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Alonzo, A., & Reynolds, N. (1995). Stigma, HIV and AIDS: An exploration and elaboration of a stigma trajectory. Social Science and Medicine, 41, 303-315.
2. Bharat, S., & Aggleton, P. (1999). Facing the challenge: Household responses to HIV/AIDS in Mumbai, India. AIDS Care, 11, 31-44.
3. Bond, V., Chase, E., & Aggleton, P. (2002). Stigma, HIV/AIDS and prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Zambia. Evaluation and Program Planning, 25, 347-356.
4. Brown, L., Macintyre, K., & Trujillo, L. (2003). Interventions to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma: What have we learned ? AIDS Education and Prevention, 15, 49-69.
5. Buseh, A., Glass, L., & McElmurry, B. (2002). Cultural and gender issues related to HIV/AIDS prevention in rural Swaziland: A focus group analysis. Health Care for Women International, 23, 173-184.
6. Campbell, C., & Deacon, H. (2006). Unraveling the contexts of stigma: From internalisation to resistance to change. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 16, 411-417.
7. Castro, A., & Farmer, P. (2005). Understanding and addressing AIDS-related stigma: From anthropological theory to clinical practice in Haiti. American Journal of Public Health, 95, 53-59.
8. Deacon, H. (2006). Towards a sustainable theory of health-related stigma: Lessons from the HIV/AIDS literature. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 16, 418-425.
9. Deribe, K., Woldemichael, K., Wondafrash, M., Haile, A., & Amberbir, A. (2008). Disclosure experience and associated factors among HIV positive men and women clinical service users in southwest Ethiopia. BMC Public Health, 8 ( 81 ).
10. Dlamini, P., Kohi, T., Uys, L., Phetlhu R., Chirwa, M., Naidoo, J., et al. (2007). Verbal and physical abuse and neglect as manifestations of HIV/AIDS stigma in five African countries. Public Health Nursing, 24 (5). 389-399.
11. Duffy, L. (2005). Suffering, shame, and silence: The stigma of HIV/AIDS. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 16, 13-20.
12. Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York: Simon & Schuster.
13. Goldin, C. (1994). Stigmatization and AIDS: Critical issues in public health. Social Science and Medicine, 39, 1359-1366.
14. Greeff, M., Phetlhu, R., Makoae, L., Dlamini, P., Holzemer, W., Naidoo, J., et al. (2008). Disclosure of HIV status: Experiences and perceptions of persons living with HIV/AIDS and nurses involved in their care in Africa. Qualitative Health Research, 18, 311-324.
15. Herek, G. (2002). Thinking about AIDS and stigma: A psychologist's perspective. Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics, 30, 594-607.
16. Hinsen Langford, C., Bowsher, J., Maloney, J., & Lillis, P. (1997). Social support: A conceptual analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25, 95-100.
17. Holzemer, W., Uys, L., Makoae, L., Stewart, A., Phetlhu, R. Dlamini, P., et al. (2007). A conceptual model of HIV/AIDS stigma from five African countries. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 58 (6). 541-551.
18. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. (2003, December). Stigma and discrimination fact sheet. Retrieved November 30, 2006, from http://www.unaids.org
19. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV / Aids. (2008). Epidemiological fact sheet on HIV and AIDS Swaziland. Retrieved October 30, 2008, from http://www.who.int/globalatlas/predefinedReports/EFS2008/full/EFS2008-SZ.pdf
20. Jones, E., Farina, A., Hastorf, A., Markus, H., Miller, D.T., & Scott, R. (1984). Social stigma: The psychology of marked relationships. New York: Freeman.
21. Kohi, T., Makoae, L., Chirwa, M., Holzemer, W., Phetlhu, D., Uys., L., et al. (2006). HIV and AIDS stigma violates human rights in five African countries. Nursing Ethics, 13 (4). 404-415.
22. Krippendorf, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
23. Link, B., & Phelan, J. (2001). Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 363-385.
24. Malcolm, A., Aggleton, P., Bronfman, M., Galvao, J., Mane, P., & Verrall, J. (1998). HIV-related stigmatization and discrimination: Its forms and contexts. Critical Public Health, 8, 347-366.
25. McLeroy, K., Bibeau, D., Steckler, A., & Glanz, K. (1988). An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Education Quarterly, 15, 351-377.
26. Miller, A., & Rubin D. (2007). Factors leading to self-disclosure of a positive HIV diagnosis in Nairobi, Kenya: People living with HIV/AIDS in the sub-Sahara. Qualitative Health Research, 17, 586-598.
27. Nachega, J., Lehman, D., Hlatshwayo, D., Mothopeng, R., Chaisson, R., Karstaedt, A.S., et al. (2005). HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral treatment knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices in HIV-infected adults in Soweto, South Africa. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 38, 196-201.
28. Ndinda, C., Chimbwete, C., McGrath, N., Pool, R., & MDP Group. (2007). Community attitudes towards individuals living with HIV in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. AIDS Care, 19, 92-101.
29. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2009). Gender equality and social institutions in Swaziland. Retrieved June 10, 2009, from the Social Institutions and Gender Index Web site at http://genderindex.org/ country/swaziland
30. Parker, R., & Aggleton, P. (2003). HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: A conceptual framework and implications for action. Social Science and Medicine, 57, 13-24.
31. Scrambler, G., & Hopkins, A. (1986). Being epileptic, coming to terms with stigma. Sociology of Health and Illness, 8, 26-43.
32. Skogmar, S., Shakely, D., Lans, M., Danell, J., Anderson, R., Tshandu, N., et al. (2006). Effect of antiretroviral treatment and counselling on disclosure of HIV-serostatus in Johannesburg, South Africa. AIDS Care, 18, 725-730.
33. Tanzania Stigma-Indicators Field Test Group. (2005). Measuring HIV stigma: Results of a field test in Tanzania. Working report, Social and Scientific Systems, Synergy Project. Retrieved February 25, 2008, from http://www.popline.org/docs/1655/296275.html
34. Ulin, P., Robinson, E., Tolley, E., & McNeill, E. (2002). Qualitative methods: A field guide for applied research in sexual and reproductive health. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina: Family Health International.
35. United Nations Children's Fund. (2007, October). Violence against children in Swaziland. Retrieved February 24, 2008, from http://www.unicef.org/ swaziland/sz-publications-2007violenceagainstchildren.pdf
36. United Nations Children's Fund. (2008, March). Ten things everyone should know about violence against children and young women in Swaziland. Retrieved May 7, 2009, from http://www.unicef.org/swaziland/sz-media-Ten-Things-2.pdf
37. United Nations Development Programme (2008). Human development reports. Retrieved May 27, 2009, from http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/
38. Uys, L., Chirwa, M., Dlamini, P., Greeff, M., Kohi, T., Holzemer, W., et al. (2005). Eating plastic, winning the lotto, joining the WWW: Descriptions of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 16 (3). 11-21.
39. Visser, M., Makin, J., & Lehobye, K. (2006). Stigmatizing attitudes of the community towards people living with HIV/ AIDS. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 16, 42-58.
40. Warwick, I., Bharat, S., Castro, R., Garcia, R., Leshabari, M., Singhanetra-Renard, A., et al. (1998). Household and community responses to HIV and AIDS in developing countries. Critical Public Health, 8, 311-326.
41. Weiss, M.G., Doongaji, D.R., Siddhartha, S., Wypij, D., Pathare, S., Bhatawdekar, M., et al. (1992). The explanatory model interview catalogue (EMIC). Contribution to cross-cultural research methods from a study of leprosy as mental health. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1601, 819-830.
42. World Bank. (2008). Swaziland: Quick facts. Retrieved May 27, 2009, from devdata.worldbank.org/AAG/swz-aag.pdf
43. World Food Programme (2009). Swaziland. Retrieved May 25, 2009, from http://www.wfp.org/countries/swaziland
44. Zhou, Y. (2008). Endangered womanhood: Women's experiences with HIV/AIDS in China. Qualitative Health Research, 18, 1115-1126.