메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 163, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 1037-1045

Television exposure as a risk factor for aggressive behavior among 3-year-old children

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGGRESSION; ARTICLE; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; TELEVISION; VIOLENCE;

EID: 70350741362     PISSN: 10724710     EISSN: 15383628     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.193     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (70)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0024377775 scopus 로고
    • Early predictors of adolescent aggression and adult violence
    • Farrington DP. Early predictors of adolescent aggression and adult violence. Violence Vict. 1989;4(2):79-100.
    • (1989) Violence Vict , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 79-100
    • Farrington, D.P.1
  • 2
    • 0032819111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood risk factors for adolescent gang membership: Results from the Seattle Social Development Project
    • Hill KG, Howell JC, Hawkins JD, Battin-Pearson SR. Childhood risk factors for adolescent gang membership: results from the Seattle Social Development Project. J Res Crime Delinq. 1999;36(3):300-322.
    • (1999) J Res Crime Delinq , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 300-322
    • Hill, K.G.1    Howell, J.C.2    Hawkins, J.D.3    Battin-Pearson, S.R.4
  • 3
    • 0025437756 scopus 로고
    • Juvenile delinquency and attention deficit disorder: Boys' developmental trajectories from age 3 to age 15
    • Moffitt TE. Juvenile delinquency and attention deficit disorder: boys' developmental trajectories from age 3 to age 15. Child Dev. 1990;61(3):893-910.
    • (1990) Child Dev , vol.61 , Issue.3 , pp. 893-910
    • Moffitt, T.E.1
  • 5
    • 1142266572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connections between Temperament and Social Development: A Review
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1467-9507.2004.00261.x
    • Sanson A, Hemphill SA, Smart D. Connections between temperament and social development: a review. Soc Dev. 2004;13(1):142-170. (Pubitemid 38213601)
    • (2004) Social Development , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 142-170
    • Sanson, A.1    Hemphill, S.A.2    Smart, D.3
  • 7
    • 0035261197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Academy of Pediatrics: Children, adolescents, and television
    • American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Public Education
    • American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Public Education. American Academy of Pediatrics: children, adolescents, and television. Pediatrics. 2001;107(2):423-426.
    • (2001) Pediatrics , vol.107 , Issue.2 , pp. 423-426
  • 8
    • 70350710521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed April 24, 2008
    • American Academy of Pediatrics. Parenting Corner Q&A: TV and Your Family. http://www.aap.org/family/tv1.htm. Accessed April 24, 2008.
    • Parenting Corner Q&A: TV and Your Family
  • 9
    • 57749086783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is television healthy? the medical perspective
    • Pecora N, Murray JP, Wartella E, eds. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Rich M. Is television healthy? the medical perspective. In: Pecora N, Murray JP, Wartella E, eds. Children and Television: Fifty Years of Research. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2007:109-147.
    • (2007) Children and Television: Fifty Years of Research , pp. 109-147
    • Rich, M.1
  • 12
    • 33750949420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review for the effects of television viewing by infants and preschoolers
    • Thakkar RR, Garrison MM, Christakis DA. A systematic review for the effects of television viewing by infants and preschoolers. Pediatrics. 2006;118(5):2025-2031.
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.118 , Issue.5 , pp. 2025-2031
    • Thakkar, R.R.1    Garrison, M.M.2    Christakis, D.A.3
  • 13
    • 35148896738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's television exposure and behavioral and social outcomes at 5.5 years: Does timing of exposure matter?
    • Mistry KB, Minkovitz CS, Strobino DM, Borzekowski DLG. Children's television exposure and behavioral and social outcomes at 5.5 years: does timing of exposure matter? Pediatrics. 2007;120(4):762-769.
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.120 , Issue.4 , pp. 762-769
    • Mistry, K.B.1    Minkovitz, C.S.2    Strobino, D.M.3    Borzekowski, D.L.G.4
  • 14
    • 33750491278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media exposure, aggression and prosocial behavior during early childhood: A longitudinal study
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2006.00360.x
    • Ostrov JM, Gentile DA, Crick NR. Media exposure, aggression and prosocial behavior during early childhood: a longitudinal study. Soc Dev. 2006;15(4):612-627. (Pubitemid 44657177)
    • (2006) Social Development , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 612-627
    • Ostrov, J.M.1    Gentile, D.A.2    Crick, N.R.3
  • 15
    • 0015657794 scopus 로고
    • Aggressive and prosocial television programs and the natural behavior of preschool children
    • Friedrich L, Stein A. Aggressive and prosocial television programs and the natural behavior of preschool children. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev. 1973;38(151):1-64.
    • (1973) Monogr Soc Res Child Dev , vol.38 , Issue.151 , pp. 1-64
    • Friedrich, L.1    Stein, A.2
  • 16
    • 84981904417 scopus 로고
    • The influence of aggressive and neutral cartoons and toys on the behaviour of preschool children
    • Sanson A, Muccio C. The influence of aggressive and neutral cartoons and toys on the behaviour of preschool children. Aust Psychol. 1993;28(2):93-99.
    • (1993) Aust Psychol , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 93-99
    • Sanson, A.1    Muccio, C.2
  • 17
    • 34547553665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of aggressive mental models in young children
    • Krcmar HA. The development of aggressive mental models in young children. Media Psychol. 2007;10(2):250-269.
    • (2007) Media Psychol , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 250-269
    • Krcmar, H.A.1
  • 19
    • 16844368577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early cognitive stimulation, emotional support, and television watching as predictors of subsequent bullying among grade-school children
    • DOI 10.1001/archpedi.159.4.384
    • Zimmerman FJ, Glew GM, Christakis DA, Katon W. Early cognitive stimulation, emotional support, and television watching as predictors of subsequent bullying among grade-school children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159(4):384-388. (Pubitemid 40489185)
    • (2005) Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , vol.159 , Issue.4 , pp. 384-388
    • Zimmerman, F.J.1    Glew, G.M.2    Christakis, D.A.3    Katon, W.4
  • 20
    • 36048929750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violent television viewing during preschool is associated with antisocial behavior during school age
    • Christakis DA, Zimmerman FJ. Violent television viewing during preschool is associated with antisocial behavior during school age. Pediatrics. 2007;120(5):993-999.
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.120 , Issue.5 , pp. 993-999
    • Christakis, D.A.1    Zimmerman, F.J.2
  • 21
    • 84985097778 scopus 로고
    • Family patterns and television viewing as predictors of children's beliefs and aggression
    • Singer J, Singer D, Rapaczynski W. Family patterns and television viewing as predictors of children's beliefs and aggression. J Commun. 1984;34(2):73-89.
    • (1984) J Commun , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-89
    • Singer, J.1    Singer, D.2    Rapaczynski, W.3
  • 22
    • 43549087862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media and children's aggression, fear, and altruism
    • DOI 10.1353/foc.0.0005
    • Wilson B. Media and children's aggression, fear, and altruism. Future Child. 2008;18(1):87-118. (Pubitemid 351679933)
    • (2008) Future of Children , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-118
    • Wilson, B.J.1
  • 24
    • 1842429671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early Television Exposure and Subsequent Attentional Problems in Children
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.113.4.708
    • Christakis DA, Zimmerman F, DiGiuseppe D, McCarty C. Early television exposure and subsequent attentional problems in children. Pediatrics. 2004;113(4):708-713. (Pubitemid 38437372)
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113 , Issue.4 I , pp. 708-713
    • Christakis, D.A.1    Zimmerman, F.J.2    Digiuseppe, D.L.3    McCarty, C.A.4
  • 25
    • 34347245653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brief report: Television viewing and risk for attention problems in preschool children
    • Miller CJ, Marks DJ, Miller SR, et al. Brief report: television viewing and risk for attention problems in preschool children. J Pediatr Psychol. 2007;32(4):448-452.
    • (2007) J Pediatr Psychol , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 448-452
    • Miller, C.J.1    Marks, D.J.2    Miller, S.R.3
  • 26
    • 36048948871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between content types of early media exposure and subsequent attentional problems
    • Zimmerman FJ, Christakis DA. Associations between content types of early media exposure and subsequent attentional problems. Pediatrics. 2007;120(5):986-992.
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.120 , Issue.5 , pp. 986-992
    • Zimmerman, F.J.1    Christakis, D.A.2
  • 27
    • 33644678827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between television viewing and irregular sleep schedules among children less than 3 years of age
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.2004-2788
    • Thompson DA, Christakis D. The association between television viewing and irregular sleep schedules among children less than 3 years of age. Pediatrics. 2005;116(4):851-856. (Pubitemid 44542810)
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.116 , Issue.4 , pp. 851-856
    • Thompson, D.A.1    Christakis, D.A.2
  • 28
    • 11144314702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Television and very young children
    • Anderson DR, Pempek TA. Television and very young children. Am Behav Sci. 2005;48(5):505-522.
    • (2005) Am Behav Sci , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 505-522
    • Anderson, D.R.1    Pempek, T.A.2
  • 29
    • 11144318621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infants' and toddlers' television viewing and language outcomes
    • DOI 10.1177/0002764204271505
    • Linebarger DL, Walker D. Infants' and toddlers' television viewing and language outcomes. Am Behav Sci. 2005;48(5):624-645. (Pubitemid 40030934)
    • (2005) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 624-645
    • Linebarger, D.L.1    Walker, D.2
  • 30
    • 34548661300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between Media Viewing and Language Development in Children under Age 2 Years
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.04.071, PII S0022347607004477
    • Zimmerman FJ, Christakis DA, Meltzoff AN. Associations between media viewing and language development in children under age 2 years. J Pediatr. 2007;151(4):364-368. (Pubitemid 47418003)
    • (2007) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.151 , Issue.4 , pp. 364-368
    • Zimmerman, F.J.1    Christakis, D.A.2    Meltzoff, A.N.3
  • 33
    • 0035462309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relations of early television viewing to school readiness and vocabulary of children from low-income families: The early window project
    • Wright JC, Huston A, Murphy K, et al. The relations of early television viewing to school readiness and vocabulary of children from low-income families: the early window project. Child Dev. 2001;72(5):1347-1366. (Pubitemid 33596530)
    • (2001) Child Development , vol.72 , Issue.5 , pp. 1347-1366
    • Wright, J.C.1    Huston, A.C.2    Murphy, K.C.3    St Peters, M.4    Pinon, M.5    Scantlin, R.6    Kotler, J.7
  • 35
    • 0023462817 scopus 로고
    • Empirically based assessment of the behavioral/emotional problems of 2- And 3- year-old children
    • Achenbach TM, Edelbrock C, Howell CT. Empirically based assessment of the behavioral/emotional problems of 2- and 3- year-old children. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1987;15(4):629-650.
    • (1987) J Abnorm Child Psychol , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 629-650
    • Achenbach, T.M.1    Edelbrock, C.2    Howell, C.T.3
  • 37
    • 85047686665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating Biological and Social Processes in Relation to Early-Onset Persistent Aggression in Boys and Girls
    • DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.39.2.309
    • Brennan PA, Hall J, Bor W, Najman JM, Williams G. Integrating biological and social processes in relation to early-onset persistent aggression in boys and girls. Dev Psychol. 2003;39(2):309-323. (Pubitemid 37189428)
    • (2003) Developmental Psychology , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 309-323
    • Brennan, P.A.1    Hall, J.2    Bor, W.3    Najman, J.M.4    Williams, G.5
  • 38
    • 33846159154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social skills and behavior problems of urban, African American preschoolers: Role of parenting practices, family conflict, and maternal depression
    • Koblinsky SA, Kuvalanka KA, Randolph SM. Social skills and behavior problems of urban, African American preschoolers: role of parenting practices, family conflict, and maternal depression. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2006;76(4):554-563.
    • (2006) Am J Orthopsychiatry , vol.76 , Issue.4 , pp. 554-563
    • Koblinsky, S.A.1    Kuvalanka, K.A.2    Randolph, S.M.3
  • 39
    • 36048960082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental depression and anxiety and early childhood behavior problems across family types
    • Meadows SO, McLanahan SS, Brooks-Gunn J. Parental depression and anxiety and early childhood behavior problems across family types. J Marriage Fam. 2007;69(5):1162-1177.
    • (2007) J Marriage Fam , vol.69 , Issue.5 , pp. 1162-1177
    • Meadows, S.O.1    McLanahan, S.S.2    Brooks-Gunn, J.3
  • 40
    • 0345530055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting growth curves of externalizing behavior across the preschool years
    • Owens EB, Shaw DS. Predicting growth curves of externalizing behavior across the preschool years. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2003;31(6):575-590.
    • (2003) J Abnorm Child Psychol , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 575-590
    • Owens, E.B.1    Shaw, D.S.2
  • 41
    • 85047688518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trajectories Leading to School-Age Conduct Problems
    • DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.39.2.189
    • Shaw DS, Gilliom M, Ingoldsby EM, Nagin DS. Trajectories leading to schoolage conduct problems. Dev Psychol. 2003;39(2):189-200. (Pubitemid 37189421)
    • (2003) Developmental Psychology , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-200
    • Shaw, D.S.1    Gilliom, M.2    Ingoldsby, E.M.3    Nagin, D.S.4
  • 42
    • 0037949006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are discrepancies among child, mother, and father reports on children's behavior related to parents' psychological symptoms and aspects of parent-child relationships?
    • Treutler CM, Epkins CC. Are discrepancies among child, mother, and father reports on children's behavior related to parents' psychological symptoms and aspects of parent-child relationships? J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2003;31(1):13-27.
    • (2003) J Abnorm Child Psychol , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-27
    • Treutler, C.M.1    Epkins, C.C.2
  • 43
    • 0001661458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short-Form (CIDI-SF)
    • Kessler R. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short-Form (CIDI-SF). Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 1998;7(4):171-185.
    • (1998) Int J Methods Psychiatr Res , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 171-185
    • Kessler, R.1
  • 45
    • 33644838188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental trajectories of externalizing and internalizing behaviors: Factors underlying resilience in physically abused children
    • Lansford JE, Malone PS, Stevens KI, Dodge KA, Bates JE, Pettit GS. Developmental trajectories of externalizing and internalizing behaviors: factors underlying resilience in physically abused children. Dev Psychopathol. 2006;18(1):35-55.
    • (2006) Dev Psychopathol , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-55
    • Lansford, J.E.1    Malone, P.S.2    Stevens, K.I.3    Dodge, K.A.4    Bates, J.E.5    Pettit, G.S.6
  • 46
    • 0033162970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between mothers' hostile attribution tendencies and children's externalizing behavior problems: The mediating role of mothers' harsh discipline practices
    • Nix RL, Pinderhughes EE, Dodge KA, Bates JE, Pettit GS, McFadyen-Ketchum SA. The relation between mothers' hostile attribution tendencies and children's externalizing behavior problems: the mediating role of mothers' harsh discipline practices. Child Dev. 1999;70(4):896-909.
    • (1999) Child Dev , vol.70 , Issue.4 , pp. 896-909
    • Nix, R.L.1    Pinderhughes, E.E.2    Dodge, K.A.3    Bates, J.E.4    Pettit, G.S.5    McFadyen-Ketchum, S.A.6
  • 47
    • 33744479213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of physical aggression from toddlerhood to pre-adolescence: A nation wide longitudinal study of Canadian children
    • DOI 10.1007/s10802-005-9001-z
    • Côté SM, Vaillancourt T, LeBlanc JC, Nagin DS, Tremblay RE. The development of physical aggression from toddlerhood to pre-adolescence: a nation wide longitudinal study of Canadian children. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2006;34(1):71-85. (Pubitemid 43800465)
    • (2006) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-85
    • Cote, S.1    Vaillancourt, T.2    Leblanc, J.C.3    Nagin, D.S.4    Tremblay, R.E.5
  • 48
    • 33646545424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antecedents of toddler aggression: Dysfunctional parenting in mother-toddler dyads
    • Del Vecchio T, O'Leary SG. Antecedents of toddler aggression: dysfunctional parenting in mother-toddler dyads. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2006;35(2):194-202.
    • (2006) J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 194-202
    • Del Vecchio, T.1    O'Leary, S.G.2
  • 49
    • 0038701604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential risks of covarying and pure components in mother and teacher reports of externalizing and internalizing behavior across ages 5 to 14
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1023277413027
    • Keiley MK, Lofthouse N, Bates JE, Dodge KA, Pettit GS. Differential risks of covarying and pure components in mother and teacher reports of externalizing and internalizing behavior across ages 5 to 14. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2003;31(3):267-283. (Pubitemid 36626751)
    • (2003) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-283
    • Keiley, M.K.1    Lofthouse, N.2    Bates, J.E.3    Dodge, K.A.4    Pettit, G.S.5
  • 50
    • 26044450047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood temperament and family environment as predictors of internalizing and externalizing trajectories from ages 5 to 17
    • Leve LD, Kim HK, Pears KC. Childhood temperament and family environment as predictors of internalizing and externalizing trajectories from ages 5 to 17. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2005;33(5):505-520.
    • (2005) J Abnorm Child Psychol , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 505-520
    • Leve, L.D.1    Kim, H.K.2    Pears, K.C.3
  • 51
    • 0345801331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting stability and change in toddler behavior problems: Contributions of maternal behavior and child gender
    • Smith CL, Calkins SD, Keane SP, Anastopoulos AD, Shelton TL. Predicting stability and change in toddler behavior problems: contributions of maternal behavior and child gender. Dev Psychol. 2004;40(1):29-42.
    • (2004) Dev Psychol , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-42
    • Smith, C.L.1    Calkins, S.D.2    Keane, S.P.3    Anastopoulos, A.D.4    Shelton, T.L.5
  • 52
    • 0003413782 scopus 로고
    • 3rd ed. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc
    • Abidin RR. Parenting Stress Index. 3rd ed. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc; 1995.
    • (1995) Parenting Stress Index
    • Abidin, R.R.1
  • 53
    • 0037329849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental trajectories of disruptive behavior problems among sons of alcoholics: Effects of parent psychopathology, family conflict, and child undercontrol
    • DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.112.1.119
    • Loukas A, Zucker RA, Fitzgerald HE, Krull JL. Developmental trajectories of disruptive behavior problems among sons of alcoholics: effects of parent psychopathology, family conflict, and child under control. J Abnorm Psychol. 2003;112(1):119-131. (Pubitemid 36249850)
    • (2003) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.112 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-131
    • Loukas, A.1    Fitzgerald, H.E.2    Zucker, R.A.3    Krull, J.L.4
  • 54
    • 18744436982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behaviors of children who are exposed and not exposed to intimate partner violence: An analysis of 330 black, white, and Hispanic children
    • McFarlane JM, Groff JY, O'Brien JA, Watson K. Behaviors of children who are exposed and not exposed to intimate partner violence: an analysis of 330 black, white, and Hispanic children. Pediatrics. 2003;112(3, pt 1):e202-e207.
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.112 , Issue.3 PART 1
    • McFarlane, J.M.1    Groff, J.Y.2    O'Brien, J.A.3    Watson, K.4
  • 55
    • 0030306355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2): Development and Preliminary Psychometric Data
    • Straus M, Hamby S, Boney-McCoy S, Sugarman D. The Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2): development and preliminary psychometric data. J Fam Issues. 1996;17(3):283-316. (Pubitemid 126063936)
    • (1996) Journal of Family Issues , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 283-316
    • Straus, M.A.1    Hamby, S.L.2    Boney-McCoy, S.3    Sugarman, D.B.4
  • 56
    • 0346144925 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of marital conflict and accord
    • Ciminero AR, Calhoun KD, Adams HE, eds. New York, NY: John Wiley
    • Weiss RL, Margolin G. Assessment of marital conflict and accord. In: Ciminero AR, Calhoun KD, Adams HE, eds. Handbook of Behavioral Assessment. New York, NY: John Wiley; 1977:555-602.
    • (1977) Handbook of Behavioral Assessment , pp. 555-602
    • Weiss, R.L.1    Margolin, G.2
  • 57
    • 0002594334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical aggression, distress, and everyday marital interactions
    • Cahn DD, Lloyd SA, eds. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc
    • Lloyd SA. Physical aggression, distress, and everyday marital interactions. In: Cahn DD, Lloyd SA, eds. Family Violence From a Communication Perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc; 1996:177-198.
    • (1996) Family Violence from a Communication Perspective , pp. 177-198
    • Lloyd, S.A.1
  • 58
    • 0002221676 scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood disadvantage, stressful life events, and adjustment in urban elementary-school children
    • Attar BK, Guerra NG, Tolan PH. Neighborhood disadvantage, stressful life events, and adjustment in urban elementary-school children. J Clin Child Psychol. 1994;23:391-400.
    • (1994) J Clin Child Psychol , vol.23 , pp. 391-400
    • Attar, B.K.1    Guerra, N.G.2    Tolan, P.H.3
  • 59
    • 0032324931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of exposure to community violence and developmental problems among inner-city youth
    • Gorman-Smith D, Tolan P. The role of exposure to community violence and developmental problems among inner-city youth. Dev Psychopathol. 1998;10(1):101-116. (Pubitemid 128433116)
    • (1998) Development and Psychopathology , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-116
    • Gorman-Smith, D.1    Tolan, P.2
  • 60
    • 0031410214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability to victimization, concurrent problem behaviors, and peer influence as predictors of in-school weapon carrying among high school students
    • Simon TR, Dent CW, Sussman S. Vulnerability to victimization, concurrent prob- lem behaviors, and peer influence as predictors of inschool weapon carrying among high school students. Violence Vict. 1997;12(3):277-289. (Pubitemid 28082613)
    • (1997) Violence and Victims , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 277-289
    • Simon, T.R.1    Dent, C.W.2    Sussman, S.3
  • 61
    • 33846065520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in physical aggression: A prospective population-based survey of children before and after 2 years of age
    • Baillargeon RH, Zoccolillo M, Keenan K, et al. Gender differences in physical aggression: a prospective population-based survey of children before and after 2 years of age. Dev Psychol. 2007;43(1):13-26.
    • (2007) Dev Psychol , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-26
    • Baillargeon, R.H.1    Zoccolillo, M.2    Keenan, K.3
  • 62
    • 0032388774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educational television is not an oxymoron
    • Anderson DA. Educational television is not an oxymoron. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci. 1998;557(15):24-38.
    • (1998) Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci , vol.557 , Issue.15 , pp. 24-38
    • Anderson, D.A.1
  • 64
    • 0034737964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violence in G-rated animated films
    • Yokota F, Thompson KM. Violence in G-rated animated films. JAMA. 2000;283(20):2716-2720.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , Issue.20 , pp. 2716-2720
    • Yokota, F.1    Thompson, K.M.2
  • 65
    • 85075300702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TV violence: Research and controversy
    • Pecora N, Murray JP, Wartella E, eds. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Murray JP. TV violence: research and controversy. In: Pecora N, Murray JP, Wartella E, eds. Children and Television: Fifty Years of Research. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2007:183-203.
    • (2007) Children and Television: Fifty Years of Research , pp. 183-203
    • Murray, J.P.1
  • 66
    • 47249135007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of background television on the toy play behavior of very young children
    • Schmidt ME, Pempek TA, Kirkorian HL, Lund AF, Anderson DR. The effects of background television on the toy play behavior of very young children. Child Dev. 2008;79(4):1137-1151.
    • (2008) Child Dev , vol.79 , Issue.4 , pp. 1137-1151
    • Schmidt, M.E.1    Pempek, T.A.2    Kirkorian, H.L.3    Lund, A.F.4    Anderson, D.R.5
  • 67
    • 0042051765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peril and potential of media for infants and toddlers
    • Anderson DR, Evans MK. Peril and potential of media for infants and toddlers. Zero To Three. 2001;22(2):10-16.
    • (2001) Zero to Three , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 10-16
    • Anderson, D.R.1    Evans, M.K.2
  • 68
    • 0009712950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Philadelphia, PA: Annenberg Public Policy Center; 2000
    • Woodard E, Gridina N. Media in the Home, 2000. Philadelphia, PA: Annenberg Public Policy Center; 2000.
    • (2000) Media in the Home
    • Woodard, E.1    Gridina, N.2
  • 69
    • 0036225501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A normative study of family media habits
    • Gentile DA, Walsh DA. A normative study of family media habits. Appl Dev Psychol. 2002;23(2):157-178.
    • (2002) Appl Dev Psychol , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-178
    • Gentile, D.A.1    Walsh, D.A.2
  • 70
    • 84985072261 scopus 로고
    • Constant television: A background to daily life
    • Medrich R. Constant television: a background to daily life. J Commun. 1979;29(3):171-176.
    • (1979) J Commun , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 171-176
    • Medrich, R.1
  • 71
    • 34249932863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Television use and communication within families with adolescents
    • Schneider B, Waite LJ, eds. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press
    • Dempsey NP. Television use and communication within families with adolescents. In: Schneider B, Waite LJ, eds. Being Together, Working Apart: Dual-Career Families and the Work-Life Balance. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 2005:277-296.
    • (2005) Being Together, Working Apart: Dual-Career Families and the Work-Life Balance , pp. 277-296
    • Dempsey, N.P.1
  • 74
    • 0016382653 scopus 로고
    • Television as baby-sitter: A field comparison of preschoolers' behavior during playtime and during television viewing
    • Gadberry S. Television as baby-sitter: a field comparison of preschoolers' behavior during playtime and during television viewing. Child Dev. 1974;45(4):1132-1136.
    • (1974) Child Dev , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 1132-1136
    • Gadberry, S.1
  • 75
    • 0041319268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viewing the viewers: Viewing behaviors by children and adults during television programs and commercials
    • Schmitt KL, Woolf KD, Anderson DR. Viewing the viewers: viewing behaviors by children and adults during television programs and commercials. J Commun. 2003;53(2):265-281.
    • (2003) J Commun , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 265-281
    • Schmitt, K.L.1    Woolf, K.D.2    Anderson, D.R.3
  • 76
    • 0026309702 scopus 로고
    • Television and families: What do young children watch with their parents?
    • St Peters M, Fitch M, Huston A, Wright J, Eakins D. Television and families: what do young children watch with their parents? Child Dev. 1991;62(6):1409-1423.
    • (1991) Child Dev , vol.62 , Issue.6 , pp. 1409-1423
    • St Peters, M.1    Fitch, M.2    Huston, A.3    Wright, J.4    Eakins, D.5
  • 77
    • 0036104023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prime-time television: Assessing violence during the most popular viewing hours
    • DOI 10.1093/joc/52.1.84
    • Smith S, Nathanson A, Wilson BJ. Prime-time television: assessing violence during the most popular viewing hours. J Commun. 2002;52(1):84-111. (Pubitemid 37160155)
    • (2002) Journal of Communication , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 84-111
    • Smith, S.L.1    Nathanson, A.I.2    Wilson, B.J.3
  • 78
    • 27744563885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prime-time violence 1993-2001: Has the picture really changed?
    • Signorielli N. Prime-time violence 1993-2001: has the picture really changed? J Broadcast Electronic Media. 2003;47(1):36-57.
    • (2003) J Broadcast Electronic Media , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 36-57
    • Signorielli, N.1
  • 80
    • 0022135184 scopus 로고
    • Estimates of young children's time with television: A methodological comparison of parent reports with time-lapse video home observation
    • Anderson DR, Field D, Collins P, Lorch E, Nathan J. Estimates of young children's time with television: a methodological comparison of parent reports with time-lapse video home observation. Child Dev. 1985;56(5):1345-1357.
    • (1985) Child Dev , vol.56 , Issue.5 , pp. 1345-1357
    • Anderson, D.R.1    Field, D.2    Collins, P.3    Lorch, E.4    Nathan, J.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.