메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 856-863

Comparison of Ivabradine Versus Metoprolol in Early Phases of Reperfused Anterior Myocardial Infarction With Impaired Left Ventricular Function: Preliminary Findings

Author keywords

Ejection fraction; end systolic volume; ivabradine; metoprolol; STEMI

Indexed keywords

CREATINE KINASE; IVABRADINE; METOPROLOL SUCCINATE;

EID: 70450224100     PISSN: 10719164     EISSN: 15328414     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.05.013     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (45)
  • 1
    • 3843091541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction-executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction)
    • Antman E.M., Anbe D.T., Armstrong P.W., Bates E.R., Green L.A., Hand M., et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction-executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circulation 110 (2004) 588-636
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 588-636
    • Antman, E.M.1    Anbe, D.T.2    Armstrong, P.W.3    Bates, E.R.4    Green, L.A.5    Hand, M.6
  • 2
    • 0024514359 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of invasive and conservative strategies after treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction. Results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) phase II trial
    • Comparison of invasive and conservative strategies after treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction. Results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) phase II trial. N Engl J Med 320 (1989) 618-627
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 618-627
  • 3
    • 0026099412 scopus 로고
    • Immediate versus deferred beta-blockade following thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) II-B Study
    • Roberts R., Rogers W.J., Mueller H.S., Lambrew C.T., Diver D.J., Smith H.C., et al. Immediate versus deferred beta-blockade following thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) II-B Study. Circulation 83 (1991) 422-437
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.83 , pp. 422-437
    • Roberts, R.1    Rogers, W.J.2    Mueller, H.S.3    Lambrew, C.T.4    Diver, D.J.5    Smith, H.C.6
  • 4
    • 0031667044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atenolol use and clinical outcomes after thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction: the GUSTO-I experience. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA (alteplase) for Occluded Coronary Arteries
    • Pfisterer M., Cox J.L., Granger C.B., Brener S.J., Naylor C.D., Califf R.M., et al. Atenolol use and clinical outcomes after thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction: the GUSTO-I experience. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA (alteplase) for Occluded Coronary Arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 32 (1998) 634-640
    • (1998) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.32 , pp. 634-640
    • Pfisterer, M.1    Cox, J.L.2    Granger, C.B.3    Brener, S.J.4    Naylor, C.D.5    Califf, R.M.6
  • 5
    • 0028106923 scopus 로고
    • Effects of administration of captopril, metoprolol, and captopril-metoprolol combination as adjuvant therapy during thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction
    • Di Pasquale P., Paterna S., Bucca V., Marenghini G., and Magatti M. Effects of administration of captopril, metoprolol, and captopril-metoprolol combination as adjuvant therapy during thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 46 (1994) 107-112
    • (1994) Int J Cardiol , vol.46 , pp. 107-112
    • Di Pasquale, P.1    Paterna, S.2    Bucca, V.3    Marenghini, G.4    Magatti, M.5
  • 6
    • 0019254317 scopus 로고
    • Heart rate as a prognostic factor for coronary heart disease and mortality: findings in three Chicago epidemiologic studies
    • Dyer A.R., Persky V., Stamler J., et al. Heart rate as a prognostic factor for coronary heart disease and mortality: findings in three Chicago epidemiologic studies. Am J Epidemiol 112 (1980) 736-749
    • (1980) Am J Epidemiol , vol.112 , pp. 736-749
    • Dyer, A.R.1    Persky, V.2    Stamler, J.3
  • 7
    • 0023223146 scopus 로고
    • Heart rate and cardiovascular mortality: the Framingham Study
    • Kannel W.B., Kannel C., Paffenbarger R.S., et al. Heart rate and cardiovascular mortality: the Framingham Study. Am Heart J 113 (1987) 1489-1494
    • (1987) Am Heart J , vol.113 , pp. 1489-1494
    • Kannel, W.B.1    Kannel, C.2    Paffenbarger, R.S.3
  • 8
    • 0026097807 scopus 로고
    • Pulse rate, coronary heart disease, and death: the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study
    • Gillum R.F., Makuc D.M., and Feldman J.J. Pulse rate, coronary heart disease, and death: the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Am Heart J 121 (1991) 172-177
    • (1991) Am Heart J , vol.121 , pp. 172-177
    • Gillum, R.F.1    Makuc, D.M.2    Feldman, J.J.3
  • 9
    • 0030752019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between resting heart rate and all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality
    • Mensink G.B., and Hoffmeister H. The relationship between resting heart rate and all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. Eur Heart J 18 (1997) 1404-1410
    • (1997) Eur Heart J , vol.18 , pp. 1404-1410
    • Mensink, G.B.1    Hoffmeister, H.2
  • 10
    • 0033956592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of resting heart rate with cardiovascular, cancer and all-cause mortality: eight year follow-up of 3527 male Israeli employees (the CORDIS Study)
    • Kristal-Boneh E., Silber H., Harari G., et al. The association of resting heart rate with cardiovascular, cancer and all-cause mortality: eight year follow-up of 3527 male Israeli employees (the CORDIS Study). Eur Heart J 1 (2000) 116-124
    • (2000) Eur Heart J , vol.1 , pp. 116-124
    • Kristal-Boneh, E.1    Silber, H.2    Harari, G.3
  • 12
    • 0035018398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate and mortality in a Japanese general population: an 18-year follow-up study
    • Fujiura Y., Adachi H., Tsuruta M., et al. Heart rate and mortality in a Japanese general population: an 18-year follow-up study. J Clin Epidemiol 54 (2001) 495-500
    • (2001) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.54 , pp. 495-500
    • Fujiura, Y.1    Adachi, H.2    Tsuruta, M.3
  • 13
    • 0029744373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mode of action of bradycardic agent, S 16257, on ionic currents of rabbit sinoatrial node cells
    • Bois P., Bescond J., Renaudon B., and Lenfant J. Mode of action of bradycardic agent, S 16257, on ionic currents of rabbit sinoatrial node cells. Br J Pharmacol 118 (1996) 1051-1057
    • (1996) Br J Pharmacol , vol.118 , pp. 1051-1057
    • Bois, P.1    Bescond, J.2    Renaudon, B.3    Lenfant, J.4
  • 14
    • 0042357093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological effects of a single intravenous administration of ivabradine (S 16257) in adult patients with normal baseline electrophysiology
    • Camm A.J., and Lau C.P. Electrophysiological effects of a single intravenous administration of ivabradine (S 16257) in adult patients with normal baseline electrophysiology. Drugs R D 4 (2003) 83-89
    • (2003) Drugs R D , vol.4 , pp. 83-89
    • Camm, A.J.1    Lau, C.P.2
  • 15
    • 4544344025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate lowering by specific and selective I(f) current inhibition with ivabradine: a new therapeutic perspective in cardiovascular disease
    • DiFrancesco D., and Camm J.A. Heart rate lowering by specific and selective I(f) current inhibition with ivabradine: a new therapeutic perspective in cardiovascular disease. Drugs 64 (2004) 1757-1765
    • (2004) Drugs , vol.64 , pp. 1757-1765
    • DiFrancesco, D.1    Camm, J.A.2
  • 16
    • 43249091146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate reduction by ivabradine reduces oxidative stress, improves endothelial function, and prevents atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
    • Custodis F., Baumhäkel M., Schlimmer N., List F., Gensch C., Böhm M., et al. Heart rate reduction by ivabradine reduces oxidative stress, improves endothelial function, and prevents atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation 117 (2008) 2377-2387
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.117 , pp. 2377-2387
    • Custodis, F.1    Baumhäkel, M.2    Schlimmer, N.3    List, F.4    Gensch, C.5    Böhm, M.6
  • 17
    • 45849085686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of metoprolol and Ivabradine on left ventricular remodelling and Ca+ handling in the post-infarction rat heart
    • Maczewski M., and Mackiewicz U. Effect of metoprolol and Ivabradine on left ventricular remodelling and Ca+ handling in the post-infarction rat heart. Cardiovasc Res 79 (2008) 42-51
    • (2008) Cardiovasc Res , vol.79 , pp. 42-51
    • Maczewski, M.1    Mackiewicz, U.2
  • 19
    • 52449095304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of regional myocardial blood flow and function and reduction of infarct size with ivabradine: protection beyond heart rate reduction
    • Heusch G., Skyschally A., Gres P., van Caster P., Schilawa D., and Schulz R. Improvement of regional myocardial blood flow and function and reduction of infarct size with ivabradine: protection beyond heart rate reduction. Eur Heart J 29 (2008) 2265-2275
    • (2008) Eur Heart J , vol.29 , pp. 2265-2275
    • Heusch, G.1    Skyschally, A.2    Gres, P.3    van Caster, P.4    Schilawa, D.5    Schulz, R.6
  • 20
    • 41149145607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of myocardial infarction: protection by ischemic pre- and postconditioning
    • Skyschally A., Schulz R., and Heusch G. Pathophysiology of myocardial infarction: protection by ischemic pre- and postconditioning. Herz 33 (2008) 88-100
    • (2008) Herz , vol.33 , pp. 88-100
    • Skyschally, A.1    Schulz, R.2    Heusch, G.3
  • 21
    • 0024723470 scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for quantification of left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography
    • Schiller N.B., Shah P.M., Crawford M., et al. Recommendations for quantification of left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2 (1989) 358-367
    • (1989) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.2 , pp. 358-367
    • Schiller, N.B.1    Shah, P.M.2    Crawford, M.3
  • 22
    • 0031111692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The noninvasive assessment of left ventricular diastolic function with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography
    • Oh J.K., Appleton C.P., Hatle L.K., et al. The noninvasive assessment of left ventricular diastolic function with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 10 (1997) 246-270
    • (1997) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.10 , pp. 246-270
    • Oh, J.K.1    Appleton, C.P.2    Hatle, L.K.3
  • 23
    • 0037322746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resting heart rate in older people: a predictor of survival to 85
    • Benetos A., Thomas F., Bean K., et al. Resting heart rate in older people: a predictor of survival to 85. J Am Geriatr Soc 51 (2003) 284-285
    • (2003) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.51 , pp. 284-285
    • Benetos, A.1    Thomas, F.2    Bean, K.3
  • 24
    • 0344394916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single intravenous dose of ivabradine, a novel I(f) inhibitor, lowers heart rate but does not depress left ventricular function in patients with left ventricular dysfunction
    • Manz M., Reuter M., Lauck G., Omran H., and Jung W. A single intravenous dose of ivabradine, a novel I(f) inhibitor, lowers heart rate but does not depress left ventricular function in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Cardiology 100 (2003) 149-155
    • (2003) Cardiology , vol.100 , pp. 149-155
    • Manz, M.1    Reuter, M.2    Lauck, G.3    Omran, H.4    Jung, W.5
  • 25
    • 0037448788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antianginal and antiischemic effects of ivabradine, an I(f) inhibitor, in stable angina: a randomized, double-blind, multicentered, placebo-controlled trial
    • Borer J.S., Fox K., Jaillon P., and Lerebours G. Antianginal and antiischemic effects of ivabradine, an I(f) inhibitor, in stable angina: a randomized, double-blind, multicentered, placebo-controlled trial. Circulation 107 (2003) 817-823
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 817-823
    • Borer, J.S.1    Fox, K.2    Jaillon, P.3    Lerebours, G.4
  • 26
    • 44649184945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Favourable effects of heart rate reduction with intravenous administration of ivabradine in patients with advanced heart failure
    • De Ferrari G.M., Mazzuero A., Agnesina L., Bertoletti A., Lettino M., Campana C., Schwartz P.J., et al. Favourable effects of heart rate reduction with intravenous administration of ivabradine in patients with advanced heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 10 (2008) 550-555
    • (2008) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.10 , pp. 550-555
    • De Ferrari, G.M.1    Mazzuero, A.2    Agnesina, L.3    Bertoletti, A.4    Lettino, M.5    Campana, C.6    Schwartz, P.J.7
  • 27
    • 0025308219 scopus 로고
    • Influence of heart rate on mortality after acute myocardial infarction
    • Hjalmarson A., Gilpin E.A., Kjekshus J., et al. Influence of heart rate on mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 65 (1990) 547-553
    • (1990) Am J Cardiol , vol.65 , pp. 547-553
    • Hjalmarson, A.1    Gilpin, E.A.2    Kjekshus, J.3
  • 28
    • 0036017520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes, heart rate, and mortality
    • Singh N. Diabetes, heart rate, and mortality. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 7 (2002) 117-129
    • (2002) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther , vol.7 , pp. 117-129
    • Singh, N.1
  • 29
    • 0022505487 scopus 로고
    • Effect of timolol on mortality and reinfarction after acute myocardial infarction: prognostic importance of heart rate at rest
    • Gundersen T., Grottum P., Pedersen T., et al. Effect of timolol on mortality and reinfarction after acute myocardial infarction: prognostic importance of heart rate at rest. Am J Cardiol 58 (1989) 20-24
    • (1989) Am J Cardiol , vol.58 , pp. 20-24
    • Gundersen, T.1    Grottum, P.2    Pedersen, T.3
  • 30
    • 0022541191 scopus 로고
    • Importance of heart rate in determining beta-blocker efficacy in acute and long-term acute myocardial infarction intervention trials
    • Kjekshus J.K. Importance of heart rate in determining beta-blocker efficacy in acute and long-term acute myocardial infarction intervention trials. Am J Cardiol 57 (1986) 43F-49F
    • (1986) Am J Cardiol , vol.57
    • Kjekshus, J.K.1
  • 31
    • 0023585078 scopus 로고
    • Heart rate reduction: a mechanism of benefit?
    • Kjekshus J. Heart rate reduction: a mechanism of benefit?. Eur Heart J 8 Suppl L (1987) 115-122
    • (1987) Eur Heart J , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. L , pp. 115-122
    • Kjekshus, J.1
  • 32
    • 3743112785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significance of reduction in heart rate in cardiovascular disease
    • II3-7
    • Hjalmarson A. Significance of reduction in heart rate in cardiovascular disease. Clin Cardiol 21 12 Suppl. II (1998) II3-7
    • (1998) Clin Cardiol , vol.21 , Issue.12 SUPPL. II
    • Hjalmarson, A.1
  • 33
    • 0035853053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate and cardiac rhythm relationships with bisoprolol benefit in chronic heart failure in CIBIS II Trial
    • Lechat P., Hulot J.-S., Escolano S., et al. Heart rate and cardiac rhythm relationships with bisoprolol benefit in chronic heart failure in CIBIS II Trial. Circulation 103 (2001) 1428-1433
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 1428-1433
    • Lechat, P.1    Hulot, J.-S.2    Escolano, S.3
  • 34
    • 0023199142 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of beneficial effect of beta-adrenergic blockade on exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in conscious dogs
    • Guth B.D., Heusch G., Seitelberger R., et al. Mechanism of beneficial effect of beta-adrenergic blockade on exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in conscious dogs. Circ Res 60 (1987) 738-746
    • (1987) Circ Res , vol.60 , pp. 738-746
    • Guth, B.D.1    Heusch, G.2    Seitelberger, R.3
  • 35
    • 0020596409 scopus 로고
    • Haemodynamic and metabolic effects of timolol (Blocadren) on ischaemic myocardium
    • Simonsen S., Ihlen H., and Kjekshus J.K. Haemodynamic and metabolic effects of timolol (Blocadren) on ischaemic myocardium. Acta Med Scand 213 (1983) 393-398
    • (1983) Acta Med Scand , vol.213 , pp. 393-398
    • Simonsen, S.1    Ihlen, H.2    Kjekshus, J.K.3
  • 36
    • 0033009151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate as a therapeutic target in ischaemic heart disease
    • Purcell H. Heart rate as a therapeutic target in ischaemic heart disease. Eur Hear J Suppl 1 Suppl H (1999) H58-H63
    • (1999) Eur Hear J Suppl , vol.1 , Issue.SUPPL. H
    • Purcell, H.1
  • 37
    • 50649109186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ivabradine for patients with stable coronary artery disease and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • on behalf of the BEAUTIFUL investigators
    • Fox K., Ford I., Steg P.G., Tendera M., Robertson M., Ferrar R., and on behalf of the BEAUTIFUL investigators. Ivabradine for patients with stable coronary artery disease and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 372 (2008) 807-816
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 807-816
    • Fox, K.1    Ford, I.2    Steg, P.G.3    Tendera, M.4    Robertson, M.5    Ferrar, R.6
  • 38
    • 50649089781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • on behalf of the BEAUTIFUL investigators Heart rate as a prognostic risk factor in patients with coronary artery disease and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial
    • Fox K., Ford I., Steg P.G., Tendera M., Robertson M., and Ferrar R. on behalf of the BEAUTIFUL investigators Heart rate as a prognostic risk factor in patients with coronary artery disease and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 372 (2008) 817-821
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 817-821
    • Fox, K.1    Ford, I.2    Steg, P.G.3    Tendera, M.4    Robertson, M.5    Ferrar, R.6
  • 40
    • 0345866810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of graded heart rate reduction with ivabradine on myocardial oxygen consumption and diastolic time in exercising dogs
    • Colin P., Ghaleh B., Monnet X., et al. Effect of graded heart rate reduction with ivabradine on myocardial oxygen consumption and diastolic time in exercising dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 308 (2004) 236-240
    • (2004) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.308 , pp. 236-240
    • Colin, P.1    Ghaleh, B.2    Monnet, X.3
  • 41
    • 0037305154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of heart rate and contractility to myocardial oxygen balance during exercise
    • Colin P., Ghaleh B., Monnet X., et al. Contributions of heart rate and contractility to myocardial oxygen balance during exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 284 (2003) H676-H682
    • (2003) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.284
    • Colin, P.1    Ghaleh, B.2    Monnet, X.3
  • 42
    • 0036089596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of heart rate reduction and [beta]-blockade on left ventricular relaxation during exercise
    • Colin P., Ghaleh B., Hittinger L., et al. Differential effects of heart rate reduction and [beta]-blockade on left ventricular relaxation during exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 282 (2002) H672-H679
    • (2002) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.282
    • Colin, P.1    Ghaleh, B.2    Hittinger, L.3
  • 43
    • 59449087370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ivabradine induces an increase in ventricular fibrillation threshold during acute myocardial ischemia: an experimental study
    • Vaillant F., Timour Q., Manati W., Belhani D., Bui-Xuan B., et al. Ivabradine induces an increase in ventricular fibrillation threshold during acute myocardial ischemia: an experimental study. J Cardiovasc Pharmcol 52 (2008) 548-554
    • (2008) J Cardiovasc Pharmcol , vol.52 , pp. 548-554
    • Vaillant, F.1    Timour, Q.2    Manati, W.3    Belhani, D.4    Bui-Xuan, B.5
  • 44
    • 34250367541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early metoprolol administration before coronary reperfusion results in increased myocardial salvage. Analysis of ischemic myocardium at risk using cardiac magnetic resonance
    • Ibanez B., Prat-González S., Speidl W.S., Vilahur G., Pinero A., Cimmino G., et al. Early metoprolol administration before coronary reperfusion results in increased myocardial salvage. Analysis of ischemic myocardium at risk using cardiac magnetic resonance. Circulation 115 (2007) 2909-2916
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , pp. 2909-2916
    • Ibanez, B.1    Prat-González, S.2    Speidl, W.S.3    Vilahur, G.4    Pinero, A.5    Cimmino, G.6
  • 45
    • 0037036831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose of metoprolol CR/XL and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure: analysis of the experience in Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in chronic heart failure (MERIT-HF)
    • MERIT-HF Study Group
    • Wikstrand J., Hjalmarson A., Waagstein F., et al., MERIT-HF Study Group. Dose of metoprolol CR/XL and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure: analysis of the experience in Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in chronic heart failure (MERIT-HF). J Am Coll Cardiol 40 (2002) 491-498
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.40 , pp. 491-498
    • Wikstrand, J.1    Hjalmarson, A.2    Waagstein, F.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.