Lack of surface oxide layers and facile bulk oxide formation on Pd(110)

Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

Volumn 80, Issue 12, 2009, Pages

  Westerstrom R ^a   Weststrate, C J ^a   Gustafson, J ^a   Mikkelsen, A ^a   Schnadt, J ^a   Andersen, J N ^a   Lundgren, E ^a   Seriani, N ^b   Mittendorfer, F ^b   Kresse, G ^b   Stierle, A ^c  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

^c MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 70350721836     PISSN: 10980121     EISSN: 1550235X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.125431     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. H. S. Gandhi, G. W. Graham, and R. W. McCabe, J. Catal. 216, 433 (2003). 10.1016/S0021-9517(02)00067-2
2. A. Stierle and A. Moelenbroek, MRS Bull. 32, 1000 (2007).
3. E. Lundgren and H. Over, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20, 180302 (2008). 10.1088/0953-8984/20/18/180302
4. B. L. M. Hendriksen and J. W. M. Frenken, Surf. Sci. 552, 229 (2004). 10.1016/j.susc.2004.01.025
5. J. Rogal, K. Reuter, and M. Scheffler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 046101 (2007). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.046101
6. G. Rupprechter and C. Weilach, NanoToday 2, 20 (2007). 10.1016/S1748-0132(07)70114-7
7. M. S. Chen, Y. Cai, Z. Yan, K. K. Gath, S. Axnanda, and D. W. Goodman, Surf. Sci. 601, 5326 (2007). 10.1016/j.susc.2007.08.019
8. F. Gao, Y. Wang, Y. Cai, and D. W. Goodman, J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 174 (2009). 10.1021/jp8077985
9. F. Gao, S. M. McClure, Y. Cai, K. K. Gath, Y. Wang, M. S. Chen, Q. L. Guo, and D. W. Goodman, Surf. Sci. 603, 65 (2009). 10.1016/j.susc.2008.10.031
10. S. M. McClure and D. W. Goodman, Chem. Phys. Lett. 469, 1 (2009). 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.12.066
11. F. Gao, M. Lundwall, and D. W. Goodman, J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 6057 (2008). 10.1021/jp710713r
12. M. D. Ackermann, Ph.D. thesis, Leiden University, 2007.
13. R. van Rijn, O. Balmes, R. Felici, J. Gustafson, D. Wermeille, R. Westerström, E. Lundgren, and J. W. M. Frenken (unpublished).
14. E. Lundgren, G. Kresse, C. Klein, M. Borg, J. N. Andersen, M. De Santis, Y. Gauthier, C. Konvicka, M. Schmid, and P. Varga, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 246103 (2002). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.246103
15. M. Todorova, E. Lundgren, V. Blum, A. Mikkelsen, S. Gray, J. Gustafson, M. Borg, J. Rogal, K. Reuter, J. N. Andersen, and M. Scheffler, Surf. Sci. 541, 101 (2003). 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00873-2
16. W. X. Li, L. Österlund, E. K. Vestergaard, R. T. Vang, J. Matthiesen, T. M. Pedersen, E. Lægsgaard, B. Hammer, and F. Besenbacher, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 146104 (2004). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.146104
17. J. Gustafson, A. Mikkelsen, M. Borg, E. Lundgren, L. Köhler, G. Kresse, M. Schmid, P. Varga, J. Yuhara, X. Torrelles, C. Quiros, and J. N. Andersen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 126102 (2004). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.126102
18. J. Gustafson, A. Mikkelsen, M. Borg, J. N. Andersen, E. Lundgren, C. Klein, W. Hofer, M. Schmid, P. Varga, L. Köhler, G. Kresse, N. Kasper, A. Stierle, and H. Dosch, Phys. Rev. B 71, 115442 (2005). 10.1103/PhysRevB.71. 115442
19. J. Gustafson, A. Resta, A. Mikkelsen, R. Westerström, J. N. Andersen, E. Lundgren, J. Weissenrieder, M. Schmid, P. Varga, N. Kasper, X. Torrelles, S. Ferrer, F. Mittendorfer, and G. Kresse, Phys. Rev. B 74, 035401 (2006). 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.035401
20. E. Lundgren, A. Mikkelsen, J. N. Andersen, G. Kresse, M. Schmid, and P. Varga, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 18, R481 (2006). 10.1088/0953-8984/18/30/R01
21. P. Kostelnik, N. Seriani, G. Kresse, A. Mikkelsen, E. Lundgren, V. Blum, T. Sikola, P. Varga, and M. Schmid, Surf. Sci. 601, 1574 (2007). 10.1016/j.susc.2007.01.026
22. R. Westerström, J. Gustafson, A. Resta, A. Mikkelsen, J. N. Andersen, E. Lundgren, N. Seriani, F. Mittendorfer, M. Schmid, J. Klikovits, P. Varga, M. D. Ackermann, J. W. M. Frenken, N. Kasper, and A. Stierle, Phys. Rev. B 76, 155410 (2007). 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.155410
23. H. H. Kan and J. F. Weaver, Surf. Sci. 602, L53 (2008). 10.1016/j.susc.2008.03.007
24. C. Dri, C. Africh, F. Esch, G. Comelli, O. Dubay, L. Köhler, F. Mittendorfer, G. Kresse, P. Dudin, and M. Kiskinova, J. Chem. Phys. 125, 094701 (2006). 10.1063/1.2345058
25. E. Lundgren, J. Gustafson, A. Mikkelsen, J. N. Andersen, A. Stierle, H. Dosch, M. Todorova, J. Rogal, K. Reuter, and M. Scheffler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 046101 (2004). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.046101
26. G. Ketteler, D. F. Ogletree, H. Bluhm, H. Liu, E. L. D. Hebenstreit, and M. Salmeron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 18269 (2005). 10.1021/ja055754y
27. J. Klikovits, M. Schmid, L. R. Merte, P. Varga, R. Westerström, A. Resta, J. N. Andersen, J. Gustafson, A. Mikkelsen, E. Lundgren, F. Mittendorfer, and G. Kresse, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 266104 (2008). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101. 266104
28. H. Over, Y. D. Kim, A. P. Seitsonen, S. Wendt, E. Lundgren, M. Schmid, P. Varga, A. Morgante, and G. Ertl, Science 287, 1474 (2000). 10.1126/science.287. 5457.1474
29. B. L. M. Hendriksen and J. W. M. Frenken, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 046101 (2002). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.046101
30. M. D. Ackermann, T. M. Pedersen, B. L. M. Hendriksen, O. Robach, S. C. Bobaru, I. Popa, C. Quiros, H. Kim, B. Hammer, S. Ferrer, and J. W. M. Frenken, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 255505 (2005). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.255505
31. J. Gustafson, R. Westerström, A. Mikkelsen, X. Torrelles, O. Balmes, N. Bovet, J. N. Andersen, C. J. Baddeley, and E. Lundgren, Phys. Rev. B 78, 045423 (2008). 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.045423
32. J. I. Flege and P. Sutter, Phys. Rev. B 78, 153402 (2008). 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.153402
33. R. Westerström, J. G. Wang, M. Ackermann, J. Gustafson, A. Resta, A. Mikkelsen, J. N. Andersen, E. Lundgren, O. Balmes, X. Torrelles, J. W. M. Frenken, and B. Hammer, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20, 184018 (2008). 10.1088/0953-8984/20/18/184018
34. Y. B. He, M. Knapp, E. Lundgren, and H. Over, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 21825 (2005). 10.1021/jp0538520
35. J. Aßmann, D. Crihan, M. Knapp, E. Lundgren, E. Löffler, M. Muhler, V. Narkhede, H. Over, M. Schmid, A. P. Seitsonen, and P. Varga, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 44, 917 (2005). 10.1002/anie.200461805
36. H. Over, O. Balmes, and E. Lundgren, Surf. Sci. 603, 298 (2009). 10.1016/j.susc.2008.11.012
37. G. Ertl and P. Rau, Surf. Sci. 15, 443 (1969). 10.1016/0039-6028(69) 90134-4
38. M. Jo, Y. Kuwahara, M. Onchi, and M. Nishijima, Chem. Phys. Lett. 131, 106 (1986). 10.1016/0009-2614(86)80526-7
39. J. Goschnik, M. Wolf, M. Grunze, W. N. Unertl, J. H. Block, and J. Loboda-Cackovic, Surf. Sci. 178, 831 (1986). 10.1016/0039-6028(86)90358-4
40. J.-W. He and P. R. Norton, Surf. Sci. 230, 150 (1990). 10.1016/0039-6028(90)90023-2
41. H. Niehus and C. Achete, Surf. Sci. 369, 9 (1996). 10.1016/S0039-6028(96) 00913-2
42. M. Nishijima, M. Jo, Y. Kuwahara, and M. Onchi, Solid State Commun. 60, 257 (1986). 10.1016/0038-1098(86)90459-X
43. B. Brena, G. Comelli, L. Ursella, and G. Paolucci, Surf. Sci. 375, 150 (1997). 10.1016/S0039-6028(96)01295-2
44. G. Comelli, M. Sastry, G. Paolucci, K. C. Prince, and L. Olivi, Phys. Rev. B 43, 14385 (1991). 10.1103/PhysRevB.43.14385
45. H. Tanaka, J. Yoshinobu, and M. Kawai, Surf. Sci. 327, L505 (1995). 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00031-3
46. R. A. Bennett, S. Poulston, I. Z. Jones, and M. Bowker, Surf. Sci. 401, 72 (1998). 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00912-6
47. J.-W. He, U. Memmert, K. Griffiths, and P. R. Norton, J. Chem. Phys. 90, 5082 (1989). 10.1063/1.456550
48. K. Yagi, K. Higashiyama, and H. Fukutani, Surf. Sci. 295, 230 (1993). 10.1016/0039-6028(93)90199-T
49. N. Takagi, Y. Yasui, M. Sawada, A. Atli, T. Aruga, and M. Nishijima, Chem. Phys. Lett. 232, 531 (1995). 10.1016/0009-2614(94)01376-7
50. K. Yagi and H. Fukutani, Surf. Sci. 412-413, 489 (1998). 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00471-3
51. M. Kralj, T. Pertram, N. Seriani, C. Becker, A. Krupski, F. Mittendorfer, and K. Wandelt, Surf. Sci. 602, 3706 (2008). 10.1016/j.susc.2008.10.008
52. R. Westerström, C. J. Weststrate, A. Resta, A. Mikkelsen, J. Schnadt, J. N. Andersen, E. Lundgren, M. Schmid, N. Seriani, J. Harl, F. Mittendorfer, and G. Kresse, Surf. Sci. 602, 2440 (2008). 10.1016/j.susc.2008. 05.033
53. V. A. Bondzie, P. H. Kleaban, and D. J. Dwyer, Surf. Sci. 465, 266 (2000). 10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00709-3
54. J. Han, D. Y. Zemlyanov, and F. H. Ribeiro, Surf. Sci. 600, 2730 (2006). 10.1016/j.susc.2006.04.040
55. A. I. Titkov, A. N. Salanov, S. V. Koscheev, and A. I. Boronin, Surf. Sci. 600, 4119 (2006). 10.1016/j.susc.2006.01.131
56. R. Nyholm, J. N. Andersen, U. Johansson, B. N. Jensen, and I. Lindau, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 520, 467 (2001).
57. A. Stierle, A. Steinhäuser, A. Rühm, F. U. Renner, R. Weigel, N. Kasper, and H. Dosch, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 5302 (2004). 10.1063/1.1819552
58. S. Ferrer and F. Comin, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 1674 (1995). 10.1063/1.1145879
59. J. P. Perdew, J. A. Chevary, S. H. Vosko, K. A. Jackson, M. R. Pederson, D. J. Singh, and C. Fiolhais, Phys. Rev. B 46, 6671 (1992). 10.1103/PhysRevB.46. 6671
60. P. E. Blöchl, Phys. Rev. B 50, 17953 (1994). 10.1103/PhysRevB.50. 17953
61. G. Kresse and D. Joubert, Phys. Rev. B 59, 1758 (1999). 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.1758
62. G. Kresse and J. Furthmüller, Comput. Mater. Sci. 6, 15 (1996). 10.1016/0927-0256(96)00008-0
63. L. Köhler and G. Kresse, Phys. Rev. B 70, 165405 (2004). 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.165405
64. S. Doniach and M. Šunjić, J. Phys. C 3, 285 (1970). 10.1088/0022-3719/3/2/010
65. G. K. Wertheim and P. H. Citrin, Photoemission in Solids I, Topics in Applied Physics Vol. 26, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1978).
66. J. N. Andersen, D. Hennig, E. Lundgren, M. Methfessel, R. Nyholm, and M. Scheffler, Phys. Rev. B 50, 17525 (1994). 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.17525
67. E. Vlieg, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 30, 532 (1997). 10.1107/S0021889897002537
68. E. Vlieg, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 33, 401 (2000). 10.1107/S0021889899013655
69. International Union of Crystallography, International Tables for X-ray Crystallography (Kynoch, Birmingham, 1968), Vol. III.
70. B=8/3 π2 u2, where u2 is the mean-square vibrational amplitude of the atoms.
71. O. L. Warren and P. A. Thiel, Phys. Rev. B 47, 10848 (1993). 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.10848
72. J. E. Houston and R. L. Park, Surf. Sci. 21, 209 (1970). 10.1016/0039-6028(70)90228-1
73. M. S. Altman, Surf. Sci. 344, 65 (1995). 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00832-2
74. T. Ohtani, K. Tamiya, Y. Takeda, T. Urano, and S. Hongo, Appl. Surf. Sci. 130-132, 112 (1998). 10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00035-X
75. G. Zheng and E. I. Altman, Surf. Sci. 504, 253 (2002). 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)01104-4
76. H. H. Rotermund, Surf. Sci. Rep. 29, 265 (1997). 10.1016/S0167-5729(97) 00012-5