Time-resolved soft X-ray diffraction reveals transient structural distortions of ternary liquid crystals

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Volumn 10, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 4754-4771

  Quevedo, Wilson ^a   Peth, Christian ^b   Busse, Gerhard ^a   Scholz, Mirko ^a   Mann, Klaus ^b   Techert, Simone ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^b LASER LABORATORIUM GÖTTINGEN E V   (Germany)

Author keywords

Liquid crystal; Soft X rays; Time resolved X ray scattering

Indexed keywords

DYE; ETHER DERIVATIVE; FORMAMIDE; GLYCEROL; HEPTAETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOHEXADECYL ETHER; IR 5; PARAFFIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS; ENERGY ABSORPTION; LIQUID CRYSTAL; NEODYMIUM LASER; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; TIME; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

LIQUID CRYSTAL; SOFT X-RAYS; TIME RESOLVED X-RAY SCATTERING;

FORMAMIDES; GLYCEROL; LIQUID CRYSTALS; PARAFFIN; SCATTERING, SMALL ANGLE; TIME FACTORS; X-RAY DIFFRACTION;

EID: 71649088756     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14220067     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijms10114754     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Reinitzer, F. Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Cholesterins. Monatsh. Chem. 1888, 9, 421-441.
2. Laschat, S.; Baro, A.; Steinke, N.; Giesselmann, F.; Hagele, C.; Scalia, G.; Judele, R.; Kapatsina, E.; Sauer, S.; Schreivogel, A.; Tosoni, M. Discotic liquid crystals: From tailor-made synthesis to plastic electronics. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 4832-4887. (Pubitemid 47055951)
3. Goodby, J.W.; Saez, I.M.; Cowling, S.J.; Görtz, V.; Draper, M.; Hall, A.W.; Sia, S.; Cosquer, G.; Lee, S.-E.; Raynes, E.P. Transmission and amplification of information and properties in nanostructured liquid crystals. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 2754-2787.
4. Galazka, V.B. Food Emulsions, 3rd ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, NY, USA, 1997.
5. Boode, K.; Walstra, P.; de Groot-Mostert, A.E.A. Partial coalescence in oil-in-water emulsions 2. Influence of the properties of the fat. Colloids Surf. A 1993, 81, 139-151.
6. Davies, E.; Dickinson, E.; Bee, R. Shear stability of sodium caseinate emulsions containing monoglyceride and triglyceride crystals. Food Hydrocolloids 2000, 14, 145-153.
7. Rao, P.; He, M. Adsorption of anionic and nonionic surfactant mixtures from synthetic detergents on soils. Chemosphere 2006, 63, 1214-1221.
8. Monkiedje, A.; Spiteller, M. Sorptive behavior of the phenylamide fungicides, mefenoxam and metalaxyl, and their acid metabolite in typical Cameroonian and German soils. Chemosphere 2002, 49, 659-668.
9. Cooley, E.T.; Lowery, B.; Kelling, K.A.; Speth, P.E.; Madison, F.W.; Bland, W.L.; Tapsieva, A. Surfactant use to improve soil water distribution and reduce nitrate leaching in potatoes. Soil Sci. 2009, 174, 321-329.
10. Burghardt, M.; Schreiber, L.; Riederer, M. Enhancement of the diffusion of active Ingredients in barley leaf cuticular wax by monodisperse alcohol ethoxylates. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1998, 46, 1593-1602. (Pubitemid 128498811)
11. Kirkwood, R.C. Use and mode of action of adjuvants for herbicides: A review of some current work. Pesticide Sci. 1993, 38, 93-102.
12. Zhang, S. Molecular self-assembly: Another brick in the wall. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2006, 1, 169-170.
13. Reches, M.; Gazit, E. Controlled patterning of aligned self-assembled peptide nanotubes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2006, 1, 195-200.
14. Li, W.Z.; Xie, S.S.; Qian, L.X.; Chang, B.H.; Zou, B.S.; Zhou, W.Y.; Zhao, R.A.; Wang, G. Large-scale synthesis of aligned carbon nanotubes. Science 1996, 274, 1701-1703. (Pubitemid 26414899)
15. De Gennes, P.; Prost, J. The Physics of Liquid Crystals; Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK, 1993.
16. Hillmyer, M.A.; Bates, F.S.; Almdal, K.; Mortensen, K.; Ryan, A.J.; Fairclough, J.P.A. Complex phase behavior in solvent-free nonionic surfactants. Science 1996, 271, 976-978. (Pubitemid 126554909)
17. Funari, S.S.; Holmes, M.C.; Tiddy, G.J.T. Intermediate lyotropic liquid crystal phases in the C16EO6/water system. J. Phys. Chem. 2002, 98, 3015-3023.
18. Brackmann, U. Lamdachrome® Laser Dyes, 2rd ed.; Lambda Physik GmbH: Göttingen, Germany, 1997.
19. Quevedo, W.; Petri, M.; Busse, G.; Techert, S. On the mechanism of photoinduced phase transitions in ternary liquid crystal systems near thermal equilibrium. J. Chem. Phys. 2008, 129, 024502:1-024502:10.
20. Cavalieri, A.L.; Fritz, D.M.; Lee, S.H.; Bucksbaum, P.H.; Reis, D.A.; Rudati, J.; Mills, D.M.; Fuoss, P.H.; Stephenson, G.B.; Kao, C.C.; Siddons, D.P.; Lowney, D.P.; MacPhee, A.G.; Weinstein, D.; Falcone, R.W.; Pahl, R.; Als-Nielsen, J.; Blome, C.; Dusterer, S.; Ischebeck, R.; Schlarb, H.; Schulte-Schrepping, H.; Tschentscher, T.; Schneider, J.; Hignette, O.; Sette, F.; Sokolowski-Tinten, K.; Chapman, H.N.; Lee, R.W.; Hansen, T.N.; Synnergren, O.; Larsson, J.; Techert, S.; Sheppard, J.; Wark, J.S.; Bergh, M.; Caleman, C.; Huldt, G.; van der Spoel, D.; Timneanu, N.; Hajdu, J.; Akre, R.A.; Bong, E.; Emma, P.; Krejcik, P.; Arthur, J.; Brennan, S.; Gaffney, K.J.; Lindenberg, A.M.; Luening, K.; Hastings, J.B. Clocking femtosecond x rays. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 94, 114801:1-114801:4.
21. Rousse, A.; Rischel, C.; Fourmaux, S.; Uschmann, I.; Sebban, S.; Grillon, G.; Balcou, P.; Forster, E.; Geindre, J.P.; Audebert, P.; Gauthier, J.C.; Hulin, D. Non-thermal melting in semiconductors measured at femtosecond resolution. Nature 2001, 410, 65-68. (Pubitemid 32225834)
22. Techert, S.; Schotte, F.; Wulff, M. Picosecond X-ray diffraction probed transient structural changes in organic solids. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2001, 86, 2030-2033. (Pubitemid 32254753)
23. Collet, E.; Lemee-Cailleau, M.H.; Buron-Le Cointe, M.; Cailleau, H.; Wulff, M.; Luty, T.; Koshihara, S.Y.; Meyer, M.; Toupet, L.; Rabiller, P.; Techert, S. Laser-induced ferroelectric structural order in an organic charge-transfer crystal. Science 2003, 300, 612-615. (Pubitemid 36520580)
24. Schotte, F.; Techert, S.; Anfinrud, P.; Srajer, V.; Moffat, K.; Wulff, M. Third Generation Hard Xray Synchrotron Radiation Sources. Wiley-Interscience: London, UK, 2001.
25. Reich, C.; Laperle, C.M.; Li, X.D.; Ahr, B.; Benesch, F.; Rose-Petruck, C.G. Ultrafast X-ray pulses emitted from a liquid mercury laser target. Optics Lett. 2007, 32, 427-429.
26. Witte, H.; Silies, M.; Haarlammert, T.; Hüve, J.; Kutzner, J.; Zacharias, H. Multi-kilohertz, ultrafast hard X-ray Kα source. Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 2008, 90, 11-14.
27. Zepf, M.; Dromey, B.; Landreman, M.; Foster, P.; Hooker, S.M. Bright quasi-phase-matched soft- X-ray harmonic radiation from argon ions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 99, 143901:1-143901:4.
28. Wang, Y.; Granados, E.; Larotonda, M.A.; Berrill, M.; Luther, B.M.; Patel, D.; Menoni, C.S.; Rocca, J.J. High-brightness injection-seeded soft-X-ray-laser amplifier using a solid target. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 97, 123901:1-123901:4.
29. Takman, P.A.C.; Stollberg, H.; Johansson, G.A.; Holmberg, A.; Lindblom, M.; Hertz, H.M. Highresolution compact X-ray microscopy. J. Microscopy 2007, 226, 175-181.
30. Sandberg, R.L.; Paul, A.; Raymondson, D.A.; Hadrich, S.; Gaudiosi, D.M.; Holtsnider, J.; Tobey, R.I.; Cohen, O.; Murnane, M.M.; Kapteyn, H.C.; Song, C.; Miao, J.; Liu, Y.; Salmassi, F. Lensless diffractive imaging using tabletop coherent high-harmonic soft-X-ray beams. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 99, 098103:1-098103:4. (Pubitemid 47357779)
31. Kondo, H.; Tomie, T.; Shimizu, H. Time of flight photoelectron spectroscopy with a laser-plasma X-ray source. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1996, 69, 182-184. (Pubitemid 126622233)
32. Vogt, U.; Wilhein, T.; Stiel, H.; Legall, H. High resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy using a laser plasma radiation source. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2004, 75, 4606-4609. (Pubitemid 40001776)
33. Forster, S.; Timmann, A.; Schellbach, C.; Fromsdorf, A.; Kornowski, A.; Weller, H.; Roth, S.V.; Lindner, P. Order causes secondary Bragg peaks in soft materials. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 888-893. (Pubitemid 350050586)
34. Liu, T.B.; Burger, C.; Chu, B. Nanofabrication in polymer matrices. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2003, 28, 5-26.
35. de Gennes, P. Conjectures sur l'état smectique J. Phys. C 1969, 30, 65-71.
36. Mangalampalli, S.; Clark, N.A.; Scott, J.F. Dynamic bending rigidity of surfactant layers in swollen lyotropic lamellar liquid-crystal phases. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1991, 67, 2303-2306.
37. Lepesant, J.P.; Powers, L.; Pershan, P.S. Brillouin light scattering measurement of the elastic properties of aligned multilamella lipid samples. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1978, 75, 1792-1795.
38. Kabsch, W. Automatic indexing of rotation diffraction patterns. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1988, 21, 67-71.