Balanced and unbalanced aspects of tropical cyclone intensification

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Volumn 135, Issue 644, 2009, Pages 1715-1731

  Bui, Hai Hoang ^a   Smith, Roger K ^b   Montgomery, Michael T ^c,d   Peng, Jiayi ^c  

^a VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Viet Nam)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^c NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL   (United States)

^d NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Balance dynamics; Boundary layer; Hurricane; Typhoon

Indexed keywords

AXISYMMETRIC; BALANCE DYNAMICS; DIABATIC FORCING; DIABATIC HEATING; EDDY HEAT FLUXES; EDDY MOMENTUM FLUX; EYEWALL; LOW LEVEL; RADIAL INFLOW; REGULARIZATION PROCEDURE; SECONDARY CIRCULATION; SUBGRID SCALE; TANGENTIAL MOMENTUM; TANGENTIAL WIND; THREE DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; TROPICAL CYCLONE; TROPICAL CYCLONE VORTEX; TYPHOON;

BOUNDARY LAYERS; SIMULATORS; STORMS; THREE DIMENSIONAL; THREE DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER GRAPHICS; TROPICS; VORTEX FLOW;

HURRICANES;

ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; BOUNDARY LAYER; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EDDY; HEAT FLUX; OVERTURN; THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING; TROPICAL CYCLONE; TROPOSPHERE; VORTEX FLOW;

EID: 70350638786     PISSN: 00359009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/qj.502     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Bell MM, Montgomery MT. 2008. Observed structure, evolution, and potential intensity of category 5 hurricane Isabel (2003) from 12 to 14 September. Mon. Weather Rev. 65: 2025-2046.
2. Challa M, Pfeffer RL. 1980. Effects of eddy fluxes of angular momentum on model hurricane development. J. Atmos. Sci. 37: 1603-1618.
3. Emanuel KA. 1986. An air-sea interaction theory for tropical cyclones. Part I: Steady state maintenance. J. Atmos. Sci. 43: 585-604.
4. Emanuel KA. 1989. The finite amplitude nature of tropical cyclogenesis. J. Atmos. Sci. 46: 3431-3456.
5. Emanuel KA. 1995a. Sensitivity of tropical cyclones to surface exchange coefficients and a revised steady-state model incorporating eye dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci. 52: 3969-3976.
6. Emanuel KA. 1995b. The behavior of a simple hurricane model using a convective scheme based on subcloud-layer entropy equilibrium. J. Atmos. Sci. 52: 3960-3968.
7. Emanuel KA. 1997. Some aspects of hurricane inner-core dynamics and energetics. J. Atmos. Sci. 54: 1014-1026.
8. Emanuel KA. 2003. Tropical cyclones. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 31: 75-104.
9. Hendricks EA, Montgomery MT, Davis CA. 2004. On the role of 'vortical' hot towers in formation of tropical cyclone Diana (1984). J. Atmos. Sci. 61: 1209-1232.
10. Möller JD, Shapiro L. 2002. Balanced contributions to the intensification of hurricane Opal as diagnosed from a GFDL model forecast. Mon. Weather Rev. 130: 1866-1881.
11. Möller JD, Smith RK.1994.Thedevelopmentofpotentialvorticityin a hurricane-like vortex. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 120: 1255-1265.
12. Montgomery MT, Kallenbach R. 1997. A theory for vortex-Rossby waves and its application to spiral bands and intensity changes in hurricanes. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 123: 435-465.
13. Montgomery MT, Nguyen SV, Smith RK. 2009. Do tropical cyclones intensify by WISHE?. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. in press.
14. Montgomery MT, Nicholls ME, Cram TA, Saunders AB. 2006. A vortical hot tower route to tropical cyclogenesis. J. Atmos. Sci. 63: 355-386.
15. Nguyen SV, Smith RK, Montgomery MT. 2008. Tropical cyclone intensification and predictability in three dimensions. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 134: 563-582.
16. Ogura Y, Phillips NA. 1962. Scale analysis of deep and shallow convection in the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 19: 173-179.
17. Ooyama KV. 1969. Numerical simulation of the life cycle of tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci. 26: 3-40.
18. Persing J, Montgomery MT. 2003. Hurricane superintensity. J. Atmos. Sci. 60: 2349-2371.
19. Persing J, Montgomery MT, Tuleya RE. 2002. Environmental interactions in the GFDL hurricane model for hurricane Opal. Mon. Weather Rev. 130: 298-317.
20. Pfeffer RL, Challa M. 1981. A numerical study of the role of eddy fluxes of momentum in the development of Atlantic hurricanes. J. Atmos. Sci. 38: 2393-2398.
21. Press WH, Teukolsky SA, Vetterling WT, Flannery BP. 1992. Numerical Recipes in C: The art of scientific computing. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK.
22. Schubert WH, Alworth BT. 1987. Evolution of potential vorticity in tropical cyclones. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 113: 147-162.
23. Schubert WH, Hack JJ. 1983. Transformed Eliassen balanced vortex model. J. Atmos. Sci. 40: 1571-1583.
24. Schubert WH, Rozoff CM, Vigh JL, McNoldy BD, Kossin JP. 2007. On the distribution of subsidence in the hurricane eye. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 133: 1-20.
25. Shapiro LJ, Montgomery MT. 1993. A three-dimensional balance theory for rapidly rotating vortices. J. Atmos. Sci. 50: 3322-3335.
26. Shapiro LJ, Willoughby H. 1982. The response of balanced hurricanes to local sources of heat and momentum. J. Atmos. Sci. 39: 378-394.
27. Shin S, Smith RK. 2008. Tropical cyclone intensification and predictability in a minimal three-dimensional model. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 134: 1661-1671.
28. Smith RK. 1980. Tropical cyclone eye dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci. 37: 1227-1232.
29. Smith RK. 2000. The role of cumulus convection in hurricanes and its representation in hurricane models. Rev. Geophys. 38: 465-489.
30. Smith RK. 2006. Accurate determination of a balanced axisymmetric vortex. Tellus 58A: 98-103.
31. Smith RK, Montgomery MT. 2008. Balanced boundary layers in hurricane models. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 134: 1385-1395.
32. Smith RK, Montgomery MT, Nguyen SV. 2009. Tropical cyclone spinup revisited. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 135: 1321-1335.
33. Smith RK, Montgomery MT, Zhu H. 2005. Buoyancy in tropical cyclones and other rapidly rotating vortices. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 40: 189-208.
34. Sundqvist H. 1970. Numerical simulation of the development of tropical cyclones with a ten-level model. Part I. Tellus 22: 359-389.
35. Willoughby HE. 1979. Forced secondary circulations in hurricanes. J. Geophys. Res. 84: 3173-3183.
36. Willoughby HE. 1990. Gradient balance in tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci. 47: 465-489.
37. Zhang D-L, Liu Y, Yau MK. 2001. A multi-scale numerical study of hurricane Andrew (1992). Part IV: Unbalanced flows. Mon. Weather Rev. 129: 92-107.