Recent insights in the epidemiology of autoimmune diseases: Improved prevalence estimates and understanding of clustering of diseases

Journal of Autoimmunity

Volumn 33, Issue 3-4, 2009, Pages 197-207

  Cooper, Glinda S ^a,b   Bynum, Milele L K ^c   Somers, Emily C ^d  

^a GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

^c SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS INC   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

Autoiummune disease; Comorbidity; Disease burden; Epidemiology; Prevalence

Indexed keywords

ADDISON DISEASE; ALOPECIA; ARTICLE; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; BIOGEOGRAPHIC REGION; CELIAC DISEASE; CHRONIC ACTIVE HEPATITIS; COMORBIDITY; CROHN DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; HUMAN; HYPERTHYROIDISM; HYPOTHYROIDISM; IRIDOCYCLITIS; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; MYASTHENIA GRAVIS; PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSORIASIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; RHEUMATIC POLYMYALGIA; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SJOEGREN SYNDROME; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS; SYSTEMIC VASCULITIS; ULCERATIVE COLITIS; VITILIGO; WEGENER GRANULOMATOSIS;

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; COMORBIDITY; HUMANS; PREVALENCE;

EID: 71649086164     PISSN: 08968411     EISSN: 10959157     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.09.008     Document Type: Article

References (179)

1. Jacobson D.L., Gange S.J., Rose N.R., and Graham N.M. Epidemiology and estimated population burden of selected autoimmune diseases in the United States. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 84 (1997) 223-243
2. Eaton W.W., Rose N.R., Kalaydjian A., Pedersen M.G., and Mortensen P.B. Epidemiology of autoimmune diseases in Denmark. J Autoimmun 29 (2007) 1-9
3. Walsh S.J., and Rau L.M. Autoimmune diseases: a leading cause of death among young and middle-aged women in the United States. Am J Public Health 90 (2000) 1463-1466
4. Kong M.F., and Jeffcoate W. Eighty-six cases of Addison's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 41 (1994) 757-761
5. Lovas K., and Husebye E.S. High prevalence and increasing incidence of Addison's disease in western Norway. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 56 (2002) 787-791
6. Laureti S. Is the prevalence of Addison's disease underestimated?. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84 (1999) 1762
7. Safavi K.H., Muller S.A., Suman V.J., Moshell A.N., and Melton L.J. 3rd. Incidence of alopecia areata in Olmsted county, Minnesota, 1975 through 1989. Mayo Clin Proc 70 (1995) 628-633
8. Roka V., Potamianos S.P., Kapsoritakis A.N., Yiannaki E.E., Koukoulis G.N., Stefanidis I., et al. Prevalence of coeliac disease in the adult population of central Greece. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 19 (2007) 982-987
9. Schweizer J.J., von Blomberg B.M., Bueno-de Mesquita H.B., and Mearin M.L. Coeliac disease in The Netherlands. Scand J Gastroenterol 39 (2004) 359-364
10. Johannsson G.F., Kristjansson G., Cariglia N., and Thorsteinsson V. The prevalence of celiac disease in blood donors in Iceland. Dig Dis Sci 54 (2009) 348-350
11. Menardo G., Brizzolara R., Bonassi S., Marchetti A., Dante G.L., Pistone C., et al. Population screening for coeliac disease in a low prevalence area in Italy. Scand J Gastroenterol 41 (2006) 1414-1420
12. Lohi S., Mustalahti K., Kaukinen K., Laurila K., Collin P., Rissanen H., et al. Increasing prevalence of coeliac disease over time. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 26 (2007) 1217-1225
13. Akbari M.R., Mohammadkhani A., Fakheri H., Javad Zahedi M., Shahbazkhani B., Nouraie M., et al. Screening of the adult population in Iran for coeliac disease: comparison of the tissue-transglutaminase antibody and anti-endomysial antibody tests. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 18 (2006) 1181-1186
14. Bdioui F., Sakly N., Hassine M., and Saffar H. Prevalence of celiac disease in Tunisian blood donors. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 30 (2006) 33-36
15. Mankai A., Landolsi H., Chahed A., Gueddah L., Limem M., Ben Abdessalem M., et al. Celiac disease in Tunisia: serological screening in healthy blood donors. Pathol Biol (Paris) 54 (2006) 10-13
16. Gomez J.C., Selvaggio G.S., Viola M., Pizarro B., la Motta G., de Barrio S., et al. Prevalence of celiac disease in Argentina: screening of an adult population in the La Plata area. Am J Gastroenterol 96 (2001) 2700-2704
17. Oliveira R.P., Sdepanian V.L., Barreto J.A., Cortez A.J., Carvalho F.O., Bordin J.O., et al. High prevalence of celiac disease in Brazilian blood donor volunteers based on screening by IgA antitissue transglutaminase antibody. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 19 (2007) 43-49
18. Gursoy S., Guven K., Simsek T., Yurci A., Torun E., Koc N., et al. The prevalence of unrecognized adult celiac disease in Central Anatolia. J Clin Gastroenterol 39 (2005) 508-511
19. Lakatos L., Mester G., Erdelyi Z., Balogh M., Szipocs I., Kamaras G., et al. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases in Veszprem county of Western Hungary between 1977 and 2001. Orv Hetil 144 (2003) 1819-1827
20. Pavlovic-Calic N., Salkic N.N., Gegic A., Smajic M., and Alibegovic E. Crohn's disease in Tuzla region of Bosnia and Herzegovina: a 12-year study (1995-2006). Int J Colorectal Dis 23 (2008) 957-964
21. Herrinton L.J., Liu L., Lewis J.D., Griffin P.M., and Allison J. Incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in a Northern California managed care organization, 1996-2002. Am J Gastroenterol 103 (2008) 1998-2006
22. Kappelman M.D., Rifas-Shiman S.L., Kleinman K., Ollendorf D., Bousvaros A., Grand R.J., et al. The prevalence and geographic distribution of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 5 (2007) 1424-1429
23. Loftus C.G., Loftus Jr. E.V., Harmsen W.S., Zinsmeister A.R., Tremaine W.J., Melton III L.J., et al. Update on the incidence and prevalence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1940-2000. Inflamm Bowel Dis 13 (2007) 254-261
24. Costas Armada P., Garcia-Mayor R.V., Larranaga A., and Seguin P. Prevalence and incidence of Crohn's disease in Galicia, Spain. Med Clin (Barc) 130 (2008) 715
25. Jacobsen B.A., Fallingborg J., Rasmussen H.H., Nielsen K.R., Drewes A.M., Puho E., et al. Increase in incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in northern Denmark: a population-based study, 1978-2002. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 18 (2006) 601-606
26. Gearry R.B., Richardson A., Frampton C.M., Collett J.A., Burt M.J., Chapman B.A., et al. High incidence of Crohn's disease in Canterbury, New Zealand: results of an epidemiologic study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 12 (2006) 936-943
27. Appleyard C.B., Hernandez G., and Rios-Bedoya C.F. Basic epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Puerto Rico. Inflamm Bowel Dis 10 (2004) 106-111
28. Hilmi I., Tan Y.M., and Goh K.L. Crohn's disease in adults: observations in a multiracial Asian population. World J Gastroenterol 12 (2006) 1435-1438
29. Abdul-Baki H., ElHajj I., El-Zahabi L.M., Azar C., Aoun E., Zantout H., et al. Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Lebanon. Inflamm Bowel Dis 13 (2007) 475-480
30. Zvidi I., Hazazi R., Birkenfeld S., and Niv Y. The prevalence of Crohn's disease in Israel: a 20-year survey. Dig Dis Sci 54 (2009) 848-852
31. Ostrauskas R. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus among adolescents and adults in Lithuania during 1991-2004. Medicina (Kaunas) 43 (2007) 242-250
32. Forouhi N.G., Merrick D., Goyder E., Ferguson B.A., Abbas J., Lachowycz K., et al. Diabetes prevalence in England, 2001 - estimates from an epidemiological model. Diabet Med 23 (2006) 189-197
33. Jansson S.P., Andersson D.K., and Svardsudd K. Prevalence and incidence rate of diabetes mellitus in a Swedish community during 30 years of follow-up. Diabetologia 50 (2007) 703-710
34. Knox S.A., Harrison C.M., Britt H.C., and Henderson J.V. Estimating prevalence of common chronic morbidities in Australia. Med J Aust 189 (2008) 66-70
35. Bahillo M.P., Hermoso F., Ochoa C., Garcia-Fernandez J.A., Rodrigo J., Marugan J.M., et al. Incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes in children aged <15 yr in Castilla-Leon (Spain). Pediatr Diabetes 8 (2007) 369-373
36. Rosenbauer J., Icks A., and Giani G. Incidence and prevalence of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in Germany - model-based national estimates. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 15 (2002) 1497-1504
37. Duncan G.E. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose levels among US adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 160 (2006) 523-528
38. Wu D., Kendall D., Lunt H., Willis J., Darlow B., and Frampton C. Prevalence of Type 1 diabetes in New Zealanders aged 0-24 years. NZ Med J 118 (2005) U1557
39. Moore K.R., Harwell T.S., McDowall J.M., Helgerson S.D., and Gohdes D. Three-year prevalence and incidence of diabetes among American Indian youth in Montana and Wyoming, 1999 to 2001. J Pediatr 143 (2003) 368-371
40. Peter S.A., Johnson R., Taylor C., Hanna A., Roberts P., McNeil P., et al. The incidence and prevalence of type-1 diabetes mellitus. J Natl Med Assoc 97 (2005) 250-252
41. Al-Herbish A.S., El-Mouzan M.I., Al-Salloum A.A., Al-Qurachi M.M., and Al-Omar A.A. Prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabian children and adolescents. Saudi Med J 29 (2008) 1285-1288
42. Moussa M.A., Alsaeid M., Abdella N., Refai T.M., Al-Sheikh N., and Gomez J.E. Prevalence of type 1 diabetes among 6- to 18-year-old Kuwaiti children. Med Princ Pract 14 (2005) 87-91
43. Primo J., Merino C., Fernandez J., Moles J.R., Llorca P., and Hinojosa J. [Incidence and prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis in the area of the Hospital de Sagunto (Spain)]. Gastroenterol Hepatol 27 (2004) 239-243
44. Werner M., Prytz H., Ohlsson B., Almer S., Bjornsson E., Bergquist A., et al. Epidemiology and the initial presentation of autoimmune hepatitis in Sweden: a nationwide study. Scand J Gastroenterol 43 (2008) 1232-1240
45. Boberg K.M., Aadland E., Jahnsen J., Raknerud N., Stiris M., and Bell H. Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis in a Norwegian population. Scand J Gastroenterol 33 (1998) 99-103
46. Hurlburt K.J., McMahon B.J., Deubner H., Hsu-Trawinski B., Williams J.L., and Kowdley K.V. Prevalence of autoimmune liver disease in Alaska Natives. Am J Gastroenterol 97 (2002) 2402-2407
47. Lee Y.M., Teo E.K., Ng T.M., Khor C., and Fock K.M. Autoimmune hepatitis in Singapore: a rare syndrome affecting middle-aged women. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 16 (2001) 1384-1389
48. Rautiainen H., Salomaa V., Niemela S., Karvonen A.L., Nurmi H., Isoniemi H., et al. Prevalence and incidence of primary biliary cirrhosis are increasing in Finland. Scand J Gastroenterol 42 (2007) 1347-1353
49. Pla X., Vergara M., Gil M., Dalmau B., Cistero B., Bella R.M., et al. Incidence, prevalence and clinical course of primary biliary cirrhosis in a Spanish community. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 19 (2007) 859-864
50. James O.F., Bhopal R., Howel D., Gray J., Burt A.D., and Metcalf J.V. Primary biliary cirrhosis once rare, now common in the United Kingdom?. Hepatology 30 (1999) 390-394
51. Kim W.R., Lindor K.D., Locke III G.R., Therneau T.M., Homburger H.A., Batts K.P., et al. Epidemiology and natural history of primary biliary cirrhosis in a US community. Gastroenterology 119 (2000) 1631-1636
52. Sood S., Gow P.J., Christie J.M., and Angus P.W. Epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis in Victoria, Australia: high prevalence in migrant populations. Gastroenterology 127 (2004) 470-475
53. Delgado J., Sperber A.D., Novack V., Delgado B., Edelman L., Gaspar N., et al. The epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis in southern Israel. Isr Med Assoc J 7 (2005) 717-721
54. Hollowell J.G., Staehling N.W., Flanders W.D., Hannon W.H., Gunter E.W., Spencer C.A., et al. Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87 (2002) 489-499
55. Flynn R.W., MacDonald T.M., Morris A.D., Jung R.T., and Leese G.P. The thyroid epidemiology, audit, and research study: thyroid dysfunction in the general population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 (2004) 3879-3884
56. Heydarian P., Ordookhani A., and Azizi F. Goiter rate, serum thyrotropin, thyroid autoantibodies and urinary iodine concentration in Tehranian adults before and after national salt iodization. J Endocrinol Invest 30 (2007) 404-410
57. Mayr W.T., Pittock S.J., McClelland R.L., Jorgensen N.W., Noseworthy J.H., and Rodriguez M. Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1985-2000. Neurology 61 (2003) 1373-1377
58. Hader W.J., and Yee I.M. Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Neurology 69 (2007) 1224-1229
59. Warren S.A., Svenson L.W., and Warren K.G. Contribution of incidence to increasing prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Alberta, Canada. Mult Scler 14 (2008) 872-879
60. Svenson L.W., Warren S., Warren K.G., Metz L.M., Patten S.B., and Schopflocher D.P. Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in First Nations people of Alberta. Can J Neurol Sci 34 (2007) 175-180
61. Granieri E., Economou N.T., De Gennaro R., Tola M.R., Caniatti L., Govoni V., et al. Multiple sclerosis in the province of Ferrara: evidence for an increasing trend. J Neurol 254 (2007) 1642-1648
62. Granieri E., Monaldini C., De Gennaro R., Guttmann S., Volpini M., Stumpo M., et al. Multiple sclerosis in the Republic of San Marino: a prevalence and incidence study. Mult Scler 14 (2008) 325-329
63. Grimaldi L.M., Palmeri B., Salemi G., Giglia G., D'Amelio M., Grimaldi R., et al. High prevalence and fast rising incidence of multiple sclerosis in Caltanissetta, Sicily, southern Italy. Neuroepidemiology 28 (2007) 28-32
64. Iuliano G., and Napoletano R. Prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis in Salerno (southern Italy) and its province. Eur J Neurol 15 (2008) 73-76
65. Papathanasopoulos P., Gourzoulidou E., Messinis L., Georgiou V., and Leotsinidis M. Prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis in western Greece: a 23-year survey. Neuroepidemiology 30 (2008) 167-173
66. Debouverie M., Pittion-Vouyovitch S., Louis S., Roederer T., and Guillemin F. Increasing incidence of multiple sclerosis among women in Lorraine, Eastern France. Mult Scler 13 (2007) 962-967
67. Gray O.M., McDonnell G.V., and Hawkins S.A. Factors in the rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the north-east of Ireland. Mult Scler 14 (2008) 880-886
68. McGuigan C., McCarthy A., Quigley C., Bannan L., Hawkins S.A., and Hutchinson M. Latitudinal variation in the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Ireland, an effect of genetic diversity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75 (2004) 572-576
69. Dahl O.P., Aarseth J.H., Myhr K.M., Nyland H., and Midgard R. Multiple sclerosis in Nord-Trondelag County, Norway: a prevalence and incidence study. Acta Neurol Scand 109 (2004) 378-384
70. De Sa J., Paulos A., Mendes H., Becho J., Marques J., and Roxo J. The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the District of Santarem, Portugal. J Neurol 253 (2006) 914-918
71. Chancellor A.M., Addidle M., and Dawson K. Multiple sclerosis is more prevalent in northern New Zealand than previously reported. Intern Med J 33 (2003) 79-83
72. Toro J., Sarmiento O.L., Diaz del Castillo A., Satizabal C.L., Ramirez J.D., Montenegro A.C., et al. Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Bogota, Colombia. Neuroepidemiology 28 (2007) 33-38
73. Callegaro D., Goldbaum M., Morais L., Tilbery C.P., Moreira M.A., Gabbai A.A., et al. The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1997. Acta Neurol Scand 104 (2001) 208-213
74. Cristiano E., Patrucco L., Rojas J.I., Caceres F., Carra A., Correale J., et al. Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Buenos Aires, Argentina using the capture-recapture method. Eur J Neurol 16 (2009) 183-187
75. Houzen H., Niino M., Hata D., Nakano F., Kikuchi S., Fukazawa T., et al. Increasing prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis in northern Japan. Mult Scler 14 (2008) 887-892
76. Alter M., Kahana E., Zilber N., and Miller A. Multiple sclerosis frequency in Israel's diverse populations. Neurology 66 (2006) 1061-1066
77. Alshubaili A.F., Alramzy K., Ayyad Y.M., and Gerish Y. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Kuwait: new trends in incidence and prevalence. Eur Neurol 53 (2005) 125-131
78. El-Salem K., Al-Shimmery E., Horany K., Al-Refai A., Al-Hayk K., and Khader Y. Multiple sclerosis in Jordan: a clinical and epidemiological study. J Neurol 253 (2006) 1210-1216
79. Etemadifar M., Janghorbani M., Shaygannejad V., and Ashtari F. Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Isfahan, Iran. Neuroepidemiology 27 (2006) 39-44
80. Turk Boru U., Alp R., Sur H., and Gul L. Prevalence of multiple sclerosis door-to-door survey in Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey. Neuroepidemiology 27 (2006) 17-21
81. Oopik M., Kaasik A.E., and Jakobsen J. A population based epidemiological study on myasthenia gravis in Estonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74 (2003) 1638-1643
82. Poulas K., Tsibri E., Kokla A., Papanastasiou D., Tsouloufis T., Marinou M., et al. Epidemiology of seropositive myasthenia gravis in Greece. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 71 (2001) 352-356
83. Zivadinov R., Jurjevic A., Willheim K., Cazzato G., and Zorzon M. Incidence and prevalence of myasthenia gravis in the county of the coast and Gorski kotar, Croatia, 1976 through 1996. Neuroepidemiology 17 (1998) 265-272
84. Kalb B., Matell G., Pirskanen R., and Lambe M. Epidemiology of myasthenia gravis: a population-based study in Stockholm, Sweden. Neuroepidemiology 21 (2002) 221-225
85. Robertson N.P., Deans J., and Compston D.A. Myasthenia gravis: a population based epidemiological study in Cambridgeshire, England. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 65 (1998) 492-496
86. Wirtz P.W., Nijnuis M.G., Sotodeh M., Willems L.N., Brahim J.J., Putter H., et al. The epidemiology of myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and their associated tumours in the northern part of the province of South Holland. J Neurol 250 (2003) 698-701
87. Sanchez J.L., Uribe C.S., Franco A.F., Jimenez M.E., Arcos-Burgos O.M., and Palacio L.G. Prevalence of myasthenia gravis in Antioquia, Colombia. Rev Neurol 34 (2002) 1010-1012
88. Holtsema H., Mourik J., Rico R.E., Falconi J.R., Kuks J.B., and Oosterhuis H.J. Myasthenia gravis on the Dutch antilles: an epidemiological study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 102 (2000) 195-198
89. Doran M.F., Crowson C.S., O'Fallon W.M., Hunder G.G., and Gabriel S.E. Trends in the incidence of polymyalgia rheumatica over a 30 year period in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA. J Rheumatol 29 (2002) 1694-1697
90. Salvarani C., Gabriel S.E., O'Fallon W.M., and Hunder G.G. Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica in Olmsted county, Minnesota, 1970-1991. Arthritis Rheum 38 (1995) 369-373
91. Andrianakos A., Trontzas P., Christoyannis F., Dantis P., Voudouris C., Georgountzos A., et al. Prevalence of rheumatic diseases in Greece: a cross-sectional population based epidemiological study. The ESORDIG Study. J Rheumatol 30 (2003) 1589-1601
92. Gelfand J.M., Weinstein R., Porter S.B., Neimann A.L., Berlin J.A., and Margolis D.J. Prevalence and treatment of psoriasis in the United Kingdom: a population-based study. Arch Dermatol 141 (2005) 1537-1541
93. Shbeeb M., Uramoto K.M., Gibson L.E., O'Fallon W.M., and Gabriel S.E. The epidemiology of psoriatic arthritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA, 1982-1991. J Rheumatol 27 (2000) 1247-1250
94. Alamanos Y., Papadopoulos N.G., Voulgari P.V., Siozos C., Psychos D.N., Tympanidou M., et al. Epidemiology of psoriatic arthritis in northwest Greece, 1982-2001. J Rheumatol 30 (2003) 2641-2644
95. Love T.J., Gudbjornsson B., Gudjonsson J.E., and Valdimarsson H. Psoriatic arthritis in Reykjavik, Iceland: prevalence, demographics, and disease course. J Rheumatol 34 (2007) 2082-2088
96. Madland T.M., Apalset E.M., Johannessen A.E., Rossebo B., and Brun J.G. Prevalence, disease manifestations, and treatment of psoriatic arthritis in Western Norway. J Rheumatol 32 (2005) 1918-1922
97. Pedersen O.B., Svendsen A.J., Ejstrup L., Skytthe A., and Junker P. The occurrence of psoriatic arthritis in Denmark. Ann Rheum Dis 67 (2008) 1422-1426
98. Wilson F.C., Icen M., Crowson C.S., McEvoy M.T., Gabriel S.E., and Kremers H.M. Time trends in epidemiology and characteristics of psoriatic arthritis over 3 decades: a population-based study. J Rheumatol 36 (2009) 361-367
99. Minaur N., Sawyers S., Parker J., and Darmawan J. Rheumatic disease in an Australian Aboriginal community in North Queensland, Australia. A WHO-ILAR COPCORD survey. J Rheumatol 31 (2004) 965-972
100. Guillemin F., Saraux A., Guggenbuhl P., Roux C.H., Fardellone P., Le Bihan E., et al. Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in France: 2001. Ann Rheum Dis 64 (2005) 1427-1430
101. Kiss C.G., Lovei C., Suto G., Varju C., Nagy Z., Fuzesi Z., et al. Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the South-Transdanubian region of Hungary based on a representative survey of 10,000 inhabitants. J Rheumatol 32 (2005) 1688-1690
102. Carmona L., Villaverde V., Hernandez-Garcia C., Ballina J., Gabriel R., and Laffon A. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the general population of Spain. Rheumatology (Oxford) 41 (2002) 88-95
103. Akar S., Birlik M., Gurler O., Sari I., Onen F., Manisali M., et al. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in an urban population of Izmir-Turkey. Clin Exp Rheumatol 22 (2004) 416-420
104. Kacar C., Gilgil E., Tuncer T., Butun B., Urhan S., Arikan V., et al. Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in Antalya, Turkey. Clin Rheumatol 24 (2005) 212-214
105. Symmons D., Turner G., Webb R., Asten P., Barrett E., Lunt M., et al. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the United Kingdom: new estimates for a new century. Rheumatology (Oxford) 41 (2002) 793-800
106. Chaiamnuay P., Darmawan J., Muirden K.D., and Assawatanabodee P. Epidemiology of rheumatic disease in rural Thailand: a WHO-ILAR COPCORD study. community oriented programme for the control of rheumatic disease. J Rheumatol 25 (1998) 1382-1387
107. Dans L.F., Tankeh-Torres S., Amante C.M., and Penserga E.G. The prevalence of rheumatic diseases in a Filipino urban population: a WHO-ILAR COPCORD study. World Health Organization. international league of associations for rheumatology. community oriented programme for the control of the rheumatic diseases. J Rheumatol 24 (1997) 1814-1819
108. Minh Hoa T.T., Darmawan J., Chen S.L., Van Hung N., Thi Nhi C., and Ngoc An T. Prevalence of the rheumatic diseases in urban Vietnam: a WHO-ILAR COPCORD study. J Rheumatol 30 (2003) 2252-2256
109. Dai S.M., Han X.H., Zhao D.B., Shi Y.Q., Liu Y., and Meng J.M. Prevalence of rheumatic symptoms, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout in Shanghai, China: a COPCORD study. J Rheumatol 30 (2003) 2245-2251
110. Chopra A., Patil J., Billempelly V., Relwani J., and Tandle H.S. Prevalence of rheumatic diseases in a rural population in western India: a WHO-ILAR COPCORD Study. J Assoc Physicians India 49 (2001) 240-246
111. Spindler A., Bellomio V., Berman A., Lucero E., Baigorria M., Paz S., et al. Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in Tucuman, Argentina. J Rheumatol 29 (2002) 1166-1170
112. Thomas E., Hay E.M., Hajeer A., and Silman A.J. Sjogren's syndrome: a community-based study of prevalence and impact. Br J Rheumatol 37 (1998) 1069-1076
113. Bjerrum K.B. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca and primary Sjogren's syndrome in a Danish population aged 30-60 years. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 75 (1997) 281-286
114. Alamanos Y., Tsifetaki N., Voulgari P.V., Venetsanopoulou A.I., Siozos C., and Drosos A.A. Epidemiology of primary Sjogren's syndrome in north-west Greece, 1982-2003. Rheumatology (Oxford) 45 (2006) 187-191
115. Trontzas P.I., and Andrianakos A.A. Sjogren's syndrome: a population based study of prevalence in Greece. The ESORDIG study. Ann Rheum Dis 64 (2005) 1240-1241
116. Dafni U.G., Tzioufas A.G., Staikos P., Skopouli F.N., and Moutsopoulos H.M. Prevalence of Sjogren's syndrome in a closed rural community. Ann Rheum Dis 56 (1997) 521-525
117. Tomsic M., Logar D., Grmek M., Perkovic T., and Kveder T. Prevalence of Sjogren's syndrome in Slovenia. Rheumatology (Oxford) 38 (1999) 164-170
118. Zhang N.Z., Shi C.S., Yao Q.P., Pan G.X., Wang L.L., Wen Z.X., et al. Prevalence of primary Sjogren's syndrome in China. J Rheumatol 22 (1995) 659-661
119. Kabasakal Y., Kitapcioglu G., Turk T., Oder G., Durusoy R., Mete N., et al. The prevalence of Sjogren's syndrome in adult women. Scand J Rheumatol 35 (2006) 379-383
120. Le Guern V., Mahr A., Mouthon L., Jeanneret D., Carzon M., and Guillevin L. Prevalence of systemic sclerosis in a French multi-ethnic county. Rheumatology (Oxford) 43 (2004) 1129-1137
121. Alamanos Y., Tsifetaki N., Voulgari P.V., Siozos C., Tsamandouraki K., Alexiou G.A., et al. Epidemiology of systemic sclerosis in northwest Greece 1981 to 2002. Semin Arthritis Rheum 34 (2005) 714-720
122. Arias-Nunez M.C., Llorca J., Vazquez-Rodriguez T.R., Gomez-Acebo I., Miranda-Filloy J.A., Martin J., et al. Systemic sclerosis in northwestern Spain: a 19-year epidemiologic study. Medicine (Baltimore) 87 (2008) 272-280
123. Airo P., Tabaglio E., Frassi M., Scarsi M., Danieli E., and Rossi M. Prevalence of systemic sclerosis in Valtrompia in northern Italy. A collaborative study of rheumatologists and general practitioners. Clin Exp Rheumatol 25 (2007) 878-880
124. Mayes M.D., Lacey Jr. J.V., Beebe-Dimmer J., Gillespie B.W., Cooper B., Laing T.J., et al. Prevalence, incidence, survival, and disease characteristics of systemic sclerosis in a large US population. Arthritis Rheum 48 (2003) 2246-2255
125. Robinson Jr. D., Eisenberg D., Nietert P.J., Doyle M., Bala M., Paramore C., et al. Systemic sclerosis prevalence and comorbidities in the US, 2001-2002. Curr Med Res Opin 24 (2008) 1157-1166
126. Arnett F.C., Howard R.F., Tan F., Moulds J.M., Bias W.B., Durban E., et al. Increased prevalence of systemic sclerosis in a Native American tribe in Oklahoma. Association with an Amerindian HLA haplotype. Arthritis Rheum 39 (1996) 1362-1370
127. Roberts-Thomson P.J., Jones M., Hakendorf P., Kencana Dharmapatni A.A., Walker J.G., MacFarlane J.G., et al. Scleroderma in South Australia: epidemiological observations of possible pathogenic significance. Intern Med J 31 (2001) 220-229
128. Chakravarty E.F., Bush T.M., Manzi S., Clarke A.E., and Ward M.M. Prevalence of adult systemic lupus erythematosus in California and Pennsylvania in 2000: estimates obtained using hospitalization data. Arthritis Rheum 56 (2007) 2092-2094
129. Naleway A.L., Davis M.E., Greenlee R.T., Wilson D.A., and McCarty D.J. Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus in rural Wisconsin. Lupus 14 (2005) 862-866
130. Lopez P., Mozo L., Gutierrez C., and Suarez A. Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus in a northern Spanish population: gender and age influence on immunological features. Lupus 12 (2003) 860-865
131. Alamanos Y., Voulgari P.V., Siozos C., Katsimpri P., Tsintzos S., Dimou G., et al. Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus in northwest Greece 1982-2001. J Rheumatol 30 (2003) 731-735
132. Peschken C.A., and Esdaile J.M. Systemic lupus erythematosus in North American Indians: a population based study. J Rheumatol 27 (2000) 1884-1891
133. Al-Arfaj A.S., Al-Balla S.R., Al-Dalaan A.N., Al-Saleh S.S., Bahabri S.A., Mousa M.M., et al. Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in central Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 23 (2002) 87-89
134. Bossingham D. Systemic lupus erythematosus in the far north of Queensland. Lupus 12 (2003) 327-331
135. Mahr A., Guillevin L., Poissonnet M., and Ayme S. Prevalences of polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome in a French urban multiethnic population in 2000: a capture-recapture estimate. Arthritis Rheum 51 (2004) 92-99
136. Watts R.A., Lane S.E., Bentham G., and Scott D.G. Epidemiology of systemic vasculitis: a ten-year study in the United Kingdom. Arthritis Rheum 43 (2000) 414-419
137. Ormerod A.S., and Cook M.C. Epidemiology of primary systemic vasculitis in the Australian Capital Territory and south-eastern New South Wales. Intern Med J 38 (2008) 816-823
138. Haugeberg G., Bie R., Bendvold A., Larsen A.S., and Johnsen V. Primary vasculitis in a Norwegian community hospital: a retrospective study. Clin Rheumatol 17 (1998) 364-368
139. Koldingsnes W., and Nossent H. Epidemiology of Wegener's granulomatosis in northern Norway. Arthritis Rheum 43 (2000) 2481-2487
140. Gibson A., Stamp L.K., Chapman P.T., and O'Donnell J.L. The epidemiology of Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis in a Southern Hemisphere region. Rheumatology (Oxford) 45 (2006) 624-628
141. Gritz D.C., and Wong I.G. Incidence and prevalence of uveitis in Northern California; the Northern California epidemiology of uveitis study. Ophthalmology 111 (2004) 491-500 discussion
142. Suhler E.B., Lloyd M.J., Choi D., Rosenbaum J.T., and Austin D.F. Incidence and prevalence of uveitis in Veterans affairs Medical Centers of the Pacific northwest. Am J Ophthalmol 146 (2008) 890-896 e8
143. Paivonsalo-Hietanen T., Tuominen J., and Saari K.M. Uveitis in children: population-based study in Finland. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 78 (2000) 84-88
144. Dandona L., Dandona R., John R.K., McCarty C.A., and Rao G.N. Population based assessment of uveitis in an urban population in southern India. Br J Ophthalmol 84 (2000) 706-709
145. Lu T., Gao T., Wang A., Jin Y., Li Q., and Li C. Vitiligo prevalence study in Shaanxi province, China. Int J Dermatol 46 (2007) 47-51
146. Somers E.C., Thomas S.L., Smeeth L., and Hall A.J. Are individuals with an autoimmune disease at higher risk of a second autoimmune disorder?. Am J Epidemiol 169 (2009) 749-755
147. Nielsen N.M., Westergaard T., Frisch M., Rostgaard K., Wohlfahrt J., Koch-Henriksen N., et al. Type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis: a Danish population-based cohort study. Arch Neurol 63 (2006) 1001-1004
148. Nielsen N.M., Frisch M., Rostgaard K., Wohlfahrt J., Hjalgrim H., Koch-Henriksen N., et al. Autoimmune diseases in patients with multiple sclerosis and their first-degree relatives: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark. Mult Scler 14 (2008) 823-829
149. Ramagopalan S.V., Dyment D.A., Valdar W., Herrera B.M., Criscuoli M., Yee I.M., et al. Autoimmune disease in families with multiple sclerosis: a population-based study. Lancet Neurol 6 (2007) 604-610
150. Koulentaki M., Koutroubakis I.E., Petinaki E., Tzardi M., Oekonomaki H., Mouzas I., et al. Ulcerative colitis associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 44 (1999) 1953-1956
151. Weng X., Liu L., Barcellos L.F., Allison J.E., and Herrinton L.J. Clustering of inflammatory bowel disease with immune mediated diseases among members of a northern California-managed care organization. Am J Gastroenterol 102 (2007) 1429-1435
152. Cohen R., Robinson Jr. D., Paramore C., Fraeman K., Renahan K., and Bala M. Autoimmune disease concomitance among inflammatory bowel disease patients in the United States, 2001-2002. Inflamm Bowel Dis 14 (2008)
153. Anaya J.M., Gomez L., and Castiblanco J. Is there a common genetic basis for autoimmune diseases?. Clin Dev Immunol 13 (2006) 185-195
154. Cooper G.S., Wither J., McKenzie T., Claudio J.O., Bernatsky S., and Fortin P.R. The prevalence and accuracy of self-reported history of 11 autoimmune diseases. J Rheumatol 35 (2008) 2001-2004
155. Broadley S.A., Deans J., Sawcer S.J., Clayton D., and Compston D.A. Autoimmune disease in first-degree relatives of patients with multiple sclerosis. A UK survey. Brain 123 Pt 6 (2000) 1102-1111
156. Anaya J.M., Castiblanco J., Tobon G.J., Garcia J., Abad V., Cuervo H., et al. Familial clustering of autoimmune diseases in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Autoimmun 26 (2006) 208-214
157. Anaya J.M., Tobon G.J., Vega P., and Castiblanco J. Autoimmune disease aggregation in families with primary Sjogren's syndrome. J Rheumatol 33 (2006) 2227-2234
158. Ginn L.R., Lin J.P., Plotz P.H., Bale S.J., Wilder R.L., Mbauya A., et al. Familial autoimmunity in pedigrees of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy patients suggests common genetic risk factors for many autoimmune diseases. Arthritis Rheum 41 (1998) 400-405
159. Stephen C. Capture-recapture methods in epidemiological studies. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 17 (1996) 262-266
160. Hirst C., Swingler R., Compston D.A., Ben-Shlomo Y., and Robertson N.P. Survival and cause of death in multiple sclerosis: a prospective population-based study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79 (2008) 1016-1021
161. Muhlhauser I., Sawicki P.T., Blank M., Overmann H., Richter B., and Berger M. Reliability of causes of death in persons with Type I diabetes. Diabetologia 45 (2002) 1490-1497
162. Calvo-Alen J., Alarcon G.S., Campbell Jr. R., Fernandez M., Reveille J.D., and Cooper G.S. Lack of recording of systemic lupus erythematosus in the death certificates of lupus patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 44 (2005) 1186-1189
163. Laakso M., Isomaki H., Mutru O., and Koota K. Death certificate and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 15 (1986) 129-133
164. Becker K.G. The common variants/multiple disease hypothesis of common complex genetic disorders. Med Hypotheses 62 (2004) 309-317
165. Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls. Nature 447 (2007) 661-678
166. Lettre G., and Rioux J.D. Autoimmune diseases: insights from genome-wide association studies. Hum Mol Genet 17 (2008) R116-R121
167. Criswell L.A., Pfeiffer K.A., Lum R.F., Gonzales B., Novitzke J., Kern M., et al. Analysis of families in the multiple autoimmune disease genetics consortium (MADGC) collection: the PTPN22 620W allele associates with multiple autoimmune phenotypes. Am J Hum Genet 76 (2005) 561-571
168. Somers E.C., Thomas S.L., Smeeth L., and Hall A.J. Autoimmune diseases co-occurring within individuals and within families: a systematic review. Epidemiology 17 (2006) 202-217
169. Alkhateeb A., Fain P.R., Thody A., Bennett D.C., and Spritz R.A. Epidemiology of vitiligo and associated autoimmune diseases in Caucasian probands and their families. Pigment Cell Res 16 (2003) 208-214
170. Mackay I.R., Leskovsek N.V., and Rose N.R. Cell damage and autoimmunity: a critical appraisal. J Autoimmun 30 (2008) 5-11
171. Whittingham S., Rowley M.J., and Gershwin M.E. A tribute to an outstanding immunologist - Ian Reay Mackay. J Autoimmun 31 (2008) 197-200
172. Gershwin M.E. Bone marrow transplantation, refractory autoimmunity and the contributions of Susumu Ikehara. J Autoimmun 30 (2008) 105-107
173. Blank M., and Gershwin M.E. Autoimmunity: from the mosaic to the kaleidoscope. J Autoimmun 30 (2008) 1-4
174. Shoenfeld Y., Selmi C., Zimlichman E., and Gershwin M.E. The autoimmunologist: geoepidemiology, a new center of gravity, and prime time for autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 31 (2008) 325-330
175. Rose N.R. Autoimmunity in coxsackievirus infection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 323 (2008) 293-314
176. Rose N.R., Neumann D.A., and Herskowitz A. Autoimmune myocarditis: concepts and questions. Immunol Today 12 8 (1991) 253-255
177. Rose N.R., and Hill S.L. The pathogenesis of postinfectious myocarditis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 80 3 Pt 2 (1996) S92-S99
178. Rasooly L., Burek C.L., and Rose N.R. Iodine-induced autoimmune thyroiditis in NOD-H-2h4 mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 81 3 (1996) 287-292
179. Lieberman E.B., Hutchins G.M., Herskowitz A., Rose N.R., and Baughman K.L. Clinicopathologic description of myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 18 (1991) 1617-1626