A review on promising approaches for liquid permeability improvement in softwoods

Wood and Fiber Science

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 373-385

  Lehringer, Christian ^a   Richter, Klaus ^a,c   Schwarze, Francis W M R ^a   Militz, Holger ^b  

^a SWISS FEDERAL LABORATORIES FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

^c SWST   (United States)

Author keywords

Bioincising; Impregnation; Penetration depth; Permeability improvement; Wood modification

Indexed keywords

ABIES ALBA; BIOINCISING; BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES; LIQUID PERMEABILITY; LITERATURE REVIEWS; LOW PERMEABILITY; NORWAY SPRUCE; OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE; PENETRATION DEPTH; PERMEABILITY IMPROVEMENT; PICEA ABIES (L.) KARST; PRETREATMENT METHODS; RAY PARENCHYMA; SELECTIVE DEGRADATION; WHITE ROT FUNGI; WOOD DRYING; WOOD MODIFICATION; WOOD PERMEABILITY;

CAPILLARITY; FORESTRY; IMPREGNATION; LANDFORMS; LIQUIDS; TERMINOLOGY; WOOD PRESERVATION;

MECHANICAL PERMEABILITY;

CAPILLARITY; DEPTH; FORESTRY; IMPREGNATION; LIQUIDS; PENETRATION; PERMEABILITY; WOOD; WOOD PRESERVATION;

ABIES; ABIES ALBA; ABIES GRANDIS; FUNGI; PHYSISPORINUS; PICEA ABIES;

EID: 70350273336     PISSN: 07356161     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Addleman K, Archibald F (1993) Kraft pulp bleaching and delignification by dikaryons and monokaryons of trametes versicolor. Appl Environ Microbiol 59(1):266-273.
2. Adolf FP, Gerstetter E, Liese W (1972) Untersuchungen über einige Eigenschaften von Fichtenholz nach dreijähriger Wasserlagerung. (Studies on selected properties of spruce wood after three years of ponding). Holzforschung 26:18-25.
3. AWPA (2008) Book of standards. American Wood Protection Association. Birmingham, AL.
4. Bailey PJ, Preston RD (1969) Some aspects of softwood permeability. Holzforschung 23(2):113-120.
5. Bamber RK, Fukazawa K (1985) Sapwood and heartwood - A review. Forestry Abstr 46(9):567-580.
6. Banks W (1981) Addressing the problem of non-steady state liquid flow in wood. Wood Sci Technol 15(3):171-177.
7. Bao F, Lu J, Zhao Y (2001) Effect of bordered pit torus position on permeability in Chinese yezo spruce. Wood Fiber Sci 33(2):193-199.
8. Comstock GL (1965) Longitudinal permeability of green eastern hemlock. Forest Prod J 15(10):441-449.
9. Comstock GL (1970) Directional permeability of softwoods. Wood Fiber Sci 1(4):283-289.
10. Comstock GL, Coté WA (1968) Factors affecting permeability and pit aspiration in coniferous sapwood. Wood Sci Technol 2(4):279-291.
11. CSA (1997) CSAO80. Canadian standards for wood preservation. CSA Technical Committee on Wood Preservation. Ottawa, Canada.
12. DIN (1990) DIN68800-3. Protection of timber; preventive chemical protection. DIN German Institute for Standardization. Berlin, Germany.
13. Donath S, Militz H, Mai C (2006) Creating water-repellent effects on wood by treatment with silanes. Holzforschung 60(1):40-46.
14. EN (2006) EN335_2. Durability of wood and wood-based products - Definition of use classes - Part 2: Application to solid wood. CEN European Committee for Standardization. Brussels, Belgium.
15. EN (2007) EN351_1 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Preservative- treated solid wood - Part 1: Classification of preservative penetration and retention. CEN European Committee for Standardization. Brussels, Belgium.
16. Erickson HD (1970) Permeability of southern pine wood - A review. Wood Sci 2(3):149-158.
17. Flynn KA (1995) A review of the permeability, fluid flow, and anatomy of spruce (Picea spp.). Wood Fiber Sci 27(3):278-284.
18. Fujii T, Suzuki Y, Kuroda N (1997) Bordered pit aspiration in the wood of Cryptomeria japonica in relation to air permeability. IAWA J 18(1):69-76.
19. Fujikawa S, Ishida S (1975) Ultrastructure of ray parenchyma cell walls of softwood. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 21:445-456.
20. Gindl W, Hansmann C, Gierlinger N, Schwanninger M, Hinterstoisser B, Jeronimidis G (2004) Using a water-soluble melamine-formaldehyde resin to improve the hardness of Norway spruce wood. J Appl Polym Sci 93(4):1900-1907.
21. Hacke UG, Sperry JS, Pittermann J (2004) Analysis of circular bordered pit function II. Gymnosperm tracheids with torus-margo pit membranes. Am J Bot 91(3):386-400.
22. Hansmann C, Gindl W, Wimmer R, Teischinger A (2002) Permeability of wood - A review. Drev Vysk 47 (4):1-16.
23. Hayashi S, Nishimoto K, Kishima T (1966) Study on the liquid permeability of softwoods. Wood Res-Slovakia 38:47-57.
24. Hill CAS (2006) Wood modification: Chemical, thermal and other processes. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium Southern Gate Chichester, UK. 260 pp.
25. Keith CT, Chauret G (1988) Anatomical studies of CCA penetration associated with conventional (tooth) and with micro (needle) incising. Wood Fiber Sci 20(2):197-208.
26. Kininmonth JA (1971) Permeability and fine structure of wood to micro-filtered water. Holzforschung 25:127-133.
27. Kobayashi Y (1998) Drying and anatomical characteristics of sugi wood attacked by bacteria during pond storage. J Wood Sci 44(6):432-437.
28. Koran Z (1989) Anatomy and treatability of spruce wood. Pages 23-41 in Proc 1988 Forintek wood preservation seminar. 4 November 1988. Vancouver, Canada.
29. Lehringer C, Arnold M, Richter K, Schubert M, Schwarze FWMR, Militz H (2009) Bioincised wood as substrate for surface modifications. Pages 197-200 in F Englund, CAS Hill, H Militz, BK Segerholm, eds., Proc European Conference on Wood Modification, 27-29 May 2009, Stockholm.
30. Li X, Zhang B, Li W, Li Y (2005) Research on the effect of microwave pretreatment on moisture diffusion coefficient of wood. Wood Sci Technol 39(7):521-528.
31. Liese W, Bauch J (1967) On anatomical causes of refractory behaviour of spruce and Douglas fir. J I Wood Sci 4(19):3-14.
32. Lihra T, Cloutier A, Zhang SY (2000) Longitudinal and transverse permeability of balsam fir wetwood and normal heartwood. Wood Fiber Sci 32(2):164-178.
33. Mai C, Kües U, Militz H (2004) Biotechnology in the wood industry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 63(5):477-494.
34. Mai C, Nguyen HM, Donath S, Weigenand O, Militz H (2007) Neuartige Systeme zur Hydrophobierung von Holz in der Außenanwendung. (Innovative Systems for the hydrophobation of wood in exterior use). 25. Holzschutz-Tagung der DGfH, 20-21 September 2007; Biberach/Riß. Pages 73-85.
35. Mantanis GI, Young RA (1997) Wetting of wood. Wood Sci Technol 31(5):339-353.
36. Matsumura J (1999) Impregnation of radiata pine wood by vacuum treatment II: Effect of pre-steaming on wood structure and resin content. J Wood Sci 45(6):456-462.
37. Merenda L, Holan J (2008) The permeability of microwave treated wood for distilled water. Acta U Agr Silvi Men Bru 56(1):137-142.
38. Messner K, Bruce A, Bongers HPM (2003) Treatability of refractory wood species after fungal pre-treatment. Pages 389-401 in Proc European Conference on Wood Modification. Göttingen.
39. Militz H (1993a) Der Einfluss enzymatischer Behandlung auf die Tränkbarkeit kleiner Fichtenproben. [The influence of pre-treatments with enzymes on the penetrability of small spruce wood specimens.] Holz Roh Werkst 51 (2):135-142.
40. Militz H (1993b) Enzymatische Behandlungen von Fichtenrund - und Schnittholz zur Verbesserung der Tränkbarkeit. [Enzymatic pre-treatment of spruce posts and sawn boards to improve their treatability with wood preservatives.] Holz Roh Werkst 51(5):339-346.
41. Morris PI, Morrell JJ, Ruddick JNR (1994) A review of incising as a means of improving treatment of sawnwood. International Research Group in Wood Preservation IRG/WP 94-40019. Pages 1-24.
42. Nicholas DD, Thomas RJ (1968) The influence of enzymes on the structure and permeability of loblolly pine. In Proc American Wood Preservers' Association, 22-24 April 1968. 64:1-7.
43. Nijdam JJ, Lehmann E, Keey RB (2001) Bacterial treatment of Pinus radiata timber to improve permeability. Pages 1-11 in Proc of the 2nd Inter-American Drying Conference, July 8-10, 2001, Veracruz, Mexico.
44. Olsson T, Megnis M, Varna J, Lindberg H (2001) Study of the transverse liquid flow paths in pine and spruce using scanning electron microscopy. J Wood Sci 47(4):282-288.
45. Palin MA, Petty JA (1981) Permeability to water of the cell wall material of spruce heartwood. Wood Sci Technol 15(3):161-169.
46. Petty JA (1970) Permeability and structure of the wood of Sitka spruce. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 175:149-166.
47. Reinprecht L, Pánek M (2008) Bio-treatment of spruce wood for improving of its permeability and soaking. Pt. 1: Direct treatment with the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Wood Res-Slovakia 53(2):1-12.
48. Resch H, Ecklund BA (1964) Permeability of wood. Exemplified by measurements on redwood. Forest Prod J 14:199-206.
49. Richter K (1989) Perforation and impregnation methods to improve weather resistance of structural timber. Empa Research and working report 115/19 (Dept. 115, wood). Pages 1-44. Dübendorf, Switzerland.
50. Richter K, Sell J (1992) Untersuchung der kapillaren Transportwege im Weißtannenholz. [Investigation on the capillary transport system in wood of White Fir.] Holz Roh Werkst 50(9):329-336.
51. Rosner B, Messner K, Tucker E, Bruce A (1998) Improved preservative penetration of spruce after pretreatment with selected fungi. I. Fungal pretreatment of pole sections. Int J Res Group Wood Preserv IRG/WP 9840117:1-14.
52. Rowell RM (2005). Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 487 pp.
53. Schmidt O, Schmitt U, Moreth U, Potsch T (1997) Wood decay by the white-rotting basidiomycete Physisporinus vitreus from a cooling tower. Holzforschung 51(3):193-200.
54. Schubert M, Dengler V, Mourad S, Schwarze FWMR (2009) Determination of optimal growth parameters for the bioincising fungus Physisporinus vitreus by means of response surface methodology. J Appl Microbiol 106 (5):1734-1742.
55. Schwarze FWMR (2008) Procedure and composition for the improvement of the uptake and distribution of soaking compositions in woods. Patent EP1681145.
56. Schwarze FWMR, Landmesser H (2000) Preferential degradation of pit membranes within tracheids by the basidiomycete Physisporinus vitreus. Holzforschung 54(5):461-462.
57. Schwarze FWMR, Landmesser H, Zgraggen B, Heeb M (2006) Permeability changes in heartwood of Picea abies and Abies alba induced by incubation with Physisporinus vitreus. Holzforschung 60(4):450-454.
58. Siau JF (1984). Transport processes in wood. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany. 245 pp.
59. Siau JF (1995). Wood: Influence of moisture on physical properties. Dept. of Wood Science and Forest Products Virgnia Polytechnic Instiute and State University. 227 pp.
60. Tarmian A, Perré P (2009) Air permeability in longitudinal and radial directions of compression wood of Picea abies L. and tension wood of Fagus sylvatica L. Holzforschung 63(3):352-356.
61. Terziev N (2002) Effect of high temperature and microwave treatment on microstructure of softwoods. COST E15 Workshop: Methods for Improving Drying Quality of Wood 6.
62. Thomas RJ, Kringstad KP (1971) The role of hydrogen bonding in pit aspiration. Holzforschung 25(5):143-149.
63. Unligil HH (1972) Penetrability and strength of white spruce after ponding. Forest Prod J 22(9):92-100.
64. Usta I, Hale M (2006) Comparison of the bordered pits of two species of spruce (Pinaceae) in a green and kiln-dried condition and their effects on fluid flow in the stem wood in relation to wood preservation. Forestry 79(4):467-475.
65. Usta I, Hale MD (2004) Radial permeability of Sitka spruce i Picea sitchensis (bong.) Carr.] as affected by aspects of ray cell tissue. J I Wood Sci 16(5):295-301.
66. Wardrop AB, Davies GW (1961) Morphological factors relating to the penetration of liquids into wood. Holzforschung 15(5):129-141.