Phenotypic diversification across an environmental gradient: A role for predators and resource availability on the evolution of life histories

Evolution

Volumn 63, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 3201-3213

  Walsh, Matthew R ^a,b   Reznick, David N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Growth rate; Guppy; Indirect effects; Killifish; Rivulus

Indexed keywords

EGG SIZE; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT; FECUNDITY; FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM; GROWTH RATE; LIFE HISTORY; MORTALITY; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; TELEOST;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; FEMALE; FISH; GENETICS; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PHENOTYPE; PHYSIOLOGY; PREDATION;

ANIMALS; FEMALE; FISHES; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PHENOTYPE; PREDATORY BEHAVIOR;

CYPRINODONTIFORMES; CYPRINODONTOIDEI; POECILIA RETICULATA; RIVULUS; RIVULUS HARTII;

EID: 70450193825     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: 15585646     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00785.x     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Abrams, P., and L. Rowe. 1996. The effects of predation on the age and size of maturity of prey. Evolution 50 : 1052 1061.
2. Ashmole, N. P. 1963. The regulation of numbers of tropical oceanic birds. Ibis 103 : 458 473.
3. Bronikowski, A. M., and S. J. Arnold. 1999. The evolutionary ecology of life history variation in the garter snake Thamnophis elegans. Ecology 80 : 2314 2325.
4. Bronikowski, A. M., M. E. Clark, F. H. Rodd, and D. N. Reznick. 2002. Population-dynamic consequences of predator-induced life history variation in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Ecology 83 : 2194 2204.
5. Bronmark, C., S. D. Rundle, and A. Erlandsson. 1991. Interactions between freshwater snails and tadpoles: competition and facilitation. Oecologia 87 : 8 18.
6. Bystrom, P., L. Persson, and E. Wahlstrom. 1998. Competing predators and prey: juvenile bottlenecks in whole-lake experiments. Ecology 79 : 2153 2167.
7. Charlesworth, B. 1980. Evolution in age-structured populations. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.
8. Ernande, B., U. Dieckmann, and M. Heino. 2004. Adaptive changes in harvested populations: plasticity and evolution of age and size at maturation. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 271 : 415 423.
9. Fraser, D. F., and J. F. Gilliam. 1992. Nonlethal impacts of predator invasion: facultative suppression of growth and reproduction. Ecology 73 : 959 970.
10. Fraser, D. F., J. F. Gilliam, and T. Yip-Hoi. 1995. Predation as an agent of population fragmentation in a tropical watershed. Ecology 76 : 1461 1472.
11. Fraser, D. F., J. F. Gilliam, M. P. MacGowan, C. M. Arcaro, and P. H. Guillozet. 1999. Habitat quality in a hostile river corridor. Ecology 80 : 597 607.
12. Fraser, D. F., J. F. Gilliam, B. W. Albanese, and S. B. Snider. 2006. Effects of temporal patterning of predation threat on movement of a stream fish: evaluating an intermediate threat hypothesis. Environ. Biol. Fish. 76 : 25 35.
13. Gadgil, M., and P. W. Bossert. 1970. Life history consequences of natural selection. Am. Nat. 104 : 1 24.
14. Gardmark, A., and U. Dieckmann. 2006. Disparate maturation adaptations to size dependent mortality. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 273 : 2185 2192.
15. Gilliam, J. F., D. F. Fraser, and M. Alkins-Koo. 1993. Structure of a tropical stream fish community: a role for biotic interactions. Ecology 74 : 1856 1870.
16. Grether, G. F., D. F. Millie, M. J. Bryant, D. N. Reznick, and W. Mayea. 2001. Rain forest canopy cover, resource availability, and life history evolution in guppies. Ecology 82 : 1546 1559.
17. Hilton, C., S. J. Walde, and M. L. Leonard. 2002. Intense episodic predation by shorebirds may influence life history strategy of an intertidal amphipod. Oikos 99 : 368 376.
18. Hutchings, J. A. 1993. Adaptive life histories affected by age-specific survival and growth rate. Ecology 74 : 673 684.
19. Jennions, M. D., and S. R. Telford. 2002. Life history phenotypes in populations of Brachyrhaphis episcopi (Poeciliidae) with different predator communities. Oecologia 132 : 44 50.
20. Johnson, J. B. 2001. Adaptive life-history evolution in the livebearing fish Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora: genetic basis for parallel divergence in age and size at maturity and a test of predator induced plasticity. Evolution 55 : 1486 1491.
21. Johnson, J. B., and M. C. Belk. 2001. Predation environment predicts divergent life history phenotypes among populations of the livebearing fish Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora. Oecologia 126 : 142 149.
22. Kozlowski, J., and J. Uchmanski. 1987. Optimal individual growth and reproduction in perennial species with indeterminate growth. Evol. Ecol. 1 : 214 231.
23. Kozlowski, J., and R. G. Wiegert. 1987. Optimal age and size at maturity in annuals and perennials with determinate growth. Evol. Ecol. 1 : 231 244.
24. Lack, D. 1954. The natural regulation of animal numbers. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, UK.
25. Lack, D. 1968. Ecological adaptations for breeding in birds. Methuen, London.
26. Law, R. 1979. Optimal life histories under age-specific predation. Am. Nat. 114 : 399 417.
27. Lynch, M. 1980. The evolution of Cladoceran life histories. Q. Rev. Biol. 55 : 23 42.
28. Martin, T. E., and J. Clobert. 1996. Nest predation and avian life history evolution in Europe versus North America: a possible role of humans. Am. Nat. 147 : 1028 1046.
29. Michod, R. E. 1979. Evolution of life histories in response to age-specific mortality factors. Am. Nat. 113 : 531 550.
30. Miner, B. G., S. E. Sultan, S. G. Morgan, D. K. Padilla, and R. A. Relyea. 2005. Ecological consequences of phenotypic plasticity. Trends Ecol. Evol. 20 : 685 692.
31. Mittelbach, G. G. 1988. Competition among refuging sunfishes and effects of fish density on littoral zone invertebrates. Ecology 69 : 614 623.
32. Mylius, S. D., and O. Diekmann. 1995. On evolutionarily stable life histories, optimization and the need to be specific about density dependence. Oikos 74 : 218 224.
33. Palkovacs, E. P., M. C. Marshall, B. A. Lamphere, B. R. Lynch, D. J. Weese, D. F. Fraser, D. N. Reznick, C. M. Pringle, and M. T. Kinnison. 2009. Experimental evaluation of evolution and coevolution as agents of ecosystem change in Trinidadian streams. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 364 : 1617 1628.
34. Preisser, E. L., D. I. Bolnick, and M. F. Bernard. 2005. Scared to death? The effects of intimidation and consumption in predator-prey interactions. Ecology 86 : 501 509.
35. Reznick, D. N. 1982. The impact of predation on life history evolution in Trinidadian guppies: genetic basis of observed life history patterns. Evolution 36 : 1236 1250.
36. Reznick, D. N., and H. Bryga. 1996. Life history evolution in guppies (Poecilia reticulata): 5. Genetic basis of parallelism in life histories. Am. Nat. 147 : 339 359.
37. Reznick, D. N., and J. A. Endler. 1982. The impact of predation on life history evolution in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Evolution 36 : 160 177.
38. Reznick, D. N., and J. Travis. 1996. The empirical study of adaptation. Pp. 243 289 in M. Rose and G. Lauder, eds. Adaptation, Academic, San Diego, CA.
39. Reznick, D., H. Bryga, and J. A. Endler. 1990. Experimentally induced life history evolution in a natural population. Nature 346 : 357 359.
40. Reznick, D. N., F. H. Shaw, F. H. Rodd, and R. G. Shaw. 1997. Evaluation of the rate of evolution in natural populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Science 275 : 1934 1936.
41. Reznick, D., M. J. Butler IV., and F. H. Rodd. 2001. Life history evolution in guppies: VII. The comparative ecology of high- and low-predation environments. Am. Nat. 157 : 126 140.
42. Roff, D. A. 1992. The evolution of life histories. Chapman & Hall, New York, NY.
43. Schaffer, W. M. 1974. Optimal reproductive effort in fluctuating environments. Am. Nat. 108 : 783 790.
44. Schmitz, O., K. Krivan, and O. Ovadia. 2004. Trophic cascades: the primacy of trait-mediated indirect interactions. Ecol. Lett. 7 : 153 163.
45. Sokal, R. R., and F. J. Rohlf. 1995. Biometry. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
46. Sparkes, T. C. K. 1996. Effects of predation risk on population variation in adult size in a stream-dwelling isopod. Oecologia 106 : 85 92.
47. Stearns, S. C. 1992. The evolution of life histories. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, UK.
48. Stearns, S. C., and J. C. Koella. 1986. The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in life history traits: predictions of reaction norms for age and size at maturity. Evolution 40 : 893 913.
49. Taylor, B. E., and W. Gabriel. 1992. To grow or not to grow: optimal resource allocation for Daphnia. Am. Nat. 139 : 248 266.
50. Tomkins, J. L., and L. W. Simmons. 2002. Measuring relative investment: a case study of testes investment in species with alternative male reproductive tactics. Anim. Behav. 63 : 1009 1016.
51. Walsh, M. R., and D. N. Reznick. 2008. Interactions between the direct and indirect effects of predators determine life history evolution in a killifish. Proc. Natl. Sci. USA 105 : 594 599.
52. Wellborn, G. A. 1994. Size-biased predation and prey life histories: a comparative study of freshwater amphipod populations. Ecology 75 : 2104 2117.
53. Werner, E. E., and J. F. Gilliam. 1984. The ontogenetic niche and species interactions in size-structured populations. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. S. 15 : 393 425.
54. Werner, E. E., and S. D. Peacor. 2003. A review of trait-mediated indirect interactions in ecological communities. Ecology 84 : 1083 1100.
55. Wilbur, H. M. 1988. Interactions between growing predators and growing prey. Pp. 157 172 in B. Ebenman and L. Persson, eds. Size-structured populations: ecology and evolution. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
56. Wootton, J. M. 1994. The nature and consequences of indirect effects in ecological communities. Am. Nat. 25 : 443 466.