A long-snouted, multihorned tyrannosaurid from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 106, Issue 41, 2009, Pages 17261-17266

  Brusatte, Stephen L ^a,b   Carr, Thomas D ^c   Erickson, Gregory M ^a,d   Bever, Gabe S ^a   Norell, Mark A ^a  

^a DIVISION OF INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY   (United States)

^b Howard Hughes Medical Institute   (United States)

^c CARTHAGE COLLEGE   (United States)

^d FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Dinosauria; Heterochrony; Pneumaticity; Theropoda; Tyrannosauridae

Indexed keywords

ANATOMICAL VARIATION; ANIMAL ANATOMY; ARTICLE; BIODIVERSITY; BODY SIZE; CARNIVORE; CLADISTICS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DINOSAUR; ECOLOGY; HISTOLOGY; HORN; MAASTRICHTIAN; MONGOLIA; MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION; MORPHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; ONTOGENY; PALEONTOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; PREDATOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SKELETON; SPECIES; SPECIES COMPARISON; TYRANNOSAURID; UPPER CRETACEOUS;

ALTITUDE; ANIMALS; BONE AND BONES; DINOSAURS; FOSSILS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MAMMALS; MAXILLA; MONGOLIA; PREDATORY BEHAVIOR; SKULL;

ALIORAMUS; DINOSAURIA; TARBOSAURUS; THEROPODA; TYRANNOSAURIDAE; TYRANNOSAURUS;

EID: 70350456122     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0906911106     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Holtz TR, Jr (2001) The phylogeny and taxonomy of the Tyrannosauridae. In Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, eds Tanke DH, Carpenter K (Indiana Univ Press, Bloomington, IN), pp. 279-297.
2. Holtz TR, Jr (2004) Tyrannosauroidea. In The Dinosauria, eds Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H (Univ California Press, Berkeley, CA), 2nd Ed, pp 111-136.
3. Currie PJ (2003) Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. Acta Palaeontol Polonica 48:191-226. (Pubitemid 36906192)
4. Erickson GM, et al. (1996) Bite-force estimation for Tyrannosaurus rex from tooth-marked bones. Nature 382:706-708. (Pubitemid 27094189)
5. Rayfield EJ (2004) Cranial mechanics and feeding in Tyrannosaurus rex. Proc R Soc London Ser B 271:1451-1459.
6. Molnar RE (2000) Mechanical factors in the design of the skull of Tyrannosaurus rex (Osborn, 1905). Gaia 15:193-218.
7. Kurzanov SM (1976) A new Late Cretaceous carnosaur from Nogon-Tsav Mongolia. Sovmestnaâ Sovetsko-Mongolskaâ Paleontologiceskaâ Ekspeditciâ, Trudy 3:93-104 (in Russian).
8. Currie PJ, Hurum JH, Sabath K (2003) Skull structure and evolution in tyrannosaurid dinosaurs. Acta Palaeontol Polonica 48:227-234.
9. Sereno PC, McAllister S, Brusatte SL (2005) TaxonSearch: A relational database for suprageneric taxa and phylogenetic definitions. PhyloInformatics 8:1-21.
10. Kurochkin EN, Barsbold R (2000) The Russian-Mongolian expedition and research in vertebrate paleontology. In The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, eds Benton MJ, Shishkin MA, Unwin DM, Kurochkin EN (Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, UK), pp. 235-255.
11. Currie PJ, Dong Z (2001) New information on Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanesis, a juvenile tyrannosaurid (Theropoda, Dinosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of China. Can J Earth Sci 38:1729-1737. (Pubitemid 34054420)
12. Maleev EA (1974) Gigantic carnosaurs of the family Tyrannosauridae. Paleontologiâ i biostratigrafiâ Mongolii, Sovmestnaâ Sovetsko-Mongolskaâ Paleontologiceskaâ Ekspediciâ, Trudy 1, ed Kramarenko NN, pp. 132-191.
13. Brochu CA (2003) Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: Insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Soc Vertebr Paleontol Mem 7:1-138.
14. Carr TD, Williamson TE (2004) Diversity of late Maastrichtian Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from western North America. Zool J Linn Soc 142:479-523.
15. Carr TD (1999) Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria). J Vertebr Paleontol 19:497-520.
16. Russell DA (1970) Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada. Nat Mus Nat Sci Pub Palaeontol 1:1-34.
17. Hurum JH, Sabath K (2003) Giant theropod dinosaurs from Asia and North America: Skulls of Tarbosaurus bataar and Tyrannosaurus rex compared. Acta Palaeontol Polonica 48:161-190.
18. Chure DJ (2000) On the orbit of theropod dinosaurs. Gaia 15:233-240.
19. Witmer LM, Chatterjee S, Franzosa J, Rowe T (2003) Neuroanatomy of flying reptiles and implications for flight, posture, and behavior. Nature 425:950-953. (Pubitemid 37376924)
20. Sampson SD, Witmer LM (2007) Craniofacial anatomy of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Soc Vertebr Paleontol Mem 8:32-102. (Pubitemid 47044694)
21. Larsson HCE, Sereno PC, Wilson JA (2000) Forebrain enlargement among nonavian theropod dinosaurs. J Vertebr Paleontol 20:615-618.
22. Hurum JH, Currie PJ (2000) The crushing bite of tyrannosaurids. J Vertebr Paleontol 20:619-621.
23. Benson RBJ (2008) New information on Stokesosaurus, a tyrannosauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from North America and the United Kingdom. J Vertebr Paleontol 28:732-750.
24. Erickson GM, et al. (2004) Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs. Nature 430:772-775.
25. Carr TD, Williamson TE, A new tyrannosauroid from New Mexico and the origin of deep snouts in Tyrannosauroidea. J Vertebr Paleontol, in press.
26. Sues HD, Frey E, Martill DM, Scott DM (2002) Irritator challengeri, a spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil. J Vertebr Paleontol 22:535-547. (Pubitemid 35206046)
27. Li D, Norell, MA, Gao K, Smith ND, Makovicky PJ (2009) A longirostrine tyrannosauroid from the Early Cretaceous of China. Proc R Soc London Ser B, 10.1098/rspb.2009.0249.
28. Novas FE, Pol D, Canale JI, Porfiri JD, Calvo JO (2009) A bizarre Cretaceous theropod dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of Gondwanan dromaeosaurids. Proc R Soc London Ser B 276:1101-1107.
29. Christiansen P, Farina RA (2004) Mass prediction in theropod dinosaurs. Hist Biol 16:85-92.
30. Barrett PM, Rayfield EJ (2006) Ecological and evolutionary implications of dinosaur feeding behaviour. Trends Ecol Evol 21:217-224.
31. Therrien F, Henderson DM, Ruff CB (2005) Bite me: Biomechanical models of theropod mandibles and implicatiosn for feeding behavior. In The Carnivorous Dinosaurs, ed Carpenter K (Indiana Univ Press, Bloomington, IN), pp 179-237.
32. Young MT, Brusatte SL, Ruta M, Andrade MB (2009). The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (Mesoeucrocodylia, Thalattosuchia): An integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics. Zool J Linn Soc, in press.
33. Bühler P (1992) Light bones in birds. In Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb, ed Campbell KE (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles), pp 385-393.
34. Witmer LM (1997) The evolution of the antorbital cavity of archosaurs: A study in soft-tissue reconstruction in the fossil record with an analysis of the function of pneumaticity. Soc Vertebr Paleontol Mem 3:1-73.
35. Rauhut OWM, Fechner R (2005) Early development of the facial region in a non-avian theropod dinosaur. Proc R Soc London Ser B 272:1179-1183.
36. Horner JR, Goodwin MB (2006) Major cranial changes during Triceratops ontogeny. Proc R Soc London Ser B 273:2757-2761.