Looking for sex in all the wrong places: Press coverage and the electoral fortunes of gubernatorial candidates

Perspectives on Politics

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 519-536

  Fowler, Linda L ^a   Lawless, Jennifer L ^b,c  

^a Dartmouth College   (United States)

^b AMERICAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Women and Politics Institute

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 70450210479     PISSN: 15375927     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1537592709990843     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Arnold, R. Douglas. 2005. Congress, the Press, and Political Accountability. Princeton: Princeton University.
2. Banwart, Mary C., Dianne G. Bystrom, and Terry Robertson. 2003. From the primary to the general election: A comparative analysis of candidate media coverage in mixed-gender 2000 races for governor and U.S. Senate. American Behavioral Scientist 46 (5): 658-676
3. Banwart, Mary C., and Mitchell S. McKinney. 2005. A gendered influence in campaign debates? Analysis of mixed-gender United States Senate and gubernatorial debates. Political Communication 56 (4): 353-374
4. Borrelli, MaryAnn, and Janet M. Martin. 1997. The Other Elites:Women, Politics, and Power in the Executive Branch. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
5. Braden, Maria. 1996. Women Politicians in the Media. Lexington: University of Kentucky.
6. Burns, Nancy. 2007. Gender in the aggregate, gender in the individual, gender and political action. Politics and Gender 3 (1): 104-124
7. Burrell, Barbara C. 1994. AWoman's Place is in the House: Campaigning for Congress in the Feminist Era. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
8. Bystrom, Dianne G., Mary Christine Banwart, Lynda Lee Kaid, and Terry A. Robertson. 2004. Gender and Candidate Communication. New York: Routledge.
9. Carroll, Susan, and Richard Fox. 2006. Gender and Elections in America. New York: Cambridge.
10. Carroll, Susan, and Ronnee Schreiber. 1997. Media coverage of women in the 103rd Congress. In Women, Media and Politics, ed. Pippa Norris. New York: Oxford.
11. Decker, Cathleen. 1990. "Feinstein Pushes to Get Edge While Wilson's Away." Los Angeles Times, Oct. 28: A1, A32.
12. Devitt, James. 1999. "Framing Gender on the Campaign Trail: Women's Executive Leadership and the Press." New York: Report to the Women's Leadership Fund, http://64.233.167.104.
13. Dolan, Kathleen. 2004. Voting forWomen: How the Public EvaluatesWomen Candidates. Boulder:Westview.
14. Duerst-Lahti, Georgia. 2005. Institutional gendering: Theoretical insights into the environment. InWomen and Elective Office: Past, Present, and Future, ed. Sue Thomasand ClydeWilcox. 2d ed.NewYork: Oxford.
15. Duerst-Lahti, Georgia, and Rita Mae Kelly. 1995. Gender, Power, Leadership and Governance. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
16. Enloe, Cynthia. 2004. The Curious Feminist. Berkeley: University of California.
17. Fiber, Pamela, and Richard L. Fox. 2005. A tougher road for women: Assessing the role of gender in Congressional elections. In Gender and American Politics, ed. Sue Tolleson-Rinehart and Jyl J. Josephson. New York: M.E. Sharpe.
18. Fox, Richard L. 1997. Gender Dynamics in Congressional Elections. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
19. Fox, Richard L., and Zoe M. Oxley. 2003. Gender stereotyping in state executive elections. Journal of Politics 65 (3): 833-850
20. Fridkin, Kim L., and Gina S. Woodall. 2005. Gender differences in U.S. Senators' presentation of self. In Women and Elective Office: Past, Present, and Future, ed. Sue Thomas and Clyde Wilcox. 2d ed. New York: Oxford.
21. Gidengil, Elisabeth, and Joanna Everitt. 2003. Talking tough: Gender and reported speech in campaign news coverage. Political Communication 20 (3): 209-232
22. Gunderson, Dan. 2004. "Coya's Story." Minnesota Public Radio, May 3.
23. Hancock, Ange-Marie. 2007. When multiplication doesn't equal quick addition: Examining intersectionality as a research paradigm. Perspectives on Politics 5 (1): 63-79.
24. Hawkesworth, Mary. 2006. Feminist Inquiry: From Political Conviction to Methodological Innovation. New Brunswick: Rutgers.
25. Holmes, Janet, and Miriam Meyerhoff. 1999. The community of practice: Theories and methodologies in language and gender research. Language in Society 28 (2): 173-183
26. Huddy, Leonie, and Nayda Terkildsen. 1993a. The consequences of gender stereotypes for women candidates at different levels and types of office. Political Research Quarterly 46 (3): 503-525
27. -. 1993b. Gender stereotypes and the perception of male and female candidates. American Journal of Political Science 37 (1): 119-147
28. Iyengar, Shanto, Nicholas Valentino, Stephen Ansolabehere, and Adam Simon. 1997. Running as a woman: Gender stereotyping in women's campaigns. InWomen, Media, and Politics, ed. Pippa Norris. New York: Oxford.
29. Johnson, Cathryn. 1994. Gender, legitimate authority, and leader-subordinate conversations. American Sociological Review 59 (1): 122-135
30. Junn, Jane. 2007. Square pegs and round holes: Challenges of fitting individual-level analysis to a theory of politicized context of gender. Politics and Gender 3 (1): 124-134
31. Kahn, Kim Fridkin. 1994. Does gender make a difference? An experimental examination of sex stereotypes and press patterns in statewide campaigns. American Journal of Political Science 38 (1): 162-195
32. -. 1996. The Political Consequences of Being a Woman. New York: Columbia.
33. Karakowsky, Leonard, Kenneth McBey, and Diane L. Miller. 2004. Gender, perceived competence, and power plays. Small Group Research 35 (4): 407-439
34. Koch, Jeffrey. W. 2000. Do citizens apply gender stereotypes to infer candidates' ideological prientations? Journal of Politics 62 (2): 414-429
35. Lawless, Jennifer L. 2004. Women, war, and winning elections: Gender stereotyping in the post September 11th era. Political Research Quarterly 53 (3): 479-490
36. Lawless, Jennifer L., and Richard Fox. 2005. It Takes a Candidate: WhyWomen Don't Run for Office. New York: Cambridge.
37. Lawless, Jennifer L., and Kathryn Pearson. 2008. The primary reason for women's under-representation: Re-evaluating the conventional wisdom. Journal of Politics 70 (1): 67-82.
38. Leeper, Mark. 1991. The impact of prejudice on female candidates: An experimental look at voter inference. American Politics Quarterly 19 (2): 248-261
39. McDermott, Monika L. 1998. Race and gender cues in low-information elections. Political Research Quarterly 51 (4): 895-918.
40. -. 1997. Voting cues in low-information elections: Candidate gender as a social information variable in contemporary US elections. American Journal of Political Science 41 (1): 270-283
41. Moncrief, Gary F., Peverill Squire, and Malcolm E. Jewell. 2001. Who Runs for the Legislature? Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
42. Niven, David. 2006. Throwing your hat out of the ring: Negative recruitment and the gender imbalance in state legislative candidacy. Politics and Gender 2 (4): 473-489
43. Norris, Pippa. 1997a. Introduction: Women, media and politics. In Women, Media, and Politics, ed. Pippa Norris. New York: Oxford.
44. -. 1997b. Women leaders worldwide: A splash of color in the photo op. In Women, Media, and Politics, ed. P. Norris. New York: Oxford.
45. Palmer, Barbara, and Dennis Simon. 2006. Breaking the Political Glass Ceiling:Women and Congressional Elections. New York: Routledge.
46. Rahn, Wendy. 1993. The role of partisan stereotypes in information processing about political candidates. American Journal of Political Science 37 (2): 472-496
47. Rausch, John D., Mark Rozell, and Harry L. Wilson. 1999. When women lose: A case study of media coverage of two gubernatorial campaigns. Women & Politics 20 (4): 1-22.
48. Rosenwasser, Shirley M., and Norma G. Dean. 1989. Gender roles and political office: Effects of perceived masculinity/femininity of candidate and political office. Psycholog y ofWomen Quarterly 13 ( June): 77-85.
49. Sanbonmatsu, Kira. 2006. WhereWomen Run: Gender and Party in the American States. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
50. Seltzer, Richard A., Jody Newman, and Melissa Voorhees Leighton. 1997. Sex as a Political Variable. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
51. Smith, Kevin B. 1997. When all's fair: Signs of parity in media coverage of female candidates. Political Communication 14: 71-82.
52. Smith, Eric R.A.N., and Richard L. Fox. 2001. A research note: The electoral fortunes of women candidates for Congress. Political Research Quarterly 54 (1): 205-221
53. Stall, Bill. 1990. "Wilson, Feinstein Hope to Harvest Farm-Rural Vote." Los Angeles Times, October 21, A1, A33.
54. Tannen, Deborah. 1994. Gender and Discourse. New York: Oxford.
55. Thomas, Sue, and Clyde Wilcox. 1998. Women and Elective Office. New York: Oxford.
56. Weatherall, Ann. 2002. Gender, Language and Discourse. New York: Routledge.
57. Weir, Sara J. 1996. Women as governors: State executive leadership with a feminist face? In Women in Politics: Outsiders or Insiders, ed. Lois Lovelace Duke. 2d ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
58. Wells, Robert A., and Erika G. King. 1998. "Gender and the Press: Newspaper Coverage of the 1990 California, Texas and Pennsylvania Gubernatorial Campaigns." Presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, September 3-6.
59. Westlye, Mark C. 1991. Senate Elections and Campaign Intensity. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins.