Effectiveness of pediatric antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 49, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 1915-1927

  Ciaranello, Andrea L ^a   Chang, Yuchiao ^b   Margulis, Andrea V ^c   Bernstein, Adam ^d   Bassett, Ingrid V ^a,b   Losina, Elena ^b,e,f   Walensky, Rochelle P ^a,b,g  

^a Division of Infectious Diseases   (Canada)

^b MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition   (Canada)

^d HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^e Department of Orthopedic Surgery ^*  (Canada)

^f BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CD4 ANTIGEN; EFAVIRENZ; EFAVIRENZ PLUS LAMIVUDINE PLUS ZIDOVUDINE; LAMIVUDINE PLUS NEVIRAPINE PLUS STAVUDINE; LAMIVUDINE PLUS NEVIRAPINE PLUS ZIDOVUDINE; NEVIRAPINE; VIRUS RNA;

ARTICLE; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG EFFICACY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; META ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE; VIRUS INHIBITION;

ADOLESCENT; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; HEALTH RESOURCES; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; RNA, VIRAL;

EID: 72049112823     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/648079     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Resino S, Resino R, Maria Bellon J, et ai. Clinical outcomes improve with highly active antiretroviral therapy in vertically HIV-type 1-infected children. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43:243-252
2. van Rossum AM, Fraaij PL, de Groot R. Efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected children. Lancet Infect Dis 2002; 2:93-102. (Pubitemid 36114143)
3. Gortmaker SL, Hughes M, Cervia J, et al. Effect of combination therapy including protease inhibitors on mortality among children and adolescents infected with HIV-1. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1522-1528 (Pubitemid 33144917)
4. Gibb DM, Duong T, Tookey PA, et al. Decline in mortality, AIDS, and hospital admissions in perinatally HIV-1 infected children in the United Kingdom and Ireland. BMJ 2003; 327:1019.
5. Doerholt K, Duong T, Tookey P, et al. Outcomes for human immunodeficiency virus- 1-infected infants in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006; 25:420-426 (Pubitemid 43755096)
6. Paediatric HIV and treatment of children living with HIV: current and prior treatment guidelines and programmatic scale-up reports. 2009. Available at: http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/paediatric/en/index.html. Accessed 9 June 2009.
7. Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector (progress report). 2008. Available at: http://www.who.int/hiv/ pub/towards-universal-access-report-2008.pdf. Accessed 1 March 2009.
8. O'Brien DP, Sauvageot D, Zachariah R, Humblet P. In resource-limited settings good early outcomes can be achieved in children using adult fixed-dose combination antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2006; 20:1955-1960
9. Puthanakit T, Aurpibul L, Oberdorfer P, et al. Hospitalization and mortality among HIV-infected children after receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44:599-604. (Pubitemid 46233267)
10. George E, Noel F, Bois G, et al. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1-infected children in Haiti. J Infect Dis 2007; 195:1411-1418 (Pubitemid 46717458)
11. Sutcliffe CG, van Dijk JH, Bolton C, Persaud D, Moss WJ. Effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Infect Dis 2008; 8:477-489 (Pubitemid 352005822)
12. World Health Organization. In: Proceedings of consultative meeting on data collection and estimation methods related to HIV infection in infants and children. UNAIDS, 2008.
13. Kids' ART-LINC collaboration. Low risk of death, but substantial program attrition, in pediatric HIV treatment cohorts in sub-Saharan Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008; 49:523-531
14. World economic and financial surveys: World Economic Outlook database-WEO groups and aggregates information. 2008. Available at: http://www.imf.org/ external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/01/weodata/groups.htm#oem. Accessed 1 March 2009.
15. Fassinou P, Elenga N, Rouet F, et al. Highly active antiretroviral therapies among HIV-1-infected children in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. AIDS 2004; 18:1905-1913
16. Lockman S, Shapiro RL, Smeaton LM, et al. Response to antiretroviral therapy after a single, peripartum dose of nevirapine. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:135-147 (Pubitemid 46089674)
17. Guidance on global scale-up of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV 2007. Available at: http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/ pmtct-scaleup2007/en/index.html. Accessed 9 June 2009.
18. De Beaudrap P, Rouet F, Fassinou P, et al. CD4 cell response before and after HAART initiation according to viral load and growth indicators in HIV-1-infected children in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008; 49:70-76
19. Embree J, Bwayo J, Nagelkerke N, et al. Lymphocyte subsets in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected and uninfected children in Nairobi. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001; 20:397-403. (Pubitemid 32294748)
20. WHO child growth standards: length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age: methods and development. 2006. Available at: http://www.who.int/childgrowth/standards/ technical-report/en/index.html. Accessed 1 March 2009.
21. A SAS program for the CDC growth charts. 2008. Available at: http: //www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/growthcharts/resources/sas.html. Accessed 1 March 2009.
22. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Altman DG, eds. Systematic reviews in health care: meta-analysis in context. London: BMJ Publishing Group, 2007.
23. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003; 327:557-560
24. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 2000; 283:2008-2012
25. Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, Olkin I, Rennie D, Stroup DF. Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: the QUOROM statement. Quality of Reporting of Metaanalyses. Lancet 1999; 354:1896-1900
26. Prendergast A, Mphatswe W, Tudor-Williams G, et al. Early virological suppression with three-class antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected African infants. AIDS 2008; 22:1333-1343
27. Janssens B, Raleigh B, Soeung S, et al. Effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive children: evaluation at 12 months in a routine program in Cambodia. Pediatrics 2007; 120:e1134-40.
28. Rouet F, Fassinou P, Inwoley A, et al. Long-term survival and immunovirological response of African HIV-1-infected children to highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens. AIDS 2006; 20:2315-2319 (Pubitemid 44789533)
29. Eley B, Davies MA, Apolles P, et al. Antiretroviral treatment for children. S Afr Med J 2006; 96:988-993
30. Bolton-Moore C, Mubiana-Mbewe M, Cantrell RA, et al. Clinical outcomes and CD4 cell response in children receiving antiretroviral therapy at primary health care facilities in Zambia. JAMA 2007; 298:1888-1899 (Pubitemid 350005233)
31. Kumarasamy N, Venkatesh KK, Devaleenol B, Poongulali S, Mothi SN, Solomon S. Safety, tolerability and effectiveness of generic HAART in HIV-infected children in South India. J Trop Pediatr 2009; 55:155-159
32. Chearskul P, Chokephaibulkit K, Chearskul S, et al. Effect of antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. J Med Assoc Thai 2005; 88(Suppl 8):S221-31. (Pubitemid 43175645)
33. Myung P, Pugatch D, Brady MF, et al. Directly observed highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected children in Cambodia. Am J Public Health 2007; 97:974-977 (Pubitemid 351181915)
34. Ble C, Floridia M, Muhale C, et al. Efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected, institutionalized orphaned children in Tanzania. Acta Paediatr 2007; 96:1090-1094 (Pubitemid 46934464)
35. Kamya MR, Mayanja-Kizza H, Kambugu A, et al. Predictors of longterm viral failure among Ugandan children and adults treated with antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007; 46:187-193 (Pubitemid 47482614)
36. Koekkoek S, Eggermont L, De Sonneville L, et al. Effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on psychomotor performance in children with HIV disease. J Neurol 2006; 253:1615-1624 (Pubitemid 46115444)
37. Zhang F, Haberer JE, Zhao Y, et al. Chinese pediatric highly active antiretroviral therapy observational cohort: a 1-year analysis of clinical, immunologic, and virologic outcomes. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007; 46:594-598 (Pubitemid 350191053)
38. Antiretroviral therapy of HIV infection in infants and children: towards universal access. Recommendations for a public health approach. 2006. Available at: http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/art/en/index.html. Accessed 1 March 2009.
39. Report of the WHO technical reference group Pediatric HIV ART/ Care Guideline Group meeting. 2008. Available at: http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/ paediatric/WHO-Paediatric-ART-guideline-rev-mreport -2008.pdf. Accessed 1 March 2009.
40. Comparison of dual nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor regimens with and without nelfinavir in children with HIV-1 who have not previously been treated: the PENTA 5 randomised trial. Lancet 2002; 359:733-740
41. Gibb DM, Newberry A, Klein N, de Rossi A, Grosch-Woerner I, Babiker A. Immune repopulation after HAART in previously untreated HIV1-infected children. Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) Steering Committee. Lancet 2000; 355:1331-1332 (Pubitemid 30199007)
42. McKinney RE Jr, Rodman J, Hu C, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of a once-daily regimen of emtricitabine, didanosine, and efavirenz in HIV-infected, therapy-naive children and adolescents: Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol P1021. Pediatrics 2007; 120:e416-23.
43. Saez-Llorens X, Violari A, Deetz CO, et al. Forty-eight-week evaluation of lopinavir-ritonavir, a new protease inhibitor, in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22:216-224 (Pubitemid 36351068)
44. Scherpbier HJ, Bekker V, van Leth F, Jurriaans S, Lange JM, Kuijpers TW Long-term experience with combination antiretroviral therapy that contains nelfinavir for up to 7 years in a pediatric cohort. Pediatrics 2006; 117:e528-36.
45. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in pediatric HIV infection. 2008. Available at http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/ PediatricGuidelines.pdf. Accessed 1 March 2009.
46. Funk MB, Linde R, Wintergerst U, et al. Preliminary experiences with triple therapy including nelfinavir and two reverse transcriptase inhibitors in previously untreated HIV-infected children. AIDS 1999; 13: 1653-1658 (Pubitemid 30015712)
47. Ivers LC, Kendrick D, Doucette K. Efficacy of antiretroviral therapy programs in resource-poor settings: a meta-analysis of the published literature. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41:217-224 (Pubitemid 40962502)
48. Benjamin DK Jr, Miller WC, Benjamin DK, et al. A comparison of height and weight velocity as a part of the composite end point in pediatric HIV/AIDS 2003; 17:2331-2336
49. Candiani TM, Pinto J, Cardoso CA, et al. Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the incidence of opportunistic infections, hospitalizations and mortality among children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica 2007; 23(Suppl 3):S414-23.
50. Nesheim SR, Kapogiannis BG, Soe MM, et al. Trends in opportunistic infections in the pre- and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy eras among HIV-infected children in the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study, 1986-2004. Pediatrics 2007; 120:100-109
51. Gona P, Van Dyke RB, Williams PL, et al. Incidence of opportunistic and other infections in HIV-infected children in the HAART era. JAMA 2006; 296:292-300. (Pubitemid 44079313)
52. Arrive E, Kyabayinze DJ, Marquis B, et al. Cohort profile: the paediatric antiretroviral treatment programmes in lower-income countries (KIDS-ART-LINC) collaboration. Int J Epidemiol 2007; 37:474-480 (Pubitemid 351803999)
53. Geng EH, Emenyonu N, Bwana MB, Glidden DV, Martin JN. Sampling-based approach to determining outcomes of patients lost to follow-up in antiretroviral therapy scale-up programs in Africa. JAMA 2008; 300:506-507
54. Yu JK, Chen SC, Wang KY, et al. True outcomes for patients on antiretroviral therapy who are "lost to follow-up" in Malawi. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85:550-554
55. Braitstein P, Brinkhof MW, Dabis F, et al. Mortality of HIV-1-infected patients in the first year of antiretroviral therapy: comparison between low-income and high-income countries. Lancet 2006; 367:817-824