메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 65, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 925-935

Hyponatremia in neurosurgical patients: Clinical guidelines development

Author keywords

Cerebral salt wasting; Evidence based medicine; Hyponatremia; Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

Indexed keywords

DEMECLOCYCLINE; DIURETIC AGENT; FLUDROCORTISONE; HYDROCORTISONE; INFUSION FLUID; LITHIUM; NATRIURETIC FACTOR; SODIUM; SODIUM CHLORIDE; UREA; VASOPRESSIN;

EID: 70350333740     PISSN: 0148396X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000358954.62182.B3     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (115)

References (155)
  • 1
    • 23944436433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of inadequate management of hyponatremia
    • Adrogué HJ: Consequences of inadequate management of hyponatremia. Am J Nephrol 25:240-249, 2005.
    • (2005) Am J Nephrol , vol.25 , pp. 240-249
    • Adrogué, H.J.1
  • 3
    • 0034837040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hyponatraemia in patients with acute cerebral insults
    • Albanese A, Hindmarsh P, Stanhope R: Management of hyponatraemia in patients with acute cerebral insults. Arch Dis Child 85:246-251, 2001.
    • (2001) Arch Dis Child , vol.85 , pp. 246-251
    • Albanese, A.1    Hindmarsh, P.2    Stanhope, R.3
  • 4
    • 0021908519 scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia: A prospective analysis of its epidemiology and the pathogenetic role of vasopressin
    • Anderson RJ, Chung HM, Kluge R, Schrier RW: Hyponatremia: A prospective analysis of its epidemiology and the pathogenetic role of vasopressin. Ann Intern Med 102:164-168, 1985.
    • (1985) Ann Intern Med , vol.102 , pp. 164-168
    • Anderson, R.J.1    Chung, H.M.2    Kluge, R.3    Schrier, R.W.4
  • 5
    • 0034943889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic idiopathic hyponatremia in older people due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) possibly related to aging
    • Anpalahan M: Chronic idiopathic hyponatremia in older people due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) possibly related to aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 49:788-792, 2001.
    • (2001) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.49 , pp. 788-792
    • Anpalahan, M.1
  • 6
    • 0022651395 scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia, convulsions, respiratory arrest, and permanent brain damage after elective surgery in healthy women
    • Arieff AI: Hyponatremia, convulsions, respiratory arrest, and permanent brain damage after elective surgery in healthy women. N Engl J Med 314:1529-1535, 1986.
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.314 , pp. 1529-1535
    • Arieff, A.I.1
  • 7
    • 0027282240 scopus 로고
    • Management of hyponatraemia
    • Arieff AI: Management of hyponatraemia. BMJ 307:305-308, 1993.
    • (1993) BMJ , vol.307 , pp. 305-308
    • Arieff, A.I.1
  • 8
    • 0017225309 scopus 로고
    • Neurological manifestations and morbidity of hyponatremia: Correlation with brain water and electrolytes
    • Arieff AI, Llach F, Massry SG: Neurological manifestations and morbidity of hyponatremia: Correlation with brain water and electrolytes. Medicine (Baltimore) 55:121-129, 1976
    • (1976) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.55 , pp. 121-129
    • Arieff, A.I.1    Llach, F.2    Massry, S.G.3
  • 9
    • 33845900992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatraemia as a risk factor for hospital mortality
    • Asadollahi K, Beeching N, Gill G: Hyponatraemia as a risk factor for hospital mortality. QJM 99:877-880, 2006.
    • (2006) QJM , vol.99 , pp. 877-880
    • Asadollahi, K.1    Beeching, N.2    Gill, G.3
  • 10
    • 0019401922 scopus 로고
    • Thiazide-induced hyponatremia associated with death or neurologic damage in outpatients
    • Ashraf N, Locksley R, Arieff AI: Thiazide-induced hyponatremia associated with death or neurologic damage in outpatients. Am J Med 70:1163-1168, 1981.
    • (1981) Am J Med , vol.70 , pp. 1163-1168
    • Ashraf, N.1    Locksley, R.2    Arieff, A.I.3
  • 12
    • 0023162473 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of symptomatic hyponatremia and its relation to brain damage. A prospective study
    • Ayus JC, Krothapalli RK, Arieff AI: Treatment of symptomatic hyponatremia and its relation to brain damage. A prospective study. N Engl J Med 317:1190-1195, 1987.
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.317 , pp. 1190-1195
    • Ayus, J.C.1    Krothapalli, R.K.2    Arieff, A.I.3
  • 13
    • 0026470564 scopus 로고
    • Postoperative hyponatremic encephalopathy in menstruant women
    • Ayus JC, Wheeler JM, Arieff AI: Postoperative hyponatremic encephalopathy in menstruant women. Ann Intern Med 117:891-897, 1992.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.117 , pp. 891-897
    • Ayus, J.C.1    Wheeler, J.M.2    Arieff, A.I.3
  • 14
    • 0036020912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current prescriptions for the correction of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia: Are they too simple?
    • Barsoum NR, Levine BS: Current prescriptions for the correction of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia: Are they too simple? Nephrol Dial Transplant 17:1176-1180, 2002.
    • (2002) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.17 , pp. 1176-1180
    • Barsoum, N.R.1    Levine, B.S.2
  • 15
    • 0038343388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
    • Baylis PH: The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 35:1495-1499, 2003.
    • (2003) Int J Biochem Cell Biol , vol.35 , pp. 1495-1499
    • Baylis, P.H.1
  • 17
    • 0018649865 scopus 로고
    • Hypouricemia in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone
    • Beck LH: Hypouricemia in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. N Engl J Med 301:528-530, 1979.
    • (1979) N Engl J Med , vol.301 , pp. 528-530
    • Beck, L.H.1
  • 19
    • 33750632595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the pathogenesis of hyponatremia after subarachnoid hemorrhage?
    • Benvenga S: What is the pathogenesis of hyponatremia after subarachnoid hemorrhage? Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2:608-609, 2006.
    • (2006) Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab , vol.2 , pp. 608-609
    • Benvenga, S.1
  • 21
    • 0036172298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia in acute brain disease: The cerebral salt wasting syndrome
    • Betjes MG: Hyponatremia in acute brain disease: The cerebral salt wasting syndrome. Eur J Intern Med 13:9-14, 2002.
    • (2002) Eur J Intern Med , vol.13 , pp. 9-14
    • Betjes, M.G.1
  • 22
    • 33846899219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel risk factors for hospital-acquired hyponatraemia: A matched case-control study
    • Beukhof CM, Hoorn EJ, Lindemans J, Zietse R: Novel risk factors for hospital-acquired hyponatraemia: A matched case-control study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 66:367-372, 2007.
    • (2007) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.66 , pp. 367-372
    • Beukhof, C.M.1    Hoorn, E.J.2    Lindemans, J.3    Zietse, R.4
  • 23
    • 33846991895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for symptomatic hyponatraemia: The role of pre-existing asymptomatic hyponatraemia
    • Bissram M, Scott FD, Liu L, Rosner MH: Risk factors for symptomatic hyponatraemia: The role of pre-existing asymptomatic hyponatraemia. Intern Med J 37:149-155, 2007.
    • (2007) Intern Med J , vol.37 , pp. 149-155
    • Bissram, M.1    Scott, F.D.2    Liu, L.3    Rosner, M.H.4
  • 24
    • 34250723746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatraemia in clinical practice
    • Biswas M, Davies JS: Hyponatraemia in clinical practice. Postgrad Med J 83:373-378, 2007.
    • (2007) Postgrad Med J , vol.83 , pp. 373-378
    • Biswas, M.1    Davies, J.S.2
  • 28
    • 0029816077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates of major complications or death in patients admitted to the hospital with congestive heart failure
    • Chin MH, Goldman L: Correlates of major complications or death in patients admitted to the hospital with congestive heart failure. Arch Intern Med 156:1814-1820, 1996.
    • (1996) Arch Intern Med , vol.156 , pp. 1814-1820
    • Chin, M.H.1    Goldman, L.2
  • 30
    • 0023632478 scopus 로고
    • Clinical assessment of extracellular fluid volume in hyponatremia
    • Chung HM, Kluge R, Schrier RW, Anderson RJ: Clinical assessment of extracellular fluid volume in hyponatremia. Am J Med 83:905-908, 1987.
    • (1987) Am J Med , vol.83 , pp. 905-908
    • Chung, H.M.1    Kluge, R.2    Schrier, R.W.3    Anderson, R.J.4
  • 31
    • 33748101587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hyponatraemia in medical inpatients: Aetiology, assessment and outcome
    • Clayton JA, Le Jeune IR, Hall IP: Severe hyponatraemia in medical inpatients: Aetiology, assessment and outcome. QJM 99:505-511, 2006.
    • (2006) QJM , vol.99 , pp. 505-511
    • Clayton, J.A.1    Le Jeune, I.R.2    Hall, I.P.3
  • 32
    • 0025092239 scopus 로고
    • Management of severe hyponatremia Rapid or slow correction?
    • Cluitmans FH, Meinders AE: Management of severe hyponatremia: Rapid or slow correction? Am J Med 88:161-166, 1990.
    • (1990) Am J Med , vol.88 , pp. 161-166
    • Cluitmans, F.H.1    Meinders, A.E.2
  • 33
    • 34247115097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma arginine vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide concentration in patients with hyponatremia at diagnosis and following treatment
    • Coenraad MJ, Bolk JH, Frölich M, Meinders AE: Plasma arginine vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide concentration in patients with hyponatremia at diagnosis and following treatment. Eur J Intern Med 18:221-229, 2007.
    • (2007) Eur J Intern Med , vol.18 , pp. 221-229
    • Coenraad, M.J.1    Bolk, J.H.2    Frölich, M.3    Meinders, A.E.4
  • 36
    • 50449154795 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral salt wasting
    • Cort JH: Cerebral salt wasting. Lancet 266:752-754, 1954.
    • (1954) Lancet , vol.266 , pp. 752-754
    • Cort, J.H.1
  • 37
    • 0021244850 scopus 로고
    • Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors
    • Cusick JF, Hagen TC, Findling JW: Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors. N Engl J Med 311:36-38, 1984.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.311 , pp. 36-38
    • Cusick, J.F.1    Hagen, T.C.2    Findling, J.W.3
  • 38
    • 0031012647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation study of a central venous pressure-based protocol for the management of neurosurgical patients with hyponatremia and natriuresis
    • Damaraju SC, Rajshekhar V, Chandy MJ: Validation study of a central venous pressure-based protocol for the management of neurosurgical patients with hyponatremia and natriuresis. Neurosurgery 40:312-317, 1997.
    • (1997) Neurosurgery , vol.40 , pp. 312-317
    • Damaraju, S.C.1    Rajshekhar, V.2    Chandy, M.J.3
  • 39
    • 0020606045 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by long loop diuretics
    • Decaux G: Treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by long loop diuretics. Nephron 35:82-88, 1983.
    • (1983) Nephron , vol.35 , pp. 82-88
    • Decaux, G.1
  • 40
    • 0037492960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of symptomatic hyponatremia
    • Decaux G, Soupart A: Treatment of symptomatic hyponatremia. Am J Med Sci 326:25-30, 2003.
    • (2003) Am J Med Sci , vol.326 , pp. 25-30
    • Decaux, G.1    Soupart, A.2
  • 41
    • 0018827023 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by urea
    • Decaux G, Brimioulle S, Genette F, Mockel J: Treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by urea. Am J Med 69:99-106, 1980. (Pubitemid 10084693)
    • (1980) American Journal of Medicine , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-106
    • Decaux, G.1    Brimioulle, S.2    Genette, F.3    Mockel, J.4
  • 42
    • 24144451941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osmotic myelinolysis following chronic hyponatremia corrected at an overall rate consistent with current recommendations
    • Dellabarca C, Servilla KS, Hart B, Murata GH, Tzamaloukas AH: Osmotic myelinolysis following chronic hyponatremia corrected at an overall rate consistent with current recommendations. Int Urol Nephrol 37:171-173, 2005.
    • (2005) Int Urol Nephrol , vol.37 , pp. 171-173
    • Dellabarca, C.1    Servilla, K.S.2    Hart, B.3    Murata, G.H.4    Tzamaloukas, A.H.5
  • 43
    • 33646773597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia in neurologic patients: Conse-Quences and approaches to treatment
    • Diringer MN, Zazulia AR: Hyponatremia in neurologic patients: Conse-quences and approaches to treatment. Neurologist 12:117-126, 2006.
    • (2006) Neurologist , vol.12 , pp. 117-126
    • Diringer, M.N.1    Zazulia, A.R.2
  • 47
    • 0029620660 scopus 로고
    • Severe hyponatraemia: Complications and treatment
    • Ellis SJ: Severe hyponatraemia: Complications and treatment. QJM 88:905-909, 1995.
    • (1995) QJM , vol.88 , pp. 905-909
    • Ellis, S.J.1
  • 48
    • 34249047454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice. the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis
    • Ellison DH, Berl T: Clinical practice. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. N Engl J Med 356:2064-2072, 2007.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 2064-2072
    • Ellison, D.H.1    Berl, T.2
  • 49
    • 0034193673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia and hypernatremia. A systematic approach to causes and their correction
    • quiz 179
    • Fall PJ: Hyponatremia and hypernatremia. A systematic approach to causes and their correction. Postgrad Med 107:75-82; quiz 179, 2000.
    • (2000) Postgrad Med , vol.107 , pp. 75-82
    • Fall, P.J.1
  • 51
    • 0015044492 scopus 로고
    • Neurosurgical hyponatremia: The role of inappropriate antidiuresis
    • Fox JL, Falik JL, Shalhoub RJ: Neurosurgical hyponatremia: The role of inappropriate antidiuresis. J Neurosurg 34:506-514, 1971.
    • (1971) J Neurosurg , vol.34 , pp. 506-514
    • Fox, J.L.1    Falik, J.L.2    Shalhoub, R.J.3
  • 52
    • 0031046793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of hyponatremic encephalopathy
    • Fraser CL, Arieff AI: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of hyponatremic encephalopathy. Am J Med 102:67-77, 1997.
    • (1997) Am J Med , vol.102 , pp. 67-77
    • Fraser, C.L.1    Arieff, A.I.2
  • 53
    • 33748323169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia in the neurosurgical patient: Epidemi ology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
    • Fraser JF, Stieg PE: Hyponatremia in the neurosurgical patient: Epidemi ology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Neurosurgery 59:222-229, 2006.
    • (2006) Neurosurgery , vol.59 , pp. 222-229
    • Fraser, J.F.1    Stieg, P.E.2
  • 54
    • 33744963977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of oral conivaptan: A V1A/V2 vasopressin receptor antagonist, assessed in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in patients with euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia
    • Ghali JK, Koren MJ, Taylor JR, Brooks-Asplund E, Fan K, Long WA, Smith N: Efficacy and safety of oral conivaptan: A V1A/V2 vasopressin receptor antagonist, assessed in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in patients with euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:2145-2152, 2006.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 2145-2152
    • Ghali, J.K.1    Koren, M.J.2    Taylor, J.R.3    Brooks-Asplund, E.4    Fan, K.5    Long, W.A.6    Smith, N.7
  • 58
    • 0036014087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical approach to disorders of salt and water balance. Emphasis on integrative physiology
    • Halperin ML, Bohn D: Clinical approach to disorders of salt and water balance. Emphasis on integrative physiology. Crit Care Clin 18:249-272, 2002.
    • (2002) Crit Care Clin , vol.18 , pp. 249-272
    • Halperin, M.L.1    Bohn, D.2
  • 59
    • 0035115974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral salt wasting syndrome
    • Harrigan MR: Cerebral salt wasting syndrome. Crit Care Clin 17:125-138, 2001.
    • (2001) Crit Care Clin , vol.17 , pp. 125-138
    • Harrigan, M.R.1
  • 61
    • 0025038061 scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia is associated with cerebral ischemia in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Hasan D, Wijdicks EF, Vermeulen M: Hyponatremia is associated with cerebral ischemia in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Ann Neurol 27:106-108, 1990.
    • (1990) Ann Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 106-108
    • Hasan, D.1    Wijdicks, E.F.2    Vermeulen, M.3
  • 62
    • 34447558578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatic brain injury: Intensive care management
    • Helmy A, Vizcaychipi M, Gupta AK: Traumatic brain injury: Intensive care management. Br J Anaesth 99:32-42, 2007.
    • (2007) Br J Anaesth , vol.99 , pp. 32-42
    • Helmy, A.1    Vizcaychipi, M.2    Gupta, A.K.3
  • 63
    • 0032933387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, predictors and patterns of postoperative polyuria and hypona traemia in the immediate course after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas
    • Hensen J, Henig A, Fahlbusch R, Meyer M, Boehnert M, Buchfelder M: Prevalence, predictors and patterns of postoperative polyuria and hypona traemia in the immediate course after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 50:431-439, 1999.
    • (1999) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.50 , pp. 431-439
    • Hensen, J.1    Henig, A.2    Fahlbusch, R.3    Meyer, M.4    Boehnert, M.5    Buchfelder, M.6
  • 64
    • 0030722758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in the elderly
    • Hirshberg B, Ben-Yehuda A: The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in the elderly. Am J Med 103:270-273, 1997.
    • (1997) Am J Med , vol.103 , pp. 270-273
    • Hirshberg, B.1    Ben-Yehuda, A.2
  • 65
    • 30344437268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of severe hyponatraemia in hospitalized patients: Treatment-related risk factors and inadequate management
    • Hoorn EJ, Lindemans J, Zietse R: Development of severe hyponatraemia in hospitalized patients: Treatment-related risk factors and inadequate management. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21:70-76, 2006.
    • (2006) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.21 , pp. 70-76
    • Hoorn, E.J.1    Lindemans, J.2    Zietse, R.3
  • 67
    • 0028034906 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides and antidiuretic hormone after subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Isotani E, Suzuki R, Tomita K, Hokari M, Monma S, Marumo F, Hirakawa K: Alterations in plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides and antidiuretic hormone after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 25:2198-2203, 1994.
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , pp. 2198-2203
    • Isotani, E.1    Suzuki, R.2    Tomita, K.3    Hokari, M.4    Monma, S.5    Marumo, F.6    Hirakawa, K.7
  • 68
    • 33747809061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective protocol for management of hyponatremia in nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage patients by hypertonic saline (3%) infusion: P71
    • (Presented at the 8th Joint Annual Meeting of the AANS/CNS section on Cerebrovascular Surgery and the ASITN, Feb. 1-4, 2005; New Orleans, LA.)
    • Janardhan V, Ougorets I, Katz JM, Wells-Roth D, Segal A, Lahm D, Riina H, Gobin YP, Stieg PE: Prospective protocol for management of hyponatremia in nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage patients by hypertonic saline (3%) infusion: P71. Stroke 36:451, 2005. (Presented at the 8th Joint Annual Meeting of the AANS/CNS section on Cerebrovascular Surgery and the ASITN, Feb. 1-4, 2005; New Orleans, LA.)
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , pp. 451
    • Janardhan, V.1    Ougorets, I.2    Katz, J.M.3    Wells-Roth, D.4    Segal, A.5    Lahm, D.6    Riina, H.7    Gobin, Y.P.8    Stieg, P.E.9
  • 69
    • 0038320329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and management of hypo-osmolality in hospitalized patients
    • 7
    • Janicic N, Verbalis JG: Evaluation and management of hypo-osmolality in hospitalized patients. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 32:459-481, vii, 2003.
    • (2003) Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am , vol.32 , pp. 459-481
    • Janicic, N.1    Verbalis, J.G.2
  • 72
    • 39549110192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid adrenomedullin concentration correlates with hyponatremia and delayed ischemic neurological deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Kubo Y, Ogasawara K, Kakino S, Kashimura H, Yoshida K, Ogawa A: Cerebrospinal fluid adrenomedullin concentration correlates with hyponatremia and delayed ischemic neurological deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebrovasc Dis 25:164-169, 2008.
    • (2008) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.25 , pp. 164-169
    • Kubo, Y.1    Ogasawara, K.2    Kakino, S.3    Kashimura, H.4    Yoshida, K.5    Ogawa, A.6
  • 73
    • 0032543910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium
    • Kumar S, Berl T: Sodium. Lancet 352:220-228, 1998.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 220-228
    • Kumar, S.1    Berl, T.2
  • 74
    • 0030297219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of hyponatremia following subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured cerebral aneurysm
    • Kurokawa Y, Uede T, Ishiguro M, Honda O, Honmou O, Kato T, Wanibuchi M: Pathogenesis of hyponatremia following subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Surg Neurol 46:500-508, 1996.
    • (1996) Surg Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 500-508
    • Kurokawa, Y.1    Uede, T.2    Ishiguro, M.3    Honda, O.4    Honmou, O.5    Kato, T.6    Wanibuchi, M.7
  • 75
    • 0031034815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myelinolysis after correction of hyponatremia
    • Laureno R, Karp BI: Myelinolysis after correction of hyponatremia. Ann Intern Med 126:57-62, 1997.
    • (1997) Ann Intern Med , vol.126 , pp. 57-62
    • Laureno, R.1    Karp, B.I.2
  • 76
    • 0030693781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hyponatremic patient: Practical focus on therapy
    • Lauriat SM, Berl T: The hyponatremic patient: Practical focus on therapy. J Am Soc Nephrol 8:1599-1607, 1997.
    • (1997) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.8 , pp. 1599-1607
    • Lauriat, S.M.1    Berl, T.2
  • 79
    • 0036083328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osmotic demyelination syndrome after correction of chronic hyponatremia with normal saline
    • Lin SH, Chau T, Wu CC, Yang SS: Osmotic demyelination syndrome after correction of chronic hyponatremia with normal saline. Am J Med Sci 323:259-262, 2002.
    • (2002) Am J Med Sci , vol.323 , pp. 259-262
    • Lin, S.H.1    Chau, T.2    Wu, C.C.3    Yang, S.S.4
  • 80
    • 0032191668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health policy issues and applications for evidence-based medicine and clinical practice guidelines
    • Lohr KN, Eleazer K, Mauskopf J: Health policy issues and applications for evidence-based medicine and clinical practice guidelines. Health Policy 46:1-19, 1998.
    • (1998) Health Policy , vol.46 , pp. 1-19
    • Lohr, K.N.1    Eleazer, K.2    Mauskopf, J.3
  • 81
    • 0026706827 scopus 로고
    • Hyponatraemia in neurosurgical patients: Diagnosis using derived parameters of sodium and water homeostasis
    • Lolin Y, Jackowski A: Hyponatraemia in neurosurgical patients: Diagnosis using derived parameters of sodium and water homeostasis. Br J Neurosurg 6:457-466, 1992.
    • (1992) Br J Neurosurg , vol.6 , pp. 457-466
    • Lolin, Y.1    Jackowski, A.2
  • 82
    • 0033057577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome: Does it exist?
    • Maesaka JK, Gupta S, Fishbane S: Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome: Does it exist? Nephron 82:100-109, 1999.
    • (1999) Nephron , vol.82 , pp. 100-109
    • Maesaka, J.K.1    Gupta, S.2    Fishbane, S.3
  • 83
    • 0033577337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rational clinical examination. Is this patient hypovolemic?
    • McGee S, Abernethy WB 3rd, Simel DL: The rational clinical examination. Is this patient hypovolemic? JAMA 281:1022-1029, 1999.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 1022-1029
    • McGee, S.1    Abernethy Iii, W.B.2    Simel, D.L.3
  • 84
    • 0036229664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hyponatremic patient: A systematic approach to laboratory diagnosis.
    • Milionis HJ, Liamis GL, Elisaf MS: The hyponatremic patient: A systematic approach to laboratory diagnosis. CMAJ 166:1056-1062, 2002.
    • (2002) CMAJ , vol.166 , pp. 1056-1062
    • Milionis, H.J.1    Liamis, G.L.2    Elisaf, M.S.3
  • 85
    • 0032735075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved efficiency of hypervolemic therapy with inhibition of natriuresis by fludrocortisone in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Mori T, Katayama Y, Kawamata T, Hirayama T: Improved efficiency of hypervolemic therapy with inhibition of natriuresis by fludrocortisone in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 91:947-952, 1999.
    • (1999) J Neurosurg , vol.91 , pp. 947-952
    • Mori, T.1    Katayama, Y.2    Kawamata, T.3    Hirayama, T.4
  • 86
    • 0344304800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic management of excessive natriuresis with hydrocortisone for efficient hypervolemic therapy after subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Moro N, Katayama Y, Kojima J, Mori T, Kawamata T: Prophylactic management of excessive natriuresis with hydrocortisone for efficient hypervolemic therapy after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 34:2807-2811, 2003.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 2807-2811
    • Moro, N.1    Katayama, Y.2    Kojima, J.3    Mori, T.4    Kawamata, T.5
  • 87
    • 34447618202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasopressin dysregulation and hyponatremia in hospitalized patients
    • Multz AS: Vasopressin dysregulation and hyponatremia in hospitalized patients. J Intensive Care Med 22:216-223, 2007.
    • (2007) J Intensive Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 216-223
    • Multz, A.S.1
  • 88
    • 33846697650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New agents for managing hyponatremia in hospitalized patients
    • Munger MA: New agents for managing hyponatremia in hospitalized patients. Am J Health Syst Pharm 64:253-265, 2007.
    • (2007) Am J Health Syst Pharm , vol.64 , pp. 253-265
    • Munger, M.A.1
  • 89
    • 0031736648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion with isotonic saline
    • Musch W, Decaux G: Treating the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion with isotonic saline. QJM 91:749-753, 1998.
    • (1998) QJM , vol.91 , pp. 749-753
    • Musch, W.1    Decaux, G.2
  • 90
    • 0034839439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility and limitations of biochemical parameters in the evaluation of hyponatremia in the elderly
    • Musch W, Decaux G: Utility and limitations of biochemical parameters in the evaluation of hyponatremia in the elderly. Int Urol Nephrol 32:475-493, 2001.
    • (2001) Int Urol Nephrol , vol.32 , pp. 475-493
    • Musch, W.1    Decaux, G.2
  • 91
    • 0029091287 scopus 로고
    • Combined fractional excretion of sodium and urea better predicts response to saline in hyponatremia than do usual clinical and biochemical parameters
    • Musch W, Thimpont J, Vandervelde D, Verhaeverbeke I, Berghmans T, Decaux G: Combined fractional excretion of sodium and urea better predicts response to saline in hyponatremia than do usual clinical and biochemical parameters. Am J Med 99:348-355, 1995.
    • (1995) Am J Med , vol.99 , pp. 348-355
    • Musch, W.1    Thimpont, J.2    Vandervelde, D.3    Verhaeverbeke, I.4    Berghmans, T.5    Decaux, G.6
  • 92
    • 33947200217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral correlates of hyponatremia
    • Nathan BR: Cerebral correlates of hyponatremia. Neurocrit Care 6:72-78, 2007.
    • (2007) Neurocrit Care , vol.6 , pp. 72-78
    • Nathan, B.R.1
  • 93
    • 31344466927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controversies in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Naval NS, Stevens RD, Mirski MA, Bhardwaj A: Controversies in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care Med 34:511-524, 2006.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 511-524
    • Naval, N.S.1    Stevens, R.D.2    Mirski, M.A.3    Bhardwaj, A.4
  • 94
    • 0019849861 scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia in intracranial disease: Perhaps not the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
    • Nelson PB, Seif SM, Maroon JC, Robinson AG: Hyponatremia in intracranial disease: Perhaps not the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). J Neurosurg 55:938-941, 1981.
    • (1981) J Neurosurg , vol.55 , pp. 938-941
    • Nelson, P.B.1    Seif, S.M.2    Maroon, J.C.3    Robinson, A.G.4
  • 95
    • 3242675273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into the pathophysiology of the dysnatremias: A quantitative analysis
    • Nguyen MK, Kurtz I: New insights into the pathophysiology of the dysnatremias: A quantitative analysis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 287:F172-F180, 2004.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.287
    • Nguyen, M.K.1    Kurtz, I.2
  • 96
    • 0041319050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of outcome in hospitalized patients with severe hyponatremia
    • Nzerue CM, Baffoe-Bonnie H, You W, Falana B, Dai S: Predictors of outcome in hospitalized patients with severe hyponatremia. J Natl Med Assoc 95:335-343, 2003.
    • (2003) J Natl Med Assoc , vol.95 , pp. 335-343
    • Nzerue, C.M.1    Baffoe-Bonnie, H.2    You, W.3    Falana, B.4    Dai, S.5
  • 97
    • 0026585410 scopus 로고
    • Disorders of sodium metabolism: Hypernatremia and hyponatremia
    • Oh MS, Carroll HJ: Disorders of sodium metabolism: Hypernatremia and hyponatremia. Crit Care Med 20:94-103, 1992.
    • (1992) Crit Care Med , vol.20 , pp. 94-103
    • Oh, M.S.1    Carroll, H.J.2
  • 98
    • 33847081706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hyponatremia and clinical use of vasopressin antagonists
    • Oh MS: Management of hyponatremia and clinical use of vasopressin antagonists. Am J Med Sci 333:101-105, 2007.
    • (2007) Am J Med Sci , vol.333 , pp. 101-105
    • Oh, M.S.1
  • 99
    • 0030882919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of hyponatremia after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery
    • Olson BR, Gumowski J, Rubino D, Oldfield EH: Pathophysiology of hyponatremia after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. J Neurosurg 87:499-507, 1997.
    • (1997) J Neurosurg , vol.87 , pp. 499-507
    • Olson, B.R.1    Gumowski, J.2    Rubino, D.3    Oldfield, E.H.4
  • 101
    • 0014642604 scopus 로고
    • The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion; An unusual case
    • Olson DR, Buchan GC, Porter GA: The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion; an unusual case. Arch Intern Med 124:741-747, 1969.
    • (1969) Arch Intern Med , vol.124 , pp. 741-747
    • Olson, D.R.1    Buchan, G.C.2    Porter, G.A.3
  • 102
    • 0033593858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia, hyposmolality, and hypotonicity: Tables and fables
    • Oster JR, Singer I: Hyponatremia, hyposmolality, and hypotonicity: Tables and fables. Arch Intern Med 159:333-336, 1999.
    • (1999) Arch Intern Med , vol.159 , pp. 333-336
    • Oster, J.R.1    Singer, I.2
  • 103
    • 0035960673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reinduction of hyponatremia to treat central pontine myelinolysis
    • Oya S, Tsutsumi K, Ueki K, Kirino T: Reinduction of hyponatremia to treat central pontine myelinolysis. Neurology 57:1931-1932, 2001.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 1931-1932
    • Oya, S.1    Tsutsumi, K.2    Ueki, K.3    Kirino, T.4
  • 104
    • 0038070062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia in patients with central nervous system disease: SIADH versus CSW.
    • Palmer BF: Hyponatremia in patients with central nervous system disease: SIADH versus CSW. Trends Endocrinol Metab 14:182-187, 2003.
    • (2003) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.14 , pp. 182-187
    • Palmer, B.F.1
  • 106
    • 0021133299 scopus 로고
    • Hypouricemia, inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, and small cell carcinoma of the lung
    • Passamonte PM: Hypouricemia, inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, and small cell carcinoma of the lung. Arch Intern Med 144:1569-1570, 1984.
    • (1984) Arch Intern Med , vol.144 , pp. 1569-1570
    • Passamonte, P.M.1
  • 110
    • 0344443379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia in critically ill neurological patients
    • Rabinstein AA, Wijdicks EF: Hyponatremia in critically ill neurological patients. Neurologist 9:290-300, 2003.
    • (2003) Neurologist , vol.9 , pp. 290-300
    • Rabinstein, A.A.1    Wijdicks, E.F.2
  • 111
    • 0024548619 scopus 로고
    • Administration of intravenous urea and normal saline for the treatment of hyponatremia in neurosurgical patients
    • Reeder RF, Harbaugh RE: Administration of intravenous urea and normal saline for the treatment of hyponatremia in neurosurgical patients. J Neurosurg 70:201-206, 1989.
    • (1989) J Neurosurg , vol.70 , pp. 201-206
    • Reeder, R.F.1    Harbaugh, R.E.2
  • 112
    • 30944460468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild chronic hyponatremia is associated with falls, unsteadiness, and attention deficits
    • Renneboog B, Musch W, Vandemergel X, Manto MU, Decaux G: Mild chronic hyponatremia is associated with falls, unsteadiness, and attention deficits. Am J Med 119:71.e1-e8, 2006.
    • (2006) Am J Med , vol.119 , Issue.71
    • Renneboog, B.1    Musch, W.2    Vandemergel, X.3    Manto, M.U.4    Decaux, G.5
  • 113
    • 0036154669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurologic manifestations of electrolyte disturbances
    • vii
    • Riggs JE: Neurologic manifestations of electrolyte disturbances. Neurol Clin 20:227-239, vii, 2002.
    • (2002) Neurol Clin , vol.20 , pp. 227-239
    • Riggs, J.E.1
  • 114
    • 0020663443 scopus 로고
    • Thirst and vasopressin function in normal and disordered states of water balance
    • Robertson GL: Thirst and vasopressin function in normal and disordered states of water balance. J Lab Clin Med 101:351-371, 1983.
    • (1983) J Lab Clin Med , vol.101 , pp. 351-371
    • Robertson, G.L.1
  • 115
    • 34250786282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement in hyponatremia during hospitalization for worsening heart failure is associated with improved outcomes: Insights from the Acute and Chronic Therapeutic Impact of a Vasopressin Antagonist in Chronic Heart Failure (ACTIV in CHF) trial
    • DOI 10.1080/17482940701210179, PII 779605863
    • Rossi J, Bayram M, Udelson JE, Lloyd-Jones D, Adams KF, Oconnor CM, Stough WG, Ouyang J, Shin DD, Orlandi C, Gheorghiade M: Improvement in hyponatremia during hospitalization for worsening heart failure is associated with improved outcomes: Insights from the Acute and Chronic Therapeutic Impact of a Vasopressin Antagonist in Chronic Heart Failure (ACTIV in CHF) trial. Acute Card Care 9:82-86, 2007. (Pubitemid 46955230)
    • (2007) Acute Cardiac Care , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 82-86
    • Rossi, J.1    Bayram, M.2    Udelson, J.E.3    Lloyd-Jones, D.4    Adams, K.F.5    Oconnor, C.M.6    Stough, W.G.7    Ouyang, J.8    Shin, D.D.9    Orlandi, C.10    Gheorghiade, M.11
  • 116
    • 0036903373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hyponatraemia: Investigation and management in a district general hospital
    • Saeed BO, Beaumont D, Handley GH, Weaver JU: Severe hyponatraemia: Investigation and management in a district general hospital. J Clin Pathol 55:893-896, 2002.
    • (2002) J Clin Pathol , vol.55 , pp. 893-896
    • Saeed, B.O.1    Beaumont, D.2    Handley, G.H.3    Weaver, J.U.4
  • 117
    • 33747610613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery for hypothalamo-pituitary tumors
    • Sata A, Hizuka N, Kawamata T, Hori T, Takano K: Hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery for hypothalamo-pituitary tumors. Neuroendocrinology 83:117-122, 2006.
    • (2006) Neuroendocrinology , vol.83 , pp. 117-122
    • Sata, A.1    Hizuka, N.2    Kawamata, T.3    Hori, T.4    Takano, K.5
  • 119
    • 0035653709 scopus 로고
    • A syndrome of renal sodium loss and hyponatremia probably resulting from inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone
    • Schwartz WB, Bennett W, Curelop S, Bartter FC: A syndrome of renal sodium loss and hyponatremia probably resulting from inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. 1957. J Am Soc Nephrol 12:2860-2870, 2001.
    • (1957) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.12 , pp. 2860-2870
    • Schwartz, W.B.1    Bennett, W.2    Curelop, S.3    Bartter, F.C.4
  • 121
    • 0024556171 scopus 로고
    • Atrial natriuretic polypeptide in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage due to aneurysmal rupture. Correlation to hyponatremia
    • Shimoda M, Yamada S, Yamamoto I, Tsugane R, Sato O: Atrial natriuretic polypeptide in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage due to aneurysmal rupture. Correlation to hyponatremia. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 97:53-61, 1989.
    • (1989) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.97 , pp. 53-61
    • Shimoda, M.1    Yamada, S.2    Yamamoto, I.3    Tsugane, R.4    Sato, O.5
  • 122
    • 0024438703 scopus 로고
    • Severe hyponatremia in spinal cord injury
    • Sica DA, Culpepper RM: Severe hyponatremia in spinal cord injury. Am J Med Sci 298:331-333, 1989.
    • (1989) Am J Med Sci , vol.298 , pp. 331-333
    • Sica, D.A.1    Culpepper, R.M.2
  • 124
    • 0028044982 scopus 로고
    • Management of neurosurgical patients with hyponatremia and natriuresis
    • Sivakumar V, Rajshekhar V, Chandy MJ: Management of neurosurgical patients with hyponatremia and natriuresis. Neurosurgery 34:269-274, 1994.
    • (1994) Neurosurgery , vol.34 , pp. 269-274
    • Sivakumar, V.1    Rajshekhar, V.2    Chandy, M.J.3
  • 127
    • 36849045208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osmotic demyelination syndrome following rapid correction of hyponatraemia
    • Snell DM, Bartley C: Osmotic demyelination syndrome following rapid correction of hyponatraemia. Anaesthesia 63:92-95, 2008.
    • (2008) Anaesthesia , vol.63 , pp. 92-95
    • Snell, D.M.1    Bartley, C.2
  • 128
    • 0027463057 scopus 로고
    • Diuretic-induced severe hyponatremia. Review and analysis of 129 reported patients
    • Sonnenblick M, Friedlander Y, Rosin AJ: Diuretic-induced severe hyponatremia. Review and analysis of 129 reported patients. Chest 103:601-606, 1993.
    • (1993) Chest , vol.103 , pp. 601-606
    • Sonnenblick, M.1    Friedlander, Y.2    Rosin, A.J.3
  • 129
    • 0029790541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic recommendations for management of severe hyponatremia: Current concepts on pathogenesis and prevention of neurologic complications
    • Soupart A, Decaux G: Therapeutic recommendations for management of severe hyponatremia: Current concepts on pathogenesis and prevention of neurologic complications. Clin Nephrol 46:149-169, 1996.
    • (1996) Clin Nephrol , vol.46 , pp. 149-169
    • Soupart, A.1    Decaux, G.2
  • 130
    • 33847293959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful long-term treatment of hyponatremia in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion with satavaptan (SR121463B), an orally active nonpeptide vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist
    • Soupart A, Gross P, Legros JJ, Alfoldi S, Annane D, Heshmati HM, Decaux G: Successful long-term treatment of hyponatremia in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion with satavaptan (SR121463B), an orally active nonpeptide vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1:1154-1160, 2006.
    • (2006) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.1 , pp. 1154-1160
    • Soupart, A.1    Gross, P.2    Legros, J.J.3    Alfoldi, S.4    Annane, D.5    Heshmati, H.M.6    Decaux, G.7
  • 131
    • 0033024670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic relowering of the serum sodium in a patient after excessive correction of hyponatremia
    • Soupart A, Ngassa M, Decaux G: Therapeutic relowering of the serum sodium in a patient after excessive correction of hyponatremia. Clin Nephrol 51:383-386, 1999.
    • (1999) Clin Nephrol , vol.51 , pp. 383-386
    • Soupart, A.1    Ngassa, M.2    Decaux, G.3
  • 133
    • 0023623546 scopus 로고
    • Severe symptomatic hyponatremia: Treatment and outcome. A study of 64 cases
    • Sterns RH: Severe symptomatic hyponatremia: Treatment and outcome. A study of 64 cases. Ann Intern Med 107:656-664, 1987.
    • (1987) Ann Intern Med , vol.107 , pp. 656-664
    • Sterns, R.H.1
  • 134
    • 0022633817 scopus 로고
    • Osmotic demyelination syndrome following correction of hyponatremia
    • Sterns RH, Riggs JE, Schochet SS Jr: Osmotic demyelination syndrome following correction of hyponatremia. N Engl J Med 314:1535-1542, 1986.
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.314 , pp. 1535-1542
    • Sterns, R.H.1    Riggs, J.E.2    Schochet Jr., S.S.3
  • 135
    • 0018760450 scopus 로고
    • Fluid and electrolyte disturbances in patients with intracranial aneurysms
    • Takaku A, Shindo K, Tanaka S, Mori T, Suzuki J: Fluid and electrolyte disturbances in patients with intracranial aneurysms. Surg Neurol 11:349-356, 1979.
    • (1979) Surg Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 349-356
    • Takaku, A.1    Shindo, K.2    Tanaka, S.3    Mori, T.4    Suzuki, J.5
  • 136
    • 0029165372 scopus 로고
    • Delayed onset of hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas
    • Taylor SL, Tyrrell JB, Wilson CB: Delayed onset of hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas. Neurosurgery 37:649-654, 1995.
    • (1995) Neurosurgery , vol.37 , pp. 649-654
    • Taylor, S.L.1    Tyrrell, J.B.2    Wilson, C.B.3
  • 138
    • 33644875352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbances of sodium in critically ill adult neurologic patients: A clinical review
    • Tisdall M, Crocker M, Watkiss J, Smith M: Disturbances of sodium in critically ill adult neurologic patients: A clinical review. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 18:57-63, 2006.
    • (2006) J Neurosurg Anesthesiol , vol.18 , pp. 57-63
    • Tisdall, M.1    Crocker, M.2    Watkiss, J.3    Smith, M.4
  • 139
    • 0031928557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentrations of brain natriuretic peptide in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Tomida M, Muraki M, Uemura K, Yamasaki K: Plasma concentrations of brain natriuretic peptide in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 29: 1584-1587, 1998.
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 1584-1587
    • Tomida, M.1    Muraki, M.2    Uemura, K.3    Yamasaki, K.4
  • 140
    • 33745684087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and prevalence of hyponatremia
    • Upadhyay A, Jaber BL, Madias NE: Incidence and prevalence of hyponatremia. Am J Med 119 [Suppl 1]:S30-S35, 2006.
    • (2006) Am J Med , vol.119 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Upadhyay, A.1    Jaber, B.L.2    Madias, N.E.3
  • 141
    • 0031930174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation to acute and chronic hyponatremia: Implications for symptomatology, diagnosis, and therapy
    • Verbalis JG: Adaptation to acute and chronic hyponatremia: Implications for symptomatology, diagnosis, and therapy. Semin Nephrol 18:3-19, 1998.
    • (1998) Semin Nephrol , vol.18 , pp. 3-19
    • Verbalis, J.G.1
  • 143
    • 0023926789 scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia hypo-osmolarity in neurosurgical patients."Appropriate secretion of ADH" and "cerebral salt wasting syndrome"
    • Vingerhoets F, de Tribolet N: Hyponatremia hypo-osmolarity in neurosurgical patients. "Appropriate secretion of ADH" and "cerebral salt wasting syndrome". Acta Neurochir (Wien) 91:50-54, 1988.
    • (1988) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.91 , pp. 50-54
    • Vingerhoets, F.1    De Tribolet, N.2
  • 144
    • 0025177718 scopus 로고
    • Fluid balance disturbances in neurosurgical patients: Physiological basis and definitions.
    • Walker V: Fluid balance disturbances in neurosurgical patients: Physiological basis and definitions. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 47:95-101, 1990.
    • (1990) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.47 , pp. 95-101
    • Walker, V.1
  • 145
    • 0024387325 scopus 로고
    • A study of serum antidiuretic hormone and atrial natriuretic peptide levels in a series of patients with intracranial disease and hyponatremia
    • Weinand ME, O'Boynick PL, Goetz KL: A study of serum antidiuretic hormone and atrial natriuretic peptide levels in a series of patients with intracranial disease and hyponatremia. Neurosurgery 25:781-785, 1989.
    • (1989) Neurosurgery , vol.25 , pp. 781-785
    • Weinand, M.E.1    O'Boynick, P.L.2    Goetz, K.L.3
  • 146
  • 147
    • 0021927575 scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia and cerebral infarction in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: Is fluid restriction harmful?
    • Wijdicks EF, Vermeulen M, Hijdra A, van Gijn J: Hyponatremia and cerebral infarction in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: Is fluid restriction harmful? Ann Neurol 17:137-140, 1985.
    • (1985) Ann Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 137-140
    • Wijdicks, E.F.1    Vermeulen, M.2    Hijdra, A.3    Van Gijn, J.4
  • 149
    • 0023769283 scopus 로고
    • The effect of fludrocortisone acetate on plasma volume and natriuresis in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Wijdicks EF, Vermeulen M, van Brummelen P, van Gijn J: The effect of fludrocortisone acetate on plasma volume and natriuresis in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 90:209-214, 1988.
    • (1988) Clin Neurol Neurosurg , vol.90 , pp. 209-214
    • Wijdicks, E.F.1    Vermeulen, M.2    Van Brummelen, P.3    Van Gijn, J.4
  • 150
    • 0030912559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fludrocortisone in the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced hyponatremia
    • Woo MH, Kale-Pradhan PB: Fludrocortisone in the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced hyponatremia. Ann Pharmacother 31:637-639, 1997.
    • (1997) Ann Pharmacother , vol.31 , pp. 637-639
    • Woo, M.H.1    Kale-Pradhan, P.B.2
  • 151
    • 0022607832 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of hyponatraemic seizures with intravenous 29.2% saline
    • Worthley LI, Thomas PD: Treatment of hyponatraemic seizures with intravenous 29.2% saline. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 292:168-170, 1986.
    • (1986) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) , vol.292 , pp. 168-170
    • Worthley, L.I.1    Thomas, P.D.2
  • 152
    • 1242329182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salt and water: A simple approach to hyponatremia
    • Yeates KE, Singer M, Morton AR: Salt and water: A simple approach to hyponatremia. CMAJ 170:365-369, 2004.
    • (2004) CMAJ , vol.170 , pp. 365-369
    • Yeates, K.E.1    Singer, M.2    Morton, A.R.3
  • 153
    • 33846293324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition and management of delayed hyponatremia following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery
    • Zada G, Liu CY, Fishback D, Singer PA, Weiss MH: Recognition and management of delayed hyponatremia following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. J Neurosurg 106:66-71, 2007.
    • (2007) J Neurosurg , vol.106 , pp. 66-71
    • Zada, G.1    Liu, C.Y.2    Fishback, D.3    Singer, P.A.4    Weiss, M.H.5
  • 154
    • 34748924247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the efficacy and safety of intravenous conivaptan in euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia
    • Zeltser D, Rosansky S, van Rensburg H, Verbalis JG, Smith N; Conivaptan Study Group: Assessment of the efficacy and safety of intravenous conivaptan in euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. Am J Nephrol 27:447-457, 2007.
    • (2007) Am J Nephrol , vol.27 , pp. 447-457
    • Zeltser, D.1    Rosansky, S.2    Van Rensburg, H.3    Verbalis, J.G.4    Smith, N.5    Study Group, C.6
  • 155
    • 0018816660 scopus 로고
    • Vasopressin function in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis
    • Zerbe R, Stropes L, Robertson G: Vasopressin function in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. Annu Rev Med 31:315-327, 1980.
    • (1980) Annu Rev Med , vol.31 , pp. 315-327
    • Zerbe, R.1    Stropes, L.2    Robertson, G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.