Intellect as Distinct From Openness: Differences Revealed by fMRI of Working Memory

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Volumn 97, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 883-892

  DeYoung, Colin G ^a   Shamosh, Noah A ^b   Green, Adam E ^b   Braver, Todd S ^c   Gray, Jeremy R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

intellect; intelligence; openness; prefrontal cortex; working memory

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN MAPPING; CINGULATE GYRUS; EMOTION; FEMALE; FRONTAL LOBE; HEMISPHERIC DOMINANCE; HUMAN; IMAGE PROCESSING; IMAGINATION; INTELLIGENCE; MALE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PERSONALITY; PERSONALITY TEST; PHYSIOLOGY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SHORT TERM MEMORY; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BRAIN MAPPING; DOMINANCE, CEREBRAL; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; FRONTAL LOBE; GYRUS CINGULI; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; IMAGINATION; IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL; INTELLIGENCE; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PERSONALITY; PERSONALITY INVENTORY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 70449495665     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0016615     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Ackerman P.L., and Goff M. Typical intellectual engagement and personality: Reply to Rocklin (1994). Journal of Educational Psychology 86 (1994) 150-153
2. Ackerman P.L., and Heggestad E.D. Intelligence, personality, and interests: Evidence for overlapping traits. Psychological Bulletin 121 (1997) 219-245
3. Amodio D.M., Jost J.T., Master S.L., and Yee C.M. Neurocognitive correlates of liberalism and conservatism. Nature Neuroscience 10 (2007) 1246-1247
4. Arbuckle J.L. Amos 7.0 (Build 1140) [Computer software] (2006), Amos Development Corporation, Mount Pleasant, SC
5. Blair J.R., and Spreen O. Predicting premorbid IQ: A revision of the national adult reading test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 3 (1989) 129-136
6. Block J., and Block J.H. Nursery school personality and political orientation two decades later. Journal of Research in Personality 40 (2006) 734-749
7. Brett, M., Anton, J. -L., Valabregue, R., & Poline, J. -B. (2002, June 2-6). Region of interest analysis using an SPM toolbox [Abstract]. Presented at the 8th International Conference on Functional Mapping of the Human Brain, Sendai, Japan.
8. Brown J.W., and Braver T.S. Learned predictions of error likelihood in the anterior cingulate cortex. Science 307 (2005, February 18) 1118-1121
9. Bunge S.A., Helskoga E.H., and Wendelken C. Left, but not right, rostrolateral prefrontal cortex meets a stringent test of the relational integration hypothesis. NeuroImage 46 (2009) 338-342
10. Cabeza R., and Nyberg L. Imaging cognition II: An empirical review of 275 PET and fMRI studies. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 12 (2000) 1-47
11. Cacioppo J.T., Petty R.E., Feinstein J.A., and Jarvis W.B.G. Dispositional differences in cognitive motivation: The life and times of individuals varying in need for cognition. Psychological Bulletin 119 (1996) 197-253
12. Canli T., Desmond J.E., Zhao Z., and Gabrieli J.D.E. Sex differences in the neural basis of emotional memories. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99 (2002) 10789-10794
13. Carver C.S., and White T.L. Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67 (1994) 319-333
14. Cattell R.B. Measuring intelligence with the culture fair tests (1973), The Institute for Personality and Ability Testing, Champaign, IL
15. Christoff K., Prabhakaran V., Dorfman J., Zhao Z., Kroger J.K., Holyoak K.J., and Gabrieli J.D.E. Rostrolateral prefrontal cortex involvement in relational integration during reasoning. NeuroImage 14 (2001) 1136-1149
16. Conway A.R., Kane M.J., and Engle R.W. Working memory capacity and its relation to general intelligence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7 (2003) 547-552
17. Costa Jr. P.T., and McCrae R.R. Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual Differences 13 (1992) 653-665
18. Costa Jr. P.T., and McCrae R.R. NEO PI-R Professional Manual (1992), Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL
19. Deary I.J., Batty G.D., and Gale C.R. Bright children become enlightened adults. Psychological Science 19 (2008) 1-6
20. De Pisapia N., Slomski J.A., and Braver T.S. Functional specializations in lateral prefrontal cortex associated with the integration and segregation of information in working memory. Cerebral Cortex 17 (2007) 993-1006
21. DeYoung, C. G., & Gray, J. R. (in press). Personality neuroscience: Explaining individual differences in affect, behavior, and cognition. In P. J. Corr & G. Matthews (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of personality psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
22. DeYoung C.G., Peterson J.B., and Higgins D.M. Sources of Openness/Intellect: Cognitive and neuropsychological correlates of the fifth factor of personality. Journal of Personality 73 (2005) 825-858
23. DeYoung C.G., Quilty L.C., and Peterson J.B. Between facets and domains: Ten aspects of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 93 (2007) 880-896
24. Fales C.L., Barch D.M., Burgess G.C., Schaefer A., Mennin D.S., Braver T.S., and Gray J.R. Anxiety and cognitive efficiency: Differential modulation of transient and sustained neural activity during a working memory task. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience 8 (2008) 239-253
25. Freire L., Roche A., and Mangin J.-F. What is the best similarity measure for motion correction in fMRI?. IEEE Transactions in Medical Imaging 21 (2002) 470-484
26. Furnham A., Dissou G., Sloan P., and Chamorro-Premuzic T. Personality and intelligence in business people: A study of two personality and two intelligence measures. Journal of Business and Psychology 22 (2007) 99-109
27. Gilbert S.J., Spengler S., Simons J.S., Steele J.D., Lawrie S.M., Frith C.D., and Burgess P.W. Functional specialization within rostral prefrontal cortex (area 10): A meta-analysis. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18 (2006) 932-948
28. Goldberg L.R. An alternative "description of personality:" The Big-Five factor structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59 (1990) 1216-1229
29. Goldberg L.R. The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologist 48 (1993) 26-34
30. Goldberg L.R. A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. In: Mervielde I., Deary I., De Fruyt F., and Ostendorf F. (Eds). Personality psychology in Europe 7 (1999), Tilburg University Press, Tilburg, the Netherlands 7-28
31. Gray J.R., and Braver T.S. Personality predicts working-memory-related activation in the caudal anterior cingulate cortex. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 2 (2002) 64-75
32. Gray J.R., Burgess G.C., Schaefer A., Yarkoni T., Larsen R.J., and Braver T.S. Affective personality differences in neural processing efficiency confirmed using fMRI. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 5 (2005) 182-190
33. Gray J.R., Chabris C.F., and Braver T.S. Neural mechanisms of general fluid intelligence. Nature Neuroscience 6 (2003) 316-322
34. Gray J.R., and Thompson P.M. Neurobiology of intelligence: Science and ethics. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 5 (2004) 471-482
35. Green A.E., Fugelsang J.A., Kraemer D.J., Shamosh N.A., and Dunbar K.N. Frontopolar cortex mediates abstract integration in analogy. Brain Research 1096 (2006) 125-137
36. Hemphill J.F. Interpreting the magnitudes of correlation coefficients. American Psychologist 58 (2003) 78-80
37. Jang K.L., Hu S., Livesley W.J., Angleitner A., Riemann R., and Vernon P.A. Genetic and environmental influences on the covariance of facets defining the domains of the five-factor model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences 33 (2002) 83-101
38. Jang K.L., McCrae R.R., Angleitner A., Riemann R., and Livesley W.J. Heritability of facet-level traits in a cross-cultural twin sample: Support for a hierarchical model of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 (1998) 1556-1565
39. John O.P., Naumann L.P., and Soto C.J. Paradigm shift to the integrative Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and conceptual issues. In: John O.P., Robins R.W., and Pervin L.A. (Eds). Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2008), Guilford Press, New York 114-156
40. Johnson J.A. Clarification of factor five with the help of the AB5C model. European Journal of Personality 8 (1994) 311-334
41. Jung R.E., and Haier R.J. The parieto-frontal integration theory (P-FIT) of intelligence: Converging neuroimaging evidence. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30 (2007) 135-187
42. Kane M.J., and Engle R.W. The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: An individual-differences perspective. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 9 (2002) 637-671
43. Kaufman S.B. Sex differences in mental rotation and spatial visualization ability: Can they be accounted for by differences in working memory capacity?. Intelligence 35 (2007) 211-223
44. McCrae R.R. Openness to Experience as a basic dimension of personality. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality 13 (1993) 39-55
45. McCrae R.R., and Costa P.T. Updating Norman's "adequate taxonomy": Intelligence and personality dimensions in natural language and in questionnaires. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49 (1985) 710-721
46. McCrae R.R., and Costa P.T. Conceptions and correlates of Openness to Experience. In: Hogan R., Johnson J., and Briggs S. (Eds). Handbook of personality psychology (1997), Academic Press, Boston 825-847
47. Moutafi J., Furnham A., and Crump J. Demographic and personality predictors of intelligence: A study using the NEO Personality Inventory and the Myers-Brigg Type Indicator. European Journal of Personality 17 (2003) 79-94
48. Moutafi J., Furnham A., and Crump J. What facets of openness and conscientiousness predict fluid intelligence score?. Learning and Individual Differences 16 (2006) 31-42
49. Owen A.M., McMillan K.M., Laird A.R., and Bullmore E. N-back working memory paradigm: A meta-analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies. Human Brain Mapping 25 (2005) 46-59
50. Paulhus D.L., Lysy D.C., and Yik M.S.M. Self-report measures of intelligence: Are they useful as proxy IQ tests?. Journal of Personality 66 (1998) 525-554
51. Preacher K.J., and Hayes A.F. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods 40 (2008) 879-891
52. Ramnani N., and Owen A.M. Anterior prefrontal cortex: Insights into function from anatomy and neuroimaging. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 5 (2004) 184-194
53. Raven J., Raven J.C., and Court J.H. Manual for Raven progressive matrices and vocabulary scales (1998), Oxford Psychologists Press, Oxford, England
54. Reynolds J.R., McDermott K.B., and Braver T.S. A direct comparison of anterior prefrontal cortex involvement in episodic retrieval and integration. Cerebral Cortex 16 (2006) 519-528
55. Reynolds J.R., West R., and Braver T.S. Distinct neural circuits support transient and sustained processes in prospective memory and working memory. Cerebral Cortex 19 (2008) 1208-1221
56. Richard F.D., Bond Jr. C.F., and Stokes-Zoota J.J. One hundred years of social psychology quantitatively described. Review of General Psychology 7 (2003) 331-363
57. Ridderinkhof K.R., Ullsperger M., Crone E.A., and Nieuwenhuis S. The role of the medial frontal cortex in cognitive control. Science 306 (2004, October 15) 443-447
58. Saucier G. Openness versus intellect: Much ado about nothing?. European Journal of Personality 6 (1992) 381-386
59. Shamosh, N. A., DeYoung, C. G., Green, A. E., Reis, D. L., Johnson, M. R., Conway, A. R. A., et al. (2008). Individual differences in delay discounting: Relation to intelligence, working memory, and anterior prefrontal cortex. Manuscript submitted for publication. Psychological Science, 19, 904-911.
60. Shrout P.E., and Bolger N. Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods 7 (2002) 422-445
61. Wager T.D., and Smith E.E. Neuroimaging studies of working memory: A meta-analysis. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 3 (2003) 255-274
62. Wechsler D. WAIS-III administration and scoring manual (1997), Harcourt Brace & Company, San Antonio, TX
63. Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience. SPM2 [Computer software] (2003). http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm Retreived June, 29, 2009, from http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm