The significant but understudied impact of pathogen transmission from humans to animals

Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine

Volumn 76, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 448-455

  Epstein, Jonathan H ^a   Price, Joan T ^b  

^a ECOHEALTH ALLIANCE   (United States)

^b MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Conservation; Conservation medicine; H1N1 influenza A; Herpesvirus; Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Paramyxovirus; Primates; Tuberculosis; Zooanthroponoses; Zoonoses

Indexed keywords

MEASLES VACCINE; METICILLIN;

ANIMAL DISEASE; ANIMAL HUNTING; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BACTERIAL TRANSMISSION; BIODIVERSITY; BIRD DISEASE; CLINICAL FEATURE; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DOMESTIC ANIMAL; ELEPHANT; ENDANGERED SPECIES; EPIDEMIC; HELMINTH; HERPES SIMPLEX; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 1; HUMAN; INFLUENZA VIRUS A H1N1; INFLUENZA VIRUS A H5N1; MEASLES; MEASLES VIRUS; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION; MONKEY DISEASE; MORTALITY; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; NONHUMAN; ORTHOMYXOVIRUS; PANDEMIC; PARAMYXOVIRUS; PARASITOSIS; PARROT; PRIMATE DISEASE; REVIEW; SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; SYMPTOM; TUBERCULOSIS; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS STRAIN; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; WILDLIFE; ZOONOSIS;

ANIMALS; DISEASE RESERVOIRS; HERPES SIMPLEX; HUMANS; INFLUENZA A VIRUS, H1N1 SUBTYPE; INFLUENZA A VIRUS, H5N1 SUBTYPE; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; MEASLES; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PRIMATES; RISK FACTORS; STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; TUBERCULOSIS; ZOONOSES;

EID: 70350733626     PISSN: 00272507     EISSN: 19317581     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/msj.20140     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Quammen D. Little is big, many is one: zoonoses in the twenty-first century. In: Eva Fearn and Ward Woods Editors eds. State of the Wild: A Global Portrait of Wildlife, Wildlands, and Oceans 2008-2009. Washington, DC: Island Press; 2008.
2. Daszak P, Cunningham AA, Hyatt AD. Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife-threats to biodiversity and human health. Science 2000; 287: 443-449. (Pubitemid 33595245)
3. Jones KE, Patel NG, Levy MA, et al. Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature 2008; 451: 990-993. (Pubitemid 351301726)
4. Hubalek Z. Emerging human infectious diseases: anthroponoses, zoonoses, and sapronoses. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9: 403-404. (Pubitemid 36330889)
5. Wolfe ND, Daszak P, Kilpatrick AM, Burke DS. Bushmeat hunting, deforestation and prediction of zoonotic emergence. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11: 1822-1827. (Pubitemid 43356076)
6. Goldberg TL, Gillespie TR, Rwego IB, et al. Forest fragmentation and bacterial transmission among nonhuman primates, humans, and livestock, Uganda. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14: 1375-1382.
7. Goldberg TL, Gillespie TR, Rwego IB, et al. Patterns of gastrointestinal bacterial exchange between chimpanzees and humans involved in research and tourism in western Uganda. Biol Conserv 2007; 135: 511-517.
8. Kaur T, Singh J, Tong SX, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of fatal respiratory outbreaks and detection of a human-related metapneumovirus in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Mahale Mountains National Park, western Tanzania. Am J Primatol 2008; 70: 755-765.
9. Wallis J. Primate conservation and human to nonhuman primate disease transmission. Am J Phys Anthropol 2003; suppl. 36: 219-219
10. Tzipori S. Cryptosporidiosis in animals and humans. Microbiol Rev 1983; 47: 84-96.
11. Lobo ML, Xiao L, Antunes F, Matos O. Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia genotypes and subtypes in raw and treated water in Portugal. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 48: 732-737.
12. Di Giovanni GD, Betancourt WQ, Hernandez J, et al. Investigation of potential zooanthroponotic transmission of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis through agricultural use of reclaimed wastewater. Int J Environ Health Res 2006; 16: 405-418. (Pubitemid 44951128)
13. Heymann D, ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 18th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 2004.
14. Kondgen S, Kuhl H, N'Goran PK, et al. Pandemic human viruses cause decline of endangered great apes. Curr Biol 2008; 18: 260-264.
15. Woodford MH, Butynski TM, Karesh WB. Habituating the great apes: the disease risks. Oryx 2002; 36: 153-160.
16. Zar HJ. Pneumonia in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children in developing countries: epidemiology, clinical features, and management. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2004; 10: 176-182.
17. Weber MW, Mulholland EK, Greenwood BM. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in tropical and developing countries. Trop Med Int Health 1998; 3: 268-280. (Pubitemid 28232663)
18. Blake FG, Trask JD Jr. Studies on measles: II. Symptomatology and pathology in monkeys experimentally infected. J Exp Med 1921; 33: 413-422.
19. Albrecht P, Lorenz D, Klutch MJ, et al. Fatal measles infection in marmosets pathogenesis and prophylaxis. Infect Immun 1980; 27: 969-978. (Pubitemid 10147238)
20. Choi YK, Simon MA, Kim DY, et al. Fatal measles virus infection in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Vet Pathol 1999; 36: 594-600.
21. Willy ME, Woodward RA, Thornton VB, et al. Management of a measles outbreak among Old World nonhuman primates. Lab Anim Sci 1999; 49: 42-48.
22. Blasier MW, Travis DA, Barbiers R. Retrospective evaluation of measles antibody titers in vaccinated captive gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). J Zoo Wildl Med 2005; 36: 198-203. (Pubitemid 41265009)
23. Webster RG, BeanWJ, Gorman OT, et al. Evolution and ecology of influenza-A viruses. Microbiol Rev 1992; 56: 152-179.
24. Ito T, Couceiro J, Kelm S, et al. Molecular basis for the generation in pigs of influenza A viruses with pandemic potential. J Virol 1998; 72: 7367-7373. (Pubitemid 28377868)
25. Shope RE. The incidence of neutralizing antibodies for swine influenza virus in the sera of human beings of different ages. J Exp Med 1936; 63: 669-684.
26. Dunham EJ, Dugan VG, Kaser EK, et al. Different evolutionary trajectories of European avian-like and classical swine H1N1 influenza A viruses. J Virol 2009; 83: 5485-5494.
27. Neumann G, Noda T, Kawaoka Y. Emergence and pandemic potential of swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus. Nature 2009; 459: 931-939.
28. Olsen CW. The emergence of novel swine influenza viruses in North America. Virus Res 2002; 85: 199-210.
29. Dawood FS, Jain S, Finelli L, et al. Emergence of a novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 2605-2615.
30. Mexico estimates flu cost economy $2.2 billion. Wall Street Journal. Available at: http://online.wsj.com/article/sb124152252457387033.html. Accessed June 2009.
31. Bryson JH. Economic effects of swine flu: Mexico and beyond. Available at: http://www.wachovia.com/economics. Accessed 30 June 2009.
32. Global development finance report. Available at: http://siteresources. worldbank.org/extavianflu/resources/gdf2009 h1n1 impact.pdf. Accessed June 2009.
33. Cima G. H1N1 strain in humans causes concerns over animal impacts. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009; 234: 1358-1360.
34. World Organisation for Animal Health. A/H1N1 influenza, Canada (immediate notification). Available at: http://www.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page= weeklyreport index&admin=0. Accessed June 2009.
35. Heldstab A, Ruedi D, Sonnabend W, Deinhardt F. Spontaneous generalized Herpesvirus hominis infection of a lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). J Med Primatol 1981; 10: 129-135. (Pubitemid 12249387)
36. Loomis MR, O'Neill T, Bush M, Montali RJ. Fatal herpesvirus infection in patas monkeys and a black and white colobus monkey. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1981; 179: 1236-1239.
37. Matz-Rensing K, Jentsch KD, Rensing S, et al. Fatal herpes simplex infection in a group of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Vet Pathol 2003; 40: 405-411. (Pubitemid 38406132)
38. Ramsay E, Stair EL, Castro AE, Marks MI. Fatal Herpesvirus hominis encephalitis in a white-handed gibbon. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982; 181: 1429-1430. (Pubitemid 13171668)
39. McClure HM, Keeling ME. Viral diseases noted in the Yerkes Primate Center colony. Lab Anim Sci 1971; 21: 1002-1010.
40. Schrenzel MD, Osborn KG, Shima A, et al. Naturally occurring fatal herpes simplex virus 1 infection in a family of white-faced saki monkeys (Pithecia pithecia pithecia). J Med Primatol 2003; 32: 7-14. (Pubitemid 36621653)
41. Weigler BJ. Biology of B virus in macaque and human hosts: a review. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14: 555-567.
42. Oliveira DC, Tomasz A, de Lencastre H. Secrets of success of a human pathogen: molecular evolution of pandemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet Infect Dis 2002; 2: 180-189. (Pubitemid 34462453)
43. Zetola N, Francis JS, Nuermberger EL, Bishai WR. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an emerging threat. Lancet Infect Dis 2005; 5: 275-286. (Pubitemid 40602247)
44. Hidron AI, Low CE, Honig EG, Blumberg HM. Emergence of community-acquiredmethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300 as a cause of necrotising community-onset pneumonia. Lancet Infect Dis 2009; 9: 384-392.
45. Morgan M. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and animals: zoonosis or humanosis? J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62: 1181-1187.
46. Crossley K. Long-term care facilities as sources of antibiotic-resistant nosocomial pathogens. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2001; 14: 455-459. (Pubitemid 32675493)
47. Lefebvre SL, Reid-Smith RJ, Waltner-Toews D, Weese JS. Incidence of acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, and other health-care-associated pathogens by dogs that participate in animal-assisted interventions. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009; 234: 1404-1417.
48. Michalak K, Austin C, Diesel S, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as a zoonotic disease: transmission between humans and elephants. Emerg Infect Dis 1998; 4: 283-287. (Pubitemid 28311216)
49. Montali RJ, Mikota SK, Cheng LI. Mycobacterium tuberculosis in zoo and wildlife species. Rev Sci Tech 2001; 20: 291-303. (Pubitemid 33585269)
50. Moreland AF. Tuberculosis in New World primates. Lab Anim Care 1970; 20: 262-264.
51. Ackerman LJ, Benbrook SC, Walton BC. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a parrot (Amazona farinosa). Am Rev Respir Dis 1974; 109: 388-390.
52. Washko RM, Hoefer H, Kiehn TE, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a green-winged macaw (Ara chloroptera): report with public health implications. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 1101-1102. (Pubitemid 28146305)
53. Michel AL, Huchzermeyer HF. The zoonotic importance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: transmission from human to monkey. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1998; 69: 64-65. (Pubitemid 128469552)
54. Ocepek M, Pate M, Zolnir-Dovc M, Poljak M. Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from human to cattle. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 3555-3557. (Pubitemid 40981393)
55. Oh P, Granich R, Scott J, et al. Human exposure following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of multiple animal species in a Metropolitan Zoo. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8: 1290-1293. (Pubitemid 35334703)
56. Taylor LH, Latham SM, Woolhouse ME. Risk factors for human disease emergence. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2001; 356: 983-989. (Pubitemid 32696243)
57. Alexander DJ, Brown IH. Recent zoonoses caused by influenza A viruses. Rev Sci Tech 2000; 19: 197-225.
58. Daszak P, Cunningham AA, Hyatt AD. Anthropogenic environmental change and the emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife. Acta Trop 2001; 78: 103-116. (Pubitemid 32179644)
59. Daszak P, Tabor GM, Kilpatrick AM, et al. Conservation medicine and a new agenda for emerging diseases. In: Bokma BH, Blouin E, Bechara G.H. eds. Impact of Ecological Changes on Tropical Animal Health and Disease Control. New York, NY: New York Academy of Sciences; 2004:; 1-11.
60. Bio-Era. Available at: http://www.bio-era.net/activities/thinking.html. Accessed 30 June 2009.