메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 227-252

Bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification of nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives in terrestrial systems

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 70449846670     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (11)

References (91)
  • 1
    • 0019017199 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of bioconcentration factors of chemicals in aquatic and terrestrial organisms with their physical and chemical properties
    • Kenaga EE, Correlation of bioconcentration factors of chemicals in aquatic and terrestrial organisms with their physical and chemical properties, Environ. Sci. Technol., 14, 553, 1980.
    • (1980) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.14 , pp. 553
    • Kenaga, E.E.1
  • 2
    • 0023984825 scopus 로고
    • Bioconcentration of organics in beef, milk, and vegetation
    • Travis CC and Arms AD, Bioconcentration of organics in beef, milk, and vegetation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 22, 271, 1988.
    • (1988) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.22 , pp. 271
    • Travis, C.C.1    Arms, A.D.2
  • 3
    • 0026314030 scopus 로고
    • Predicting the environmental partitioning of organic contaminants and their transfer to biota
    • Jones KC, Ed., Elsevier Science Publications, New York
    • Macay D and Clark KE, Predicting the environmental partitioning of organic contaminants and their transfer to biota, in Organic Contaminants in the Environment, Jones KC, Ed., Elsevier Science Publications, New York, 1991, 159.
    • (1991) Organic Contaminants in the Environment , pp. 159
    • Macay, D.1    Clark, K.E.2
  • 4
    • 0026340222 scopus 로고
    • Organic contaminants in terrestrial food chains
    • Jones KC, Ed., Elsevier Science Publications, New York
    • Fries GF, Organic contaminants in terrestrial food chains, in Organic Contaminants in the Environment, Jones KC, Ed., Elsevier Science Publications, New York, 1991, 207.
    • (1991) Organic Contaminants in the Environment , pp. 207
    • Fries, G.F.1
  • 5
    • 0020969760 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of models for predicting terrestrial food chain behavior of xenobiotics
    • Garten CT Jr. and Trabalka JR, Evaluation of models for predicting terrestrial food chain behavior of xenobiotics, Environ. Sci. Technol., 17, 590, 1983.
    • (1983) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.17 , pp. 590
    • Garten, C.T.1    Trabalka, J.R.2
  • 6
    • 84986928040 scopus 로고
    • A review of the correlation between physicochemical properties and bioaccumulation
    • Esser EO, A review of the correlation between physicochemical properties and bioaccumulation, Pestic. Sci., 17, 265, 1986.
    • (1986) Pestic. Sci , vol.17 , pp. 265
    • Esser, E.O.1
  • 7
    • 0023510588 scopus 로고
    • Transfer of toxic trace substances by way of food animals: Selected examples
    • Hansen LG and Lambert RJ, Transfer of toxic trace substances by way of food animals: Selected examples, J. Environ. Qual., 16, 200, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Environ. Qual , vol.16 , pp. 200
    • Hansen, L.G.1    Lambert, R.J.2
  • 8
    • 0025282747 scopus 로고
    • Bioaccumulation in the soil to earthworm system
    • Connell DW and Markwell RD, Bioaccumulation in the soil to earthworm system, Chemosphere, 20, 91, 1990.
    • (1990) Chemosphere , vol.20 , pp. 91
    • Connell, D.W.1    Markwell, R.D.2
  • 9
    • 0002696552 scopus 로고
    • Bioaccumulation and bioconcentration in aquatic organisms
    • Hoffman DJ et al., Eds., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL
    • Barron MG, Bioaccumulation and bioconcentration in aquatic organisms, in Handbook of Ecotoxicology, Hoffman DJ et al., Eds., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1995, 652.
    • (1995) Handbook of Ecotoxicology , pp. 652
    • Barron, M.G.1
  • 10
    • 0024679710 scopus 로고
    • Bioaccumulation model of organic chemical distribution in aquatic food chains
    • Thomann RV, Bioaccumulation model of organic chemical distribution in aquatic food chains, Environ. Sci. Technol., 23, 699, 1989.
    • (1989) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.23 , pp. 699
    • Thomann, R.V.1
  • 13
    • 0032602602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitroaromatic munition compounds: Environmental effects and screening values
    • Talmage SS et al., Nitroaromatic munition compounds: Environmental effects and screening values, Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 161, 1, 1999.
    • (1999) Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol , vol.161 , pp. 1
    • Talmage, S.S.1
  • 14
    • 85102610216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological degradation of explosives
    • Adriano DC et al., Eds., American Society of Agronomy, the Crop Science Society of America and the Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI
    • Major MA, Biological degradation of explosives, in Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils, Adriano DC et al., Eds., American Society of Agronomy, the Crop Science Society of America and the Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, 1999, 111.
    • (1999) Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils , pp. 111
    • Major, M.A.1
  • 16
    • 0017370046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trinitrotoluene: A review of reported dose-related effects providing documentation for a workplace standard
    • Hathaway JA, Trinitrotoluene: A review of reported dose-related effects providing documentation for a workplace standard, J. Occup. Med., 19, 341.
    • J. Occup. Med , vol.19 , pp. 341
    • Hathaway, J.A.1
  • 17
    • 85057245961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecotoxicity of nitroaromatics to aquatic and terrestrial species at army superfund sites
    • Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment, ASTM STP, Dwey FJ, Doane TR, and Hinman ML, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA
    • Hovatter PS et al., Ecotoxicity of nitroaromatics to aquatic and terrestrial species at army superfund sites, in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Modeling and Risk Assessment (Vol. 6), ASTM STP 1317, Dwey FJ, Doane TR, and Hinman ML, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 1997.
    • (1997) Modeling and Risk Assessment , vol.6 , pp. 1317
    • Hovatter, P.S.1
  • 18
    • 0032586128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects and bioavailability of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in spiked and field contaminated soils to indigenous microorganisms
    • Gong P et al., Effects and bioavailability of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in spiked and field contaminated soils to indigenous microorganisms, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 2681, 1999.
    • (1999) Environ. Toxicol. Chem , vol.18 , pp. 2681
    • Gong, P.1
  • 19
    • 0017134307 scopus 로고
    • Microbial transformation of 2,4,6‑trinitrotoluene and other nitroaromatic compounds
    • McCormick NG, Feeherry FE, and Levinson HS, Microbial transformation of 2,4,6‑trinitrotoluene and other nitroaromatic compounds, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 31, 949, 1976.
    • (1976) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.31 , pp. 949
    • McCormick, N.G.1    Feeherry, F.E.2    Levinson, H.S.3
  • 20
    • 0017902365 scopus 로고
    • Microbial transformation of 14C‑labeled 2,4,6‑trinitrotoluene in an activatedsludge system
    • Carpenter DF et al., Microbial transformation of 14C‑labeled 2,4,6‑trinitrotoluene in an activatedsludge system, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 35, 949, 1978.
    • (1978) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.35 , pp. 949
    • Carpenter, D.F.1
  • 21
    • 0019957289 scopus 로고
    • Thermophilic biotransformations of 2,4,6‑trinitrotoluene under simulated composting conditions
    • Kaplan DL and Kaplan AM, Thermophilic biotransformations of 2,4,6‑trinitrotoluene under simulated composting conditions, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 44, 757, 1982.
    • (1982) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.44 , pp. 757
    • Kaplan, D.L.1    Kaplan, A.M.2
  • 22
    • 0020180112 scopus 로고
    • 2,4,6‑trinitrotoluene‑surfactant complexes: Decomposition, mutagenicity and soil leaching studies
    • Kaplan DL and Kaplan AM, 2,4,6‑trinitrotoluene‑surfactant complexes: Decomposition, mutagenicity and soil leaching studies, Environ. Sci. Technol., 19, 566, 1982.
    • (1982) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.19 , pp. 566
    • Kaplan, D.L.1    Kaplan, A.M.2
  • 23
    • 0000112079 scopus 로고
    • Biotransformation pathways of hazardous energetic organonitro compounds
    • Kamely D, Chakrabarty A, and Omenn GS, Eds., Portfolio Publishing, Dallas, TX
    • Kaplan DL, Biotransformation pathways of hazardous energetic organonitro compounds, in Advances in Applied Biotechnology 4: Biotechnology and Biodegradation, Kamely D, Chakrabarty A, and Omenn GS, Eds., Portfolio Publishing, Dallas, TX, 1990, 155.
    • (1990) Advances in Applied Biotechnology 4: Biotechnology and Biodegradation , pp. 155
    • Kaplan, D.L.1
  • 24
    • 0011092692 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, Special Report 90‑2, Hanover, NH
    • Walsh ME, Environmental Transformation Products of Nitroaromatics and Nitramines, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, Special Report 90‑2, Hanover, NH, 1990.
    • (1990) Environmental Transformation Products of Nitroaromatics and Nitramines
    • Walsh, M.E.1
  • 25
    • 0002728446 scopus 로고
    • Composting for decontamination of soils containing explosives
    • Isbister JD et al., Composting for decontamination of soils containing explosives, Microbiologica, 7, 47, 1984.
    • (1984) Microbiologica , vol.7 , pp. 47
    • Isbister, J.D.1
  • 26
    • 0001941045 scopus 로고
    • Basic knowledge and perspectives on biodegradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and related nitroaromatic compounds in contaminated soil
    • Spain JC, Ed., Plenum Press, New York
    • Rieger PG and Knackmuss HJ, Basic knowledge and perspectives on biodegradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and related nitroaromatic compounds in contaminated soil, in Bioremediation of Nitroaromatic Compounds, Spain JC, Ed., Plenum Press, New York, 1995.
    • (1995) Bioremediation of Nitroaromatic Compounds
    • Rieger, P.G.1    Knackmuss, H.J.2
  • 27
    • 0141502904 scopus 로고
    • The metabolism of nitrophenols by certain bacteria
    • Simpson JR and Evans WC, The metabolism of nitrophenols by certain bacteria, Biochem. J., 55, 24, 1953.
    • (1953) Biochem. J , vol.55 , pp. 24
    • Simpson, J.R.1    Evans, W.C.2
  • 28
    • 0016839520 scopus 로고
    • Microbial degradation of organic compounds in the biosphere
    • Dagley S, Microbial degradation of organic compounds in the biosphere, American Scientist, 63, 681, 1975.
    • (1975) American Scientist , vol.63 , pp. 681
    • Dagley, S.1
  • 29
    • 0003727406 scopus 로고
    • Menlo Park, California, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, ADA099256, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD
    • Spanggord RJ et al., Environmental Fate Studies on Certain Munition Wastewater Constituents Lab Studies, Menlo Park, California, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, ADA099256, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, 1980.
    • (1980) Environmental Fate Studies on Certain Munition Wastewater Constituents Lab Studies
    • Spanggord, R.J.1
  • 31
    • 0021053502 scopus 로고
    • Oxidative pretreatment accelerates TNT metabolism in soils
    • Kearney PC, Zeng Q, and Ruth JM, Oxidative pretreatment accelerates TNT metabolism in soils, Chemosphere, 12, 1583, 1983.
    • (1983) Chemosphere , vol.12 , pp. 1583
    • Kearney, P.C.1    Zeng, Q.2    Ruth, J.M.3
  • 35
    • 0028876486 scopus 로고
    • Bioconversion of 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene to a novel metabolite under anoxic and aerobic conditions
    • Gilcrease PC and Murphy VG, Bioconversion of 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene to a novel metabolite under anoxic and aerobic conditions, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 61, 4209, 1995.
    • (1995) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.61 , pp. 4209
    • Gilcrease, P.C.1    Murphy, V.G.2
  • 36
    • 85057284412 scopus 로고
    • Military Explosives, TM 9-1300-214, Department of the Army Technical, Manual. Headquarters, Department of the Army, Washington, D.C
    • U.S. Army, Military Explosives, TM 9-1300-214, Department of the Army Technical Manual. Headquarters, Department of the Army, Washington, D.C., 1994.
    • (1994)
  • 39
    • 0034040074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of metabolites during biodegradation of hexahydro- 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) with municipal anaerobic sludge
    • Hawari J et al., Characterization of metabolites during biodegradation of hexahydro- 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) with municipal anaerobic sludge, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2652, 2000.
    • (2000) Appl. Environ , pp. 2652
    • Hawari, J.1
  • 40
    • 0001877251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical carcinogens
    • Klaassen CD, Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York
    • Pitot HC III and Dragan YP, Chemical carcinogens, in Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology, Klaassen CD, Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001, 241.
    • (2001) Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology , pp. 241
    • Pitot, H.1    Dragan, Y.P.2
  • 41
    • 85057221942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • personal communication
    • Davis J, personal communication, 1999.
    • (1999)
    • Davis, J.1
  • 42
    • 0037135015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of explosives and their degradation products in soil environments
    • Halasz A et al., Detection of explosives and their degradation products in soil environments, J. Chromatogr. A, 963, 411, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.963 , pp. 411
    • Halasz, A.1
  • 43
    • 0031799672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of metabolites in the biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene with anaerobic sludge: Role of triaminotoluene
    • Hawari J et al., Characterization of metabolites in the biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene with anaerobic sludge: Role of triaminotoluene, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64, 2200, 1998.
    • (1998) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.64 , pp. 2200
    • Hawari, J.1
  • 44
    • 3543005948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodegradation of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazine (HMX) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium: New insight into the degradation pathway
    • Fournier D et al., Biodegradation of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazine (HMX) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium: New insight into the degradation pathway, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 4130, 2004.
    • (2004) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.38 , pp. 4130
    • Fournier, D.1
  • 45
    • 0035830651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of the cyclic nitramine explosives hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro- 1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazine (HMX) and their degradation products in soil environments
    • Groom CA et al., Detection of the cyclic nitramine explosives hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro- 1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazine (HMX) and their degradation products in soil environments, J. Chromatogr. A, 909, 53, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.909 , pp. 53
    • Groom, C.A.1
  • 46
    • 0032602602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitroaromatic munition compounds: Environmental effects and screening values
    • Talmage SS et al., Nitroaromatic munition compounds: Environmental effects and screening values, Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 161, 1, 1999.
    • (1999) Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol , vol.161 , pp. 1
    • Talmage, S.S.1
  • 47
    • 1842636941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity and bioaccumulation of reduced TNT metabolites in the earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed to amended forest soil
    • Lachance B et al., Toxicity and bioaccumulation of reduced TNT metabolites in the earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed to amended forest soil, Chemosphere, 55, 1339, 2004.
    • (2004) Chemosphere , vol.55 , pp. 1339
    • Lachance, B.1
  • 48
    • 0034120613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in soil in the presence of the earthworm Eisenia andrei
    • Renoux AY et al., Transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in soil in the presence of the earthworm Eisenia andrei, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 1473, 2000.
    • (2000) Environ. Toxicol. Chem , vol.19 , pp. 1473
    • Renoux, A.Y.1
  • 51
    • 0032761085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitotoluene (TNT) using the earthworm (Eisenia andrei)
    • Robidoux PY et al., Acute toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitotoluene (TNT) using the earthworm (Eisenia andrei), Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 44, 311, 1999.
    • (1999) Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf , vol.44 , pp. 311
    • Robidoux, P.Y.1
  • 52
    • 0036841317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNT, RDX and HMX decrease earthworm (Eisenia andrei) life-cycle responses in a spiked natural forest soil
    • Robidoux PY et al., TNT, RDX and HMX decrease earthworm (Eisenia andrei) life-cycle responses in a spiked natural forest soil, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 43, 379, 2002.
    • (2002) Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol , vol.43 , pp. 379
    • Robidoux, P.Y.1
  • 53
    • 0034083489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic toxicity of energetic compounds in soil using the earthworm (Eisenia andrei) reproduction test
    • Robidoux PY et al., Chronic toxicity of energetic compounds in soil using the earthworm (Eisenia andrei) reproduction test, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 1764, 2000.
    • (2000) Environ. Toxicol. Chem , vol.19 , pp. 1764
    • Robidoux, P.Y.1
  • 54
    • 1842563161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and chronic toxicity of a new explosive CL20 in the earthworm (Eisenia andrei) exposed to amended natural soil
    • Robidoux PY et al., Acute and chronic toxicity of a new explosive CL20 in the earthworm (Eisenia andrei) exposed to amended natural soil, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 23, 1026, 2004.
    • (2004) Environ. Toxicol. Chem , vol.23 , pp. 1026
    • Robidoux, P.Y.1
  • 55
    • 23044528711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Derivation of environmental soil quality guidelines for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene: CCME approach
    • Renoux AY et al., Derivation of environmental soil quality guidelines for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene: CCME approach, Human Ecol. Risk Assess., 7, 1715, 2001.
    • (2001) Human Ecol. Risk Assess , vol.7 , pp. 1715
    • Renoux, A.Y.1
  • 56
    • 10844288495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OSWER Directive, 92857-55, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., November
    • USEPA, Guidance for Developing Ecological Soil Screening Level, OSWER Directive 92857-55, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., November 2003, http://rais.ornl.gov/homepage/ecossl.pdf (accessed August 2008).
    • (2003) Guidance for Developing Ecological Soil Screening Level
  • 57
    • 0036650070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of tissue and cellular biomarkers to assess 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) exposure in earthworms: Effects-based assessment in laboratory studies using Eisenia andrei
    • Robidoux PY et al., Evaluation of tissue and cellular biomarkers to assess 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) exposure in earthworms: Effects-based assessment in laboratory studies using Eisenia andrei, Biomarkers, 7, 306, 2002.
    • (2002) Biomarkers , vol.7 , pp. 306
    • Robidoux, P.Y.1
  • 58
    • 12944324229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of a 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) contaminated site using Aporrectodea rosea and Eisenia andrei in mesocosms
    • Robidoux PY et al., Assessment of a 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) contaminated site using Aporrectodea rosea and Eisenia andrei in mesocosms, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 48, 56, 2004.
    • (2004) Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol , vol.48 , pp. 56
    • Robidoux, P.Y.1
  • 60
    • 0032779667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Literature-derived bioaccumulation models for earthworms: Development and validation
    • Sample BE et al., Literature-derived bioaccumulation models for earthworms: Development and validation, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 2110, 1999.
    • (1999) Environ. Toxicol. Chem , vol.18 , pp. 2110
    • Sample, B.E.1
  • 61
    • 0042209705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elucidating the routes of exposure for organic chemical in the earthworm, Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta)
    • Jager T et al., Elucidating the routes of exposure for organic chemical in the earthworm, Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta), Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 3399, 2003.
    • (2003) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.37 , pp. 3399
    • Jager, T.1
  • 65
    • 0025767835 scopus 로고
    • Fate of the explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in soil and bioaccumulation in bush bean hydrophonic plants
    • Harvey SD et al., Fate of the explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in soil and bioaccumulation in bush bean hydrophonic plants, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 10, 845, 1991.
    • (1991) Environ. Toxicol. Chem , vol.10 , pp. 845
    • Harvey, S.D.1
  • 67
    • 0034666852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging, bioavailability and overestimation of risk from environmental pollutants
    • Alexander M, Aging, bioavailability and overestimation of risk from environmental pollutants, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 4259, 2000.
    • (2000) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.34 , pp. 4259
    • Alexander, M.1
  • 70
    • 0031021055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformation of TNT by aquatic plants and plant tissue cultures
    • Hughes JB et al., Transformation of TNT by aquatic plants and plant tissue cultures, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 266, 1997.
    • (1997) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.31 , pp. 266
    • Hughes, J.B.1
  • 71
    • 0033081882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confirmation of conjugation processes during TNT metabolism by axenic plant roots
    • Bhadra R et al., Confirmation of conjugation processes during TNT metabolism by axenic plant roots, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 446, 1999.
    • (1999) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.33 , pp. 446
    • Bhadra, R.1
  • 72
    • 0027528421 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrophenylmethylnitramine (Tetryl) in bush bean plants
    • Harvey SD et al., Analysis of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrophenylmethylnitramine (tetryl) in bush bean plants, J. Chromatogr., 630, 167, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Chromatogr , vol.630 , pp. 167
    • Harvey, S.D.1
  • 75
    • 85057293231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potentials for Attenuation and Remediation of Contaminants, International Business Communications Symposium on Phytoremediation [Abstract], May 8–10, Arlington, VA
    • Fellows RJ et al., Biotic and Abiotic Transformations of Munitions Materials (TNT, RDX) by Plants and Soils, Potentials for Attenuation and Remediation of Contaminants, International Business Communications Symposium on Phytoremediation [Abstract], May 8–10, Arlington, VA, 1996.
    • (1996) Biotic and Abiotic Transformations of Munitions Materials (TNT, RDX) by Plants and Soils
    • Fellows, R.J.1
  • 76
    • 85057239863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a Plant-Based, Short-Term (<12 days) Screening Method for Determination of Hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine (RDX) Bioavailability
    • Ph.D. dissertation, University of Mississippi, University, MS
    • Winfield LE, Development of a Plant-Based, Short-Term (<12 days) Screening Method for Determination of Hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine (RDX) Bioavailability, Bioconcentration, and Phytotoxicity to Selected Terrestrial Plants from Soil Matrices, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 2001.
    • (2001) Bioconcentration, and Phytotoxicity to Selected Terrestrial Plants from Soil Matrices
    • Winfield, L.E.1
  • 79
    • 0036142246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of HMX (Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) in indigenous and agricultural plants grown in HMX-contaminated anti-tank firing range soil
    • Groom CA et al., Accumulation of HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) in indigenous and agricultural plants grown in HMX-contaminated anti-tank firing range soil, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 112, 2002.
    • (2002) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.36 , pp. 112
    • Groom, C.A.1
  • 80
    • 0036840736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uptake and leaching of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5-tetrazocine by hybrid poplar trees
    • Yoon JM et al., Uptake and leaching of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5-tetrazocine by hybrid poplar trees, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 4649, 2002.
    • (2002) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.36 , pp. 4649
    • Yoon, J.M.1
  • 82
    • 85057251461 scopus 로고
    • Oak Ridge National Laboratory Final, Report, ORNL/M-1765, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
    • Shugart LR, Dinitrotoluene in Deer Tissues, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Final Report, ORNL/M-1765, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 1991.
    • (1991) Dinitrotoluene in Deer Tissues
    • Shugart, L.R.1
  • 84
    • 85057226970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • personal communication
    • Whaley JE, personal communication, 2001.
    • (2001)
    • Whaley, J.E.1
  • 85
    • 0018078722 scopus 로고
    • The distribution and metabolism of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) in the rat after subchronic administration
    • Schneider NR, Bradley SL, and Andersen ME, The distribution and metabolism of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) in the rat after subchronic administration, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 46, 163, 1978.
    • (1978) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , vol.46 , pp. 163
    • Schneider, N.R.1    Bradley, S.L.2    Andersen, M.E.3
  • 86
    • 0033048599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioaccumulation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and polychlorinated biphenyls through two routes of exposure in a terrestrial amphibian: Is the dermal route significant?
    • Johnson MS et al., Bioaccumulation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and polychlorinated biphenyls through two routes of exposure in a terrestrial amphibian: Is the dermal route significant? Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 873, 1999.
    • (1999) Environ. Toxicol. Chem , vol.18 , pp. 873
    • Johnson, M.S.1
  • 87
    • 0034043395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fate and biochemical effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene exposure to tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum)
    • Johnson MS et al., Fate and biochemical effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene exposure to tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum), Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 46, 186, 2000.
    • (2000) Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf , vol.46 , pp. 186
    • Johnson, M.S.1
  • 88
    • 33750544339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioavailability of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) to the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster)
    • Fellows RJ et al., Bioavailability of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) to the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 25, 1881, 2006.
    • (2006) Environ. Toxicol. Chem , vol.25 , pp. 1881
    • Fellows, R.J.1
  • 91
    • 50849152679 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between log Kow shake-flask values and capacity factors derived from reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography for n-alkylbenzenes and some reference substances
    • Harnisch M, Mockel HJ, and Schulze G, Relationship between log Kow shake-flask values and capacity factors derived from reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography for n-alkylbenzenes and some reference substances, J. Chromatogr., 282, 315, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Chromatogr , vol.282 , pp. 315
    • Harnisch, M.1    Mockel, H.J.2    Schulze, G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.