The mismatch between regional spatial planning for wind power development in Germany and national eligibility criteria for feed-in tariffs-A case study in West Saxony

Land Use Policy

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 243-254

  Ohl, Cornelia ^a   Eichhorn, Marcus ^a  

^a HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH UFZ   (Germany)

Author keywords

German regulations; Priority and suitability areas; Standard performance level; Wind power onshore

Indexed keywords

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY; ENERGY POLICY; ENERGY USE; ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; REGIONAL PLANNING; REGULATORY FRAMEWORK; SPATIAL PLANNING; TARIFF STRUCTURE; WIND FARM; WIND POWER; WIND TURBINE;

CENTRAL EUROPE; EURASIA; EUROPE; GERMANY; SAXONY;

EID: 70449641221     PISSN: 02648377     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.06.004     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Bishop I.D. Determination of thresholds of visual impact: the case of wind turbines. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 29 (2002) 707-718
2. Breukers S., and Wolsink M. Wind power implementation in changing institutional landscapes: An international comparison. Energy Policy 35 (2007) 2737-2750
3. Bright J., Langston R., Bullman R., Evans R., Gardener S., and Pearce-Higgins J. Map of bird sensitivities to wind farms in Scotland: A tool to aid planning and conservation. Biological Conservation 141 9 (2008) 2342-2356
4. Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (Ministry for the Environment, Protection of Nature and Reactor Safety) (BMU) 2007. EEG - The Renewable Energy Sources Act. The Success story of sustainable policies for Germany. URL: http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/eeg_brochure_engl.pdf (May 2009).
5. Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (Ministry for the Environment, Protection of Nature and Reactor Safety) (BMU) 2008a. Den Herausforderungen der Energie- und Klimapolitik erfolgreich begegnen - Hintergrundpapier zur Verabschiedung des zweiten Maßnahmenpaketes des integrierten Energie- und Klimaprogramms der Bundesregierung. (Successfully Coming to Terms with the Challenges of Energy and Climate Policies - background article on the adoption of the second measure package of the federal integrated energy and climate programme). URL: http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/ikep2_hintergrund.pdf (May 2009).
6. Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (Ministry for the Environment, Protection of Nature and Reactor Safety) (BMU), 2008b. Erneuerbaren Energien in Zahlen - Nationale und internationale Entwicklungen. Arbeitsgruppe Erneuerbare Energien-Statistik (AGEE-Stat). Redaktion: Referat KI III 1, Allgemeine und grundsätzliche Angelegenheiten der Erneuerbaren Energien. (Renewable Energies in Figures - National and international Developments. Workgroup Renewable Energies Statistics (AGEE-Stat). Eds. Work Group KI III 1, General and Basic Matters of Renewable Energies) URL: http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/ee_zahlen_update.pdf (May 2009).
7. Common Railroad Act (Allgemeines Eisenbahngesetz) (AEG), 2008.
8. Cowell R. Wind power and 'the planning problem': The experience of Wales. European Environment 17 (2007) 291-306
9. Cowell R. Wind power, landscape and strategic, spatial planning-The construction of 'acceptable locations' in Wales. Land Use Policy 27 (2010) 222-232
10. Deutsche Energie-Agentur (German Energy Agency) (dena), 2005. Energiewirtschaftliche Planung für die Netzintegration von Windenergie in Deutschland an Land und Offshore bis zum Jahr 2020 (Energy Planning for the Grid Feed-in of Wind Power on Land and Offshore in Germany up to 2020). Study on behalf of dena by the consortium DEWI, E-ON/Netz, EWI, RWE Transportnetz Strom, and Vattenfall Europe Transmission. Cologne. URL: http://www.dena.de/de/themen/thema-esd/publikationen/publikation/netzstudie/ (May 2009).
11. Deutscher Wetter Dienst (German Meteorological Service) (DWD), 2007. Winddaten für Deutschland Bezugszeitraum 1981-2000 (mittlere jährliche Windgeschwindigkeit und Weibull-Parameter 80m über Grund) (Wind Data for Germany from 1981-2000, average annual wind speed and Weibull distribution 80m above ground level). Abteilung Klima und Umweltberatung Zentrales Gutachterbüro, Offenbach (Department of Climate and Environment Counselling: Central Assessment Office. Offenbach), Germany.
12. Electricity feed-in Act, 1991. Gesetz über die Einspeisung von Strom aus erneuerbaren Energien in das öffentliche Netz -Stromeinspeisungsgestz (StromEinspG).
13. ENERCON, 2008. Enercon wind turbines. Product overview. URL:http://www.enercon.de/www/en/broschueren.nsf/vwwebAnzeige/15686F537B20CA13C125719400261D37/$FILE/ENERCON_Productoverview_en.pdf (May 2009).
14. Federal Highway Act (Bundesfernstraßengesetz) (FstrG), 2007.
15. Federal Emission Control Act (Gesetz zum Schutz vor schädlichen Umwelteinwirkungen durch Luftverunreinigungen, Geräusche, Erschütterungen und ähnliche Vorgänge) (BImSchG), 2007.
16. Federal Nature Conservation Act (Gesetz über Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege) (BNatSchG), 2008.
17. Federal Regional Planning Act (Raumordnungsgesetz) (ROG), 2008.
18. Gamboa G., and Munda G. The problem of wind farm location: A social multi-criteria evaluation framework. Energy Policy 35 (2007) 1564-1583
19. German Air Traffic Act (Luftverkehrsgesetz) (LuftVG), 2008.
20. Hau E. Wind Turbines. Fundamentals, Technology, Application, Economics (2006), Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg
21. Higgs G., Berry R., Kidner D., and Langford M. Using IT approaches to promote public participation in renewable energy planning: prospects and challenges. Land Use Policy 25 4 (2008) 596-607
22. Hirsch; W., Rindelhardt U., 1996. Windenergienutzung im Freistaat Sachsen: Windmessprogramm Sachsen, Teil II - Abschlußbericht. Publisher: Dresden Sachsisches Staatsministerium fur Umwelt und Landesentwicklung, Bereich Offentlichkeitsarbeit.
23. Hötker, H., Thomsen, K.-M., Jeromin, H., 2006. Impacts on biodiversity of exploitation of renewable energy sources: the example of birds and bats-facts, gaps in knowledge, demands for further research, and ornithological guidelines for the development of renewable energy exploitation. Michael-Otto-Institut im NABU, Bergenhusen. URL: http://bergenhusen.nabu.de/bericht/englische%20windkraftstudie.pdf (May 2009).
24. Hull A. Local strategies for renewable energy. Policy approaches in England and Wales. Land Use Policy 12 1 (1995) 7-16
25. Jacobsson S., Bergek A., Finon D., Lauber V., Mitchell C., Toke D., and Verbruggen A. EU renewable energy support policy: faith or facts?. Energy Policy 37 (2009) 2143-2146
26. Kellet J. Renewable energy and the UK planning system. Planning, Practice and Research 18 4 (2003) 307-315
27. Köck W., and Bovet J. Windenergieanlagen und Freiraumschutz. Natur und Recht (NuR) 30 (2008) 529-534
28. Krause C.L. Our visual landscape: managing the landscape under special consideration of visual aspects. Landscape and Urban Planning 54 (2001) 239-254
29. Kuckartz U., and Rheingans-Heintze A. Trends im Umweltbewusstsein (2006), Umweltgerechtigkeit Lebensqualität und persönliches Engagement, Wiesbaden
30. Lauber V., and Mez L. Three decades of renewable electricity policies in Germany. Energy & Environment 15 4 (2004) 599-623
31. McLaren Loring J. Wind energy in England Wales and Denmark: factors influencing project success. Energy Policy 35 4 (2007) 2648-2660
32. Meyerhoff, J., Ohl, C., Hartje, V. Landscape externalities from onshore wind power. Energy Policy. Paper available upon request, submitted for publication.
33. Möller B. Changing wind-power landscapes: regional assessment of visual impact on land use and population in Northern Jutland, Denmark. Applied Energy 83 (2006) 477-494
34. Munksgaard J., and Morthorst P.E. Wind power in the Danish liberalised power market-Policy measures, price impact and investor incentives. Energy Policy 36 10 (2008) 3940-3947
35. Nadaï A. "Planning" "siting" and the local acceptance of wind power: some lessons from the French case. Energy Policy 35 5 (2007) 2715-2726
36. Nadaï A., and Labussière O. Wind power planning in France (Aveyron), from state regulation to local planning. Land Use Policy 26 3 (2009) 744-754
37. Netinform, 2008. Erster Offshore Windpark in Deutschland. http://www.netinform.de/KE/Aktuelles_Detail.aspx?ID=2692; (September 2008).
38. Ohl C., and Eichhorn M. Nachhaltige Landnutzung im Kontext der Windenergie - Rationierung von Flächen als Antwort auf die energiepolitischen Ziele der Klimapolitik (Sustainable Land Use: Example Wind Power-Rationing Sites as an Answer to the Energy Policy Goals of Climate Policy). Journal of Environmental Law and Policy 4 (2008) 517-540
39. 2 reduction in the electricity sector through use of renewable energies) (2005), Fraunhofer Institute for Systems Analysis and Innovation Research, Karlsruhe
40. Regionaler Planungsverband Westsachsen (West Saxony Regional Planning Authority) (RPW), 2008. Regionalplan Westsachsen Gesamtfortschreibung. In: Kraft getreten mit der Bekanntmachung nach Section 7 Abs. 4 SächsLPlG am 25.07.2008, Regionale Planungsstelle Bautzner Str. 67 04347 Leipzig. (West Saxony Regional Planning Update. Became effective with the publication according to Section 7 Section 4 of the Saxony State Planning Law on 25 July). URL: http://www.rpv-westsachsen.de/ (May 2009).
41. Renewable Energy Sources Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz) (EEG), 2000.
42. Renewable Energy Sources Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz) (EEG), 2004.
43. Renewable Energy Sources Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz) (EEG), 2009.
44. Rogers, A.L., Manwell, J. F., Wright, S., 2002 amended 2006. Wind Turbine Acoustic Noise-A White Paper. Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Massachusetts at Amherst Amherst, MA 01003 413-545-4359. www.ceere.org/rerl. URL: http://www.wind-watch.org/documents/wp-content/uploads/rogers-windturbinenoise_rev2006.pdf (May 2009).
45. Saxonian Road Act (Sächsisches Straßengesetz) (SächsStrG), 2004.
46. Simão A., Densham P.J., and Haklay M. (M.) Web-based GIS for collaborative planning and public participation: an application to the strategic planning of wind farme sites. Journal of Environmental Management 90 6 (2009) 2027-2040
47. TA Lärm, 1998. Technische Anleitung zum Schutz gegen Lärm [neue Fassung] Sechste Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zum Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz (TA Lärm) vom 26. August 1998 (GMBl. Nr. 26 vom 28.08.1998 S. 503).
48. Toke D., Breukers S., and Wolsink M. Wind power deployment outcomes: how can we account for the differences?. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 12 (2008) 1129-1147
49. Wizelius T. Developing Wind Power Projects-Theory and Practice (2007), Earthscan, Sterling p. 276
50. Zoellner J., Schweizer-Ries P., and Wemheuer C. Public Acceptance of Renewable Energies: Results from Case Studies in Germany. Energy Policy 36 (2008) 4136-4141