메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 17, 2009, Pages 2237-2245

How much ritonavir is needed to boost protease inhibitors? Systematic review of 17 dose-ranging pharmacokinetic trials

Author keywords

Amprenavir; Atazanavir; Clinical pharmacology; Darunavir; Fosamprenavir; Indinavir; Lopinavir; Ritonavir; Saquinavir

Indexed keywords

AMPRENAVIR PHOSPHATE; ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; ATAZANAVIR; ATAZANAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; DARUNAVIR; DARUNAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; ELVITEGRAVIR; GS 9350; INDINAVIR; INDINAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; KETOCONAZOLE; LOPINAVIR; LOPINAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; MELTREX; MIDAZOLAM; RITONAVIR; RITONAVIR PLUS SAQUINAVIR; RITONAVIR PLUS TIPRANAVIR; SAQUINAVIR; TIPRANAVIR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 70449440262     PISSN: 02699370     EISSN: 14735571     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328332c3a5     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (62)

References (50)
  • 2
    • 0028806725 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary study of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease, to treat HIV-1 infection
    • Markowitz M, Saag M, Powderly W, Hurley A, Hsu A, Valdes J, et al. A preliminary study of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease, to treat HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 1995; 333:1534-1539.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1534-1539
    • Markowitz, M.1    Saag, M.2    Powderly, W.3    Hurley, A.4    Hsu, A.5    Valdes, J.6    Al, E.7
  • 3
    • 0028846165 scopus 로고
    • A short-term study of the safety, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease
    • Danner S, Carr A, Leonard J, Lehman L, Gudiol F, Gonzalez J, et al. A short-term study of the safety, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. N Engl J Med 1995; 333:1528-1533.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1528-1533
    • Danner, S.1    Carr, A.2    Leonard, J.3    Lehman, L.4    Gudiol, F.5    Gonzalez, J.6    Al, E.7
  • 4
    • 0031751330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ritonavir, clinical pharmaco-kinetics and interactions with other anti-HIV agents
    • Hsu A, Granneman R, Bertz R. Ritonavir, clinical pharmaco-kinetics and interactions with other anti-HIV agents. Clin Pharmacokinet 1998; 35:275-291.
    • (1998) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.35 , pp. 275-291
    • Hsu, A.1    Granneman, R.2    Bertz, R.3
  • 5
    • 48949097660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral treatment of Adult HIV infection 2008 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA panel
    • Hammer S, Eron J, Reiss P, SchooleyR, Thompson M, Walmsley S, et al. Antiretroviral treatment of Adult HIV infection. 2008 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA panel. JAMA 2008; 300:555-570.
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.300 , pp. 555-570
    • Hammer, S.1    Eron, J.2    Reiss, P.3    Schooley, R.4    Thompson, M.5    Walmsley, S.6    Al, E.7
  • 6
    • 70449420775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pivotal biostudy comparing ritonavir 100 mg film coated tablet to a ritonavir soft-gelatin capsule in healthy adult subjects [abstract THAB404]
    • August Mexico City, Mexico
    • Klein C, Chiu Y, Awni W, Ng J, Xiong J, Roth W, et al. A pivotal biostudy comparing ritonavir 100 mg film coated tablet to a ritonavir soft-gelatin capsule in healthy adult subjects [abstract THAB404]. World AIDS Conference; August 2008; Mexico City, Mexico.
    • (2008) World AIDS Conference
    • Klein, C.1    Chiu, Y.2    Awni, W.3    Ng, J.4    Xiong, J.5    Roth, W.6
  • 7
    • 70449460233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of food on ritonavir bioavailability following administration of ritonavir 100 mg film coated tablet in healthy adult subjects [abstract P247]
    • April New Orleans, USA
    • Klein C, Chiu Y, Awni W, Ng J, Cui Y, Morris J, et al. The effect of food on ritonavir bioavailability following administration of ritonavir 100 mg film coated tablet in healthy adult subjects [abstract P247]. 9th International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV therapy; April 2008; New Orleans, USA.
    • (2008) 9th International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy
    • Klein, C.1    Chiu, Y.2    Awni, W.3    Ng, J.4    Cui, Y.5    Morris, J.6
  • 8
    • 28444452174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of low-dose ritonavir monotherapy on fasting serum lipid concentrations
    • Shafran S, Mashinter L, Roberts S. Effects of low-dose ritonavir monotherapy on fasting serum lipid concentrations. HIV Med 2005; 6:421-426.
    • (2005) HIV Med , vol.6 , pp. 421-426
    • Shafran, S.1    Mashinter, L.2    Roberts, S.3
  • 9
    • 78649296728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma exposure of 100mg once and twice daily decreases HDL and CD36 expression but only twice daily dosing increases triglycerides: Potential effect of ritonavir on cardiovascular disease [abstract 930]
    • 3-6 February Boston, MA, USA
    • Boffito M, Collot-Teixeira S, De Lorenzo F, Waters L, Fletcher C, Back D, et al. Plasma exposure of 100mg once and twice daily decreases HDL and CD36 expression but only twice daily dosing increases triglycerides: potential effect of ritonavir on cardiovascular disease [abstract 930]. 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; 3-6 February 2008; Boston, MA, USA.
    • (2008) 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Boffito, M.1    Collot-Teixeira, S.2    De Lorenzo, F.3    Waters, L.4    Fletcher, C.5    Back, D.6
  • 10
    • 64949092835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of first-line use of nucleo-side analogues, efavirenz and ritonavir boosted protease inhibitors on lipid levels
    • Hill A, Sawyer W, Gazzard B. Effects of first-line use of nucleo-side analogues, efavirenz and ritonavir boosted protease inhibitors on lipid levels. HIV Clin Trials 2009; 10:1-12.
    • (2009) HIV Clin Trials , vol.10 , pp. 1-12
    • Hill, A.1    Sawyer, W.2    Gazzard, B.3
  • 11
    • 65549084011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for gastrointestinal adverse events in HIV treated and untreated patients
    • Hill A, Balkin A. Risk factors for gastrointestinal adverse events in HIV treated and untreated patients. AIDS Rev 2009; 11:8-30.
    • (2009) AIDS Rev , vol.11 , pp. 8-30
    • Hill, A.1    Balkin, A.2
  • 14
    • 0035461510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saquinavir pharmaco-kinetics following combined ritonavir and saquinavir (soft gelatin capsules) administration
    • Buss N, Snell P, Bock J, Hsu A, Jorga K. Saquinavir pharmaco-kinetics following combined ritonavir and saquinavir (soft gelatin capsules) administration. Br J Clin Pharamacol 2001; 52:255-264.
    • (2001) Br J Clin Pharamacol , vol.52 , pp. 255-264
    • Buss, N.1    Snell, P.2    Bock, J.3    Hsu, A.4    Jorga, K.5
  • 15
    • 0036258812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of ritonavir on saquinavir plasma concentration is independent of ritonavir dosage: Combined analysis of pharmacokinetic data from 97 subjects
    • Kilby J, Hill A, Buss N. The effect of ritonavir on saquinavir plasma concentration is independent of ritonavir dosage: combined analysis of pharmacokinetic data from 97 subjects. HIV Med 2002; 3:97-104.
    • (2002) HIV Med , vol.3 , pp. 97-104
    • Kilby, J.1    Hill, A.2    Buss, N.3
  • 16
    • 67651085606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the boosting dose of ritonavir does not affect saquinavir plasma concentrations in HIV-1-infected individuals
    • van der Lugt J, Gorowara M, Avihingsanon A, Burger D, Ana-nworanich J, Sringam K, et al. Reducing the boosting dose of ritonavir does not affect saquinavir plasma concentrations in HIV-1-infected individuals. AIDS 2009; 23:1176-1179.
    • (2009) AIDS , vol.23 , pp. 1176-1179
    • Van Der Lugt, J.1    Gorowara, M.2    Avihingsanon, A.3    Burger, D.4    Ana-Nworanich, J.5    Sringam, K.6    Al, E.7
  • 17
    • 0008222080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of 50mg 100mg and 200mg ritonavir (RTV) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of amprenavir (APV) after ultipledosesinhealthyvolunteersforoncedaily(OD) andtwice daily (BID) regimens [abstract 351]
    • July Buenos Aires, Argentina
    • Kurowski M, Staszewski S, Arslan A, Nagaraja N, Derendorf H, Stark T, et al. Influence of 50mg, 100mg and 200mg ritonavir (RTV) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of amprenavir (APV) after multipledosesinhealthyvolunteersforoncedaily(OD) andtwice daily (BID) regimens [abstract 351]. 1st IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment; July 2001; Buenos Aires, Argentina.
    • (2001) 1st IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment
    • Kurowski, M.1    Staszewski, S.2    Arslan, A.3    Nagaraja, N.4    Derendorf, H.5    Stark, T.6
  • 18
    • 0006179308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharma-cokinetics and safety of amprenavir and ritonavir following multiple-dose, co-administration to healthy volunteers
    • Sadler B, Piliero P, Preston S, Lloyd P, Lou Y, Stein D. Pharma-cokinetics and safety of amprenavir and ritonavir following multiple-dose, co-administration to healthy volunteers. AIDS 2001; 15:1009-1018.
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , pp. 1009-1018
    • Sadler, B.1    Piliero, P.2    Preston, S.3    Lloyd, P.4    Lou, Y.5    Stein, D.6
  • 19
    • 33846601305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma amprenavir pharmacokinetics and tolerability following administration of 1400 milligrams of fosamprenavir once daily in combination with either 100 or 200 milligrams of ritonavir in healthy volunteers
    • Ruane P, Luber A, Wire M, Lou Y, Shalton M, Lancaster C, Pappa K. Plasma amprenavir pharmacokinetics and tolerability following administration of 1400 milligrams of fosamprenavir once daily in combination with either 100 or 200 milligrams of ritonavir in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:560-565.
    • (2007) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.51 , pp. 560-565
    • Ruane, P.1    Luber, A.2    Wire, M.3    Lou, Y.4    Shalton, M.5    Lancaster, C.6    Pappa, K.7
  • 21
    • 7244243887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steady-state pharmacokinetics of saquinavir hard-gel/ ritonavir/fosamprenavir in HIV-1 infected patients
    • Boffito M, Dickinson L, Hill A, Back D, Moyle G, Nelson M, et al. Steady-state pharmacokinetics of saquinavir hard-gel/ ritonavir/fosamprenavir in HIV-1 infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004; 37:1376-1384.
    • (2004) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.37 , pp. 1376-1384
    • Boffito, M.1    Dickinson, L.2    Hill, A.3    Back, D.4    Moyle, G.5    Nelson, M.6    Al, E.7
  • 22
    • 0346653845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TMC114 a next generation HIV protease inhibitor: Pharmacokinetics and safety following oral administration of multiple doses with and without low doses of ritonavir in healthy volunteers [abstract and poster 549]
    • 10-14 February Boston, USA
    • Hoetelmans R, van der Sandt I, De Pauw M, Struble K, Peeters M, van der Geest R. TMC114, a next generation HIV protease inhibitor: pharmacokinetics and safety following oral administration of multiple doses with and without low doses of ritonavir in healthy volunteers [abstract and poster 549]. 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; 10-14 February 2003; Boston, USA.
    • (2003) 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Hoetelmans, R.1    Van Der Sandt, I.2    De Pauw, M.3    Struble, K.4    Peeters, M.5    Van Der Geest, R.6
  • 23
    • 70449452318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect on atazanavir (ATV) and ritonavir (rtv) plasma levels of increasing ATV/rtv daily dosing from 300/100mg to 300/200mg and 400/200mg [abstract 91; Poster 8.3]
    • 28-30 April Québec
    • Alexander C, Harris M, Joy R. Effect on atazanavir (ATV) and ritonavir (rtv) plasma levels of increasing ATV/rtv daily dosing from 300/100mg to 300/200mg and 400/200mg [abstract 91; poster 8.3]. 6th Intl Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy; 28-30 April 2005; Québec.
    • (2005) 6th Intl Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy
    • Alexander, C.1    Harris, M.2    Joy, R.3
  • 24
    • 0034801355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic profile and tolerability of indinavir-ritonavir combinations in healthy volunteers
    • Saah A, Winchell G, Nessly M, Seniuk M, Rhodes R, Deutsch P. Pharmacokinetic profile and tolerability of indinavir-ritonavir combinations in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Che-mother 2001; 45:2710-2715.
    • (2001) Antimicrob Agents Che-mother , vol.45 , pp. 2710-2715
    • Saah, A.1    Winchell, G.2    Nessly, M.3    Seniuk, M.4    Rhodes, R.5    Deutsch, P.6
  • 25
    • 0038746300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open-label steady-state investigation of the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tipranavir (TPV) and ritonavir (RTV) and their effects on cytochrome P-450 (3A4) activity in normal healthy volunteers (BI 1182.5) [abstract 343W]
    • February Seattle, USA
    • McCallister S, Sabo J, Mayers D, Galitz L. An open-label, steady-state investigation of the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tipranavir (TPV) and ritonavir (RTV) and their effects on cytochrome P-450 (3A4) activity in normal, healthy volunteers (BI 1182.5) [abstract 343W]. 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; February 2002; Seattle, USA.
    • (2002) 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • McCallister, S.1    Sabo, J.2    Mayers, D.3    Galitz, L.4
  • 26
    • 33646896140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steady-state pharmacokinetics and short-term virolo-gic response to two lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r) high-dose regimens in multiple antiretroviral experienced subjects (study 049) [abstract 843]
    • July Paris France
    • Flexner C, Chiu Y-L, Foit C, Perez P, Tillmann E, Podzdamczer D, et al. Steady-state pharmacokinetics and short-term virolo-gic response to two lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r) high-dose regimens in multiple antiretroviral experienced subjects (study 049) [abstract 843]. Second IAS Conference on HIV Pathogen-esis and Treatment; July 2003; Paris France.
    • (2003) Second IAS Conference on HIV Pathogen-esis and Treatment
    • Flexner, C.1    Chiu, Y.-L.2    Foit, C.3    Perez, P.4    Tillmann, E.5    Podzdamczer, D.6
  • 27
    • 17044457875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ABT-378/ritonavir plus stavudine and lamivudine for the treatment of antiretroviral-näive adults with HIV-1 infection: 48 week results
    • Murphy R, Brun S, Hicks C, Eron J, Gulick R, King M, et al. ABT-378/ritonavir plus stavudine and lamivudine for the treatment of antiretroviral-näive adults with HIV-1 infection: 48 week results. AIDS 2001; 15:1-9.
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , pp. 1-9
    • Murphy, R.1    Brun, S.2    Hicks, C.3    Eron, J.4    Gulick, R.5    King, M.6    Al, E.7
  • 28
    • 70449406144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple dose safety tolerability and pharmacoki-netics of ABT-378 in combination with ritonavir [abstract I-194]
    • February Chicago, USA
    • Lal R, Hsu A, Granneman G, El-Shourbagy T, Johnson M, Lam W, et al. Multiple dose safety, tolerability and pharmacoki-netics of ABT-378 in combination with ritonavir [abstract I-194]. 5th CROI; February 1998; Chicago, USA.
    • (1998) 5th CROI
    • Lal, R.1    Hsu, A.2    Granneman, G.3    El-Shourbagy, T.4    Johnson, M.5    Lam, W.6
  • 29
    • 42149113999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and short-term efficacy of a double-boosted protease inhibitor regimen in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected adults
    • van der Lugt J, Autar RS, Ubolyam S, Garcia E, Sankote J, Avihingson A, et al. Pharmacokinetics and short-term efficacy of a double-boosted protease inhibitor regimen in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected adults. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 61:1145-1153.
    • (2008) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.61 , pp. 1145-1153
    • Van Der Lugt, J.1    Autar, R.S.2    Ubolyam, S.3    Garcia, E.4    Sankote, J.5    Avihingson, A.6    Al, E.7
  • 30
    • 7144257182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic interactions between two human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors, ritonavir and saquinavir
    • Hsu A, Granneman R, Guoliang C, Carothers L, El-Shourbagy T, Baroldi P, et al. Pharmacokinetic interactions between two human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors, ritonavir and saquinavir. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998; 63:453-464.
    • (1998) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.63 , pp. 453-464
    • Hsu, A.1    Granneman, R.2    Guoliang, C.3    Carothers, L.4    El-Shourbagy, T.5    Baroldi, P.6    Al, E.7
  • 31
    • 65449168722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ritonavir-boosted dar-unavir vs. ritonavir boosted atazanavir on lipid and glucose parameters in HIV-negative, healthy volunteers
    • Tomaka F, Lefebvre E, Sekar V, Van Baelen B, Vangeneugden T, Vandevoorde A, Miralles D. Effects of ritonavir-boosted dar-unavir vs. ritonavir boosted atazanavir on lipid and glucose parameters in HIV-negative, healthy volunteers. HIV Med 2009; 10:318-327
    • (2009) HIV Med , vol.10 , pp. 318-327
    • Tomaka, F.1    Lefebvre, E.2    Sekar, V.3    Van Baelen, B.4    Vangeneugden, T.5    Vandevoorde, A.6    Miralles, D.7
  • 34
    • 12144286333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saquinavir exposure is not impaired by the boosted double protease inhibitor combination of lopinavir/ritonavir
    • Stephan C, v Hentig N, Kourbeti I, Dauer B, Mosch M, Lutz T, et al. Saquinavir exposure is not impaired by the boosted double protease inhibitor combination of lopinavir/ritonavir. AIDS 2004; 18:503-508.
    • (2004) AIDS , vol.18 , pp. 503-508
    • Stephan, C.1    Hentig, N.2    Kourbeti, I.3    Dauer, B.4    Mosch, M.5    Lutz, T.6
  • 36
    • 0032971472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ritonavir and saquinavir combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection
    • Cameron W, Japour A, Xu Y, Hsu A, Mellors J, Farthing C, et al. Ritonavir and saquinavir combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection. AIDS 1999; 13:213-224.
    • (1999) AIDS , vol.13 , pp. 213-224
    • Cameron, W.1    Japour, A.2    Xu, Y.3    Hsu, A.4    Mellors, J.5    Farthing, C.6    Al, E.7
  • 37
    • 0033802649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and pharmacokinetics of once-daily regimens of soft-gel capsule saquinavir plus mini-dose ritonavir in HIV-negative adults
    • Kilby J, Sfakianos G, Gizzi N, Siemon-Hryczyk P, Ehrensing E, Oo C, et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of once-daily regimens of soft-gel capsule saquinavir plus mini-dose ritonavir in HIV-negative adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:2672-2678.
    • (2000) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.44 , pp. 2672-2678
    • Kilby, J.1    Sfakianos, G.2    Gizzi, N.3    Siemon-Hryczyk, P.4    Ehrensing, E.5    Oo, C.6    Al, E.7
  • 38
    • 20244374969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boosted saquinavir hard gel formulation exposure in HIV-infected subjects: Ritonavir 100mg once daily versus twice daily
    • Boffito M, Maitland D, Dickinson L, Back D, Hill A, Fletcher C, et al. Boosted saquinavir hard gel formulation exposure in HIV-infected subjects: ritonavir 100mg once daily versus twice daily. J Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 55:542-545
    • (2005) J Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.55 , pp. 542-545
    • Boffito, M.1    Maitland, D.2    Dickinson, L.3    Back, D.4    Hill, A.5    Fletcher, C.6    Al, E.7
  • 39
    • 62649093555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics,efficacyandsafety of darunavir/ritonavir 800/100mgonce-dailyintreatment-näive and experienced patients
    • BoffitoM,MirallesD,HillA.Pharmacokinetics,efficacyandsafety of darunavir/ritonavir 800/100mgonce-dailyintreatment-näive and experienced patients. HIV Clin Trials 2008; 9:418-427.
    • (2008) HIV Clin Trials , vol.9 , pp. 418-427
    • Boffito, M.1    Miralles, D.2    Hill, A.3
  • 40
    • 63849123835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorption, metabolism and excretion of darunavir, a new protease inhibitor, administered alone and with low-dose ritonavir in healthy subjects
    • Vermeir M, Lachau-Durand S, Mannens G, Cuyckens F, van Hoof B, Raoof A. Absorption, metabolism and excretion of darunavir, a new protease inhibitor, administered alone and with low-dose ritonavir in healthy subjects. Drug Metab Dispos 2009; 37:1521-1529.
    • (2009) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.37 , pp. 1521-1529
    • Vermeir, M.1    Lachau-Durand, S.2    Mannens, G.3    Cuyckens, F.4    Van Hoof, B.5    Raoof, A.6
  • 41
    • 70449391731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reyataz (atazanavir sulphate) capsules
    • ristol-Myers Squibb Company
    • Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Reyataz (atazanavir sulphate) capsules. Product information. www.reyataz.com.
    • Product Information
  • 42
    • 3042636428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atazanavir enhances saquinavir hard-gel concentrations in a ritonavir-boosted once-daily regimen
    • BoffitoM,KurowskiM,KruseG, HillA,BenzieA,NelsonM,etal. Atazanavir enhances saquinavir hard-gel concentrations in a ritonavir-boosted once-daily regimen. AIDS 2004; 18:1291-1297.
    • (2004) AIDS , vol.18 , pp. 1291-1297
    • Boffito, M.1    Kurowski, M.2    Kruse, G.3    Hill, A.4    Benzie, A.5    Nelson, M.6    Al, E.7
  • 43
    • 34147176581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tablet formulation of lopinavir/ritonavir provides similar bioa-vailability to the soft-gelatin capsule formulation with less pharmacokinetic variability and diminished food effect
    • Klein C, Chiu Y, Awni W, Zhu T, Heuser R, Doan T, et al. The tablet formulation of lopinavir/ritonavir provides similar bioa-vailability to the soft-gelatin capsule formulation with less pharmacokinetic variability and diminished food effect. J Ac-quir Immune Defic Syndr 2007; 44:401-410.
    • (2007) J Ac-quir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.44 , pp. 401-410
    • Klein, C.1    Chiu, Y.2    Awni, W.3    Zhu, T.4    Heuser, R.5    Doan, T.6    Al, E.7
  • 45
    • 78249271872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virological efficacy and impact on lipids profile of a reduced dosing (2 tablets BID) of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/ r) in HIV infected patients (Kaledose Trial) [abstract H-1384]
    • September San Francisco, USA
    • Meynard J, Lacombe K, Poirier J, Masseguin C, Lefebvre B, Slama L, et al. Virological efficacy and impact on lipids profile of a reduced dosing (2 tablets BID) of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/ r) in HIV infected patients (Kaledose Trial) [abstract H-1384]. 46th ICAAC; September 2006; San Francisco, USA.
    • (2006) 46th ICAAC
    • Meynard, J.1    Lacombe, K.2    Poirier, J.3    Masseguin, C.4    Lefebvre, B.5    Slama, L.6
  • 46
    • 84877853553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of lopinavir and ritonavir tablet and soft gelatin capsule pharmacokinetics in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1 infected subjects [abstract P37]
    • April New Orleans, USA
    • Klein C, Xiong J, Ng J, Causemaker S, Li J, Chiu Y, et al. Comparison of lopinavir and ritonavir tablet and soft gelatin capsule pharmacokinetics in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1 infected subjects [abstract P37]. 9th International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy; April 2008; New Orleans, USA.
    • (2008) 9th International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy
    • Klein, C.1    Xiong, J.2    Ng, J.3    Causemaker, S.4    Li, J.5    Chiu, Y.6
  • 47
    • 34447555623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketoconazole is inferior to ritonavir as an alternative booster for saquinavir in a once daily regimen in Thai HIV-1 infected patients
    • Autar RS, Wit FW, Sankote J, Sutthichom D, Kimenai E, Hassink E. Ketoconazole is inferior to ritonavir as an alternative booster for saquinavir in a once daily regimen in Thai HIV-1 infected patients. AIDS 2007; 21:1535-1539.
    • (2007) AIDS , vol.21 , pp. 1535-1539
    • Autar, R.S.1    Wit, F.W.2    Sankote, J.3    Sutthichom, D.4    Kimenai, E.5    Hassink, E.6
  • 48
    • 0037182766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lopinavir-ritonavir versus nelfinavir for the initial treatment of HIV infection
    • Walmsley S, Bernstein B, King M, Arribas J, Beall G, Ruane P. Lopinavir-ritonavir versus nelfinavir for the initial treatment of HIV infection. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:2039-2046.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 2039-2046
    • Walmsley, S.1    Bernstein, B.2    King, M.3    Arribas, J.4    Beall, G.5    Ruane, P.6
  • 49
    • 19244373816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between lopinavir plasma levels and lipid abnormalities in patients taking lopinavir/ritonavir
    • Gonzalez de Requena D, Blanco F, Garcia-Benayas T. Correlation between lopinavir plasma levels and lipid abnormalities in patients taking lopinavir/ritonavir. AIDS Patient Care 2003; 17:443-445.
    • (2003) AIDS Patient Care , vol.17 , pp. 443-445
    • Gonzalez De Requena, D.1    Blanco, F.2    Garcia-Benayas, T.3
  • 50
    • 17044457456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lopinavir plasma concentrations and changes in lipid levels during salvage therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir containing regimens
    • Guiterrez F, Padilla S, Navarro A, Masia M, Hernandez I, Ramos J, et al. Lopinavir plasma concentrations and changes in lipid levels during salvage therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir containing regimens. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003; 33:594-600
    • (2003) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.33 , pp. 594-600
    • Guiterrez, F.1    Padilla, S.2    Navarro, A.3    Masia, M.4    Hernandez, I.5    Ramos, J.6    Al, E.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.