Biotechnology in the wood industry

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Volumn 63, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 477-494

  Mai, C ^a   Militz, H ^a   Kues U ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADHESIVE AGENT; BIOCIDE; FUEL; FUNGAL ENZYME; GLUE; LACCASE; LIGNIN; PEROXIDASE; WOOD PROTECTING AGENT;

BIOTECHNOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGY; TIMBER INDUSTRY;

ADHESION; BIODEGRADABILITY; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT; BIOREMEDIATION; BIOTECHNOLOGY; BUILDING MATERIAL; CELL TRANSFORMATION; ENZYME ACTIVATION; FERMENTATION; FUNGUS CULTURE; INSECT; LEGAL ASPECT; MICROBIAL DEGRADATION; MICROORGANISM; MOULD; NONHUMAN; OXIDATION; PAPER; PAPER INDUSTRY; POLYMERIZATION; PROCESSING; PROTECTION; SHORT SURVEY; STAINING; WASTE DISPOSAL; WASTE MANAGEMENT; WOOD;

ADHESIVES; BIOTECHNOLOGY; FUNGI; LIGNIN; PRESERVATION, BIOLOGICAL; REFUSE DISPOSAL; WOOD;

FUNGI; INSECTA;

EID: 1242315476     PISSN: 01757598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-003-1411-7     Document Type: Short Survey

References (208)

1. Adolf FP (1975) Über eine enzymatische Vorbehandlung von Nadelholz zur Verbesserung der Wegsamkeit. Holzforschung 29:181-186
2. Adolf FP (1976) Untersuchungen zum Tränkverhalten von enzymatisch vorbehandeltem Nadelholz. Holz Roh Werkst 34:163-166
3. Adolf FP, Gerstetter E, Liese W (1972) Untersuchungen über einige Eigenschaften von Fichtenholz nach dreijähriger Wasserlagerung. Holzforschung 26:18-25
4. Ander P, Stoytschev I, Eriksson K-E (1988) Cleavage and metabolism of methoxyl groups from vanillic and ferulic acids by brown-rot and soft-rot fungi. Cellul Chem Technol 22:255-266
5. Ander P, Mishra C, Farrell RL, Eriksson K-EL (1990) Redox reactions in lignin degradation: interaction between laccase, different peroxidases and cellobiose:quinine oxidoreductase. J Biotechnol 13:189-198
6. Ayla C, Nimz HH (1984) Die Verwendung von Ablaugenlignin bei der Herstellung von Holzwerkstoffen. Holzforschung 42:415-419
7. Back EL (1987) The bonding mechanism in hardboard manufacture. Holzforschung 41:247-258
8. Bajpai P (1999) Application of enzymes in the pulp and paper industry. Biotechnol Prog 5:147-157
9. Bauch J, Liese W, Scholz F (1968) Über die Entwicklung und stoffliche Zusammensetzung der Hoftüpfelmembranen von Längstracheiden in Coniferen. Holzforschung 22:144-153
10. Bauch J, Liese W, Berndt H (1970) Biological investigations for the improvement of the permeability of softwoods. Holzforschung 24:199-205
11. Bauch J, Adolf P, Liese W (1973) Untersuchungen über die Tränkbarkeit von Fichtenholz. Holz Roh Werkst 31:115-120
12. Bauch J, Schweers W, Berndt H (1974) Lignification during heartwood formation: comparative study of rays and bordered pit membranes in coniferous woods. Holzforschung 28:86-91
13. Behrendt CJ, Blanchette RA (2001) Biological control of blue stain in pulpwood: mechanisms of control used by Phlebiopsis gigantea. Holzforschung 55:238-245
14. Behrendt CJ, Blanchette RA, Farrell RL (1995) Biological control of blue-stain fungi in wood. Phytopathology 85:92-97
15. Berka RM, Schneider P, Golightly EJ, Brown SH, Madden M, Brown KM, Halkier T, Mondorf K, Xu F (1997) Characterization of the gene encoding an extracellular laccase of Myceliophthora thermophila and analysis of recombinant enzyme expressed in Aspergillus oryzae. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:3151-3157
16. Blanchette RA, Farrell RL, Burnes TA, Wendler PA, Zimmerman W, Brush TS, Snyder RA (1992a) Biological control of pitch in pulp and paper production by Ophiostoma piliferum. TAPPI J 75:102-106
17. Blanchette RA, Wilmering AM, Baumeister M (1992b) The use of green-stained wood caused by the fungus Chlorociboria in intarsia masterpieces from the 15th century. Holzforschung 46:225-232
18. Boudet AM, Lapierre C, Grima Pettenati J (1995) Tansley review no. 80: biochemistry and molecular biology of lignification. New Phytol 129:203-236
19. Brisson A, Gharibian S, Eagen R, Leclerc DF, Breuil C (1996) Localization and characterization of the melanin granules produced by the sap-staining fungus Ophiostoma piceae. Mater Org 30:23-32
20. Brown HL, Bruce A (1999) Assessment of the biocontrol potential of a Trichoderma viride isolate - part I: establishment of field and fungal cellar trials. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 44:219-223
21. Brown HL, Bruce A, Staines HJ (1999) Assessment of the biocontrol potential of a Trichoderma isolate - part II: protection against soft rot and basidiomycete decay. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 44:225-231
22. Bruce A, King B, Highley TL (1991) Decay resistance of wood removed from poles biologically treated with Trichoderma. Holzforschung 45:307-311
23. Bruce A, Wheatley RE, Humphries SN, Hackett CA, Florence MEJ (2000) Production of volatile compounds by Trichoderma in media containing different amino acids and their effect on selected wood decay fungi. Holzforschung 54:481-486
24. Bumpus JA, Tien M, Wright D, Aust SD (1985) Oxidation of persistent environmental pollutants by a white-rot fungus. Science 228:1434-1436
25. Butler T, Alcalde N, Sieber V, Meinhold P, Schlachtbauer C, Arnold FH (2003) Functional expression of a fungal laccase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by directed evolution. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:987-995
26. Canessa EA, Morrell JJ (1997) Biological control of wood decay fungi. I. Effect of exogenous carbon on effectiveness. Mater Org 31:167-182
27. Cerniglia C (1992) Biodegradation of PAH. Biodegradation 3:351-368
28. Clausen CA (1996) Bacterial associations with decaying wood: a review. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 37:101-107
29. Clausen CA (1997) Enhanced removal of CCA from treated wood by Bacillus licheniformis in continuous culture. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/WP 97-55083), Stockholm
30. Clausen CA (2000a) Isolating metal-tolerant bacteria capable of removing copper, chromium, and arsenic from treated wood. Waste Manage Res 18:264-268
31. Clausen CA (2000b) CCA removal from treated wood using a dual remediation process. Waste Manage Res 18:485-488
32. Clausen CA, Smith RL (1998a) CCA removal from treated wood by chemical, mechanical and microbial processing. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/WP 98-50101/27), Stockholm
33. Clausen CA, Smith RL (1998b) Removal of CCA from treated wood by oxalic acid extraction, steam explosion, and bacterial fermentation. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 20:251-257
34. Clausen CA, Kartal SN, Muehl J (2001) Particleboard made from remediated CCA-treated wood: evaluation of panel properties. For Prod J 51(7-8):61-64
35. Collett O (1992) Comparative tolerance of the brown-rot fungus Antrodia vaillantii (DC.:Fr.) Ryv. isolates to copper. Holzforschung 46:293-298
36. Conesa A, Jeenes D, Archer DB, Hondel CAMJJ van den, Punt PJ (2002) Calnexin overexpression increases manganese peroxidase production in Aspergillus. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:846-850
37. Connick WJ, Osbrink WLA, Wright MS, Williams KS, Daigle DJ, Boykin DL, Lax AR (2001) Increased mortality of Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) exposed to eicosanoid biosynthetic inhibitors and Serratia marcescens (Eubacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae). Environ Entomol 30:449-445
38. Crawford DM, Clausen CA (1999) Evaluation of wood treated with copper-based preservatives for Cu loss during exposure to heat and copper-tolerant Bacillus licheniformis. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/WP 99-20155), Stockholm
39. Crawford DM, De Groot RC, Watkins JB, Greaves H, Schmalzl KJ, Syers TL (2000) Treatability of US wood species with pigment-emulsified creosote. For Prod J 50(1):29-35
40. Culliney TW, Grace JK (2000) Prospects for the biological control of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), with special reference to Coptotermes formosanus. Bull Entomol Res 90:9-21
41. Da Costa EWB (1959) Abnormal resistance of Poria vaillantii (DC. Ex Fr.) Cke. strains to copper-chrome-arsenate wood preservatives. Nature 183:910-911
42. Da Costa EWB, Kerruish RM (1964) Tolerance of Poria species to copper-based wood preservatives. For Prod J 14:106-112
43. Da Costa EWB, Johanson R, Osborne LD (1969) Laboratory evaluations of wood preservatives III. Holzforschung 23:99-107
44. De Groot R, Woodward B (1998) Wolfiporia cocos - a potential agent for composting or bioprocessing Douglas fir wood treated with copper-based preservatives. Mater Org 32:195-215
45. De Groot R, Woodward B (1999) Using copper-tolerant fungi to biodegrade wood treated with copper-based preservatives. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 44:17-27
46. Decker P, Cohen B, Butala JH, Gordon T (2002) Exposure to wood dust and heavy metals in workers using CCA pressure-treated wood. AIHA J 63:166-171
47. Deshpande V, Eriksson K-E, Pettersson B (1978) Production, purification and partial characterization of 1,4-β-glucosidases enzymes from Sporotrichum pulverulentum. Eur J Biochem 90:191-198
48. Dorado J, Claassen FW, Lenon G, Beck TA van, Wijnberg JBPA, Sierra-Alvarez R (2000) Degradation and detoxification of softwood extractives by sapstain fungi. Bioresour Technol 71:13-20
49. Drisko RW, O'Neill TB (1966) Microbiological metabolism of creosote. For Prod J 16(7):31-34
50. Duncan CG, Deverall FJ (1964) Degradation of wood preservatives by fungi. Appl Microbiol 12:57-62
51. Dunn C, Wolfaardt F, Wingfield MJ (2002) Pathogenicity of Ophistoma piliferum (Cartapip 97) compared with that of other South African sap-stain fungi. S Afr J Sci 98:401-403
52. Eriksson K-E, Pettersson B (1975a) Extracellular enzyme system utilized by the fungus Sporotrichum pulverulentum (Chrysosporium lignorum) for the breakdown of cellulose. 1. Separation, purification and physicochemical characterization of five endo-1,4-β-glucanases. Eur J Biochem 51:193-206
53. Eriksson K-E, Pettersson B (1975b) Extracellular enzyme system utilized by the fungus Sporotrichum pulverulentum (Chrysosporium lignorum) for the breakdown of cellulose. 3. Purification and physico-chemical characterization of an exo-1,4-β-glucanase. Eur J Biochem 51:213-218
54. Eriksson K-EL, Blanchette RA, Ander P (1990) Microbial and enzymatic degradation of wood and wood components. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
55. Evans CS (1991) Enzymes of lignin degradation. In: Betts WE (ed) Biodegradation: natural and synthetic compounds. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 175-184
56. Farrell RL, Blanchette RA, Brush TS, Hadar Y, Iverson S, Krisa K, Wendler PA, Zimmerman W (1993) Cartapip - a biopulping product for control of pitch and resin acid problems in pulp mills. J Biotechnol 30:115-122
57. Felby C, Hassingboe J (1996) The influence of the chemical structure and physical state of native lignin upon the bonding strength of enzymatic bonded dry-process fiberboards. In: Kyoto University (ed) Third pacific rim bio-based composites symposium. Kyoto University, Kyoto, pp 283-291
58. Felby C, Nielsen BR, Olesen PO, Skibsted LH (1997a) Identification and quantification of radical reaction intermediates by electron spin resonance spectrometry of laccase-catalyzed oxidation of wood fibers from beech (Fagus sylvatica). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 48:459-464
59. Felby C, Pedersen LS, Nielsen BR (1997b) Enhanced autoadhesion of wood fibers using phenol oxidases. Holzforschung 51:281-286
60. Felby C, Olesen PO, Hansen TT (1998) Laccase catalyzed bonding of wood fibers. In: Eriksson K-EL, Cavaco-Paulo A (eds) Enzyme applications in fiber processing. (ACS symposium series 687) American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp 88-98
61. Felby C, Hassingboe J, Lund M (2002) Pilot-scale production of fiberboards made by laccase oxidized wood fibers: board properties and evidence for cross-linking of lignin. Enzyme Microb Technol 31:736-741
62. Fengel D, Wegener G (1984) Wood: chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions, de Gruyter, Berlin
63. Fenning TM, Gershenzon J (2002) Where will the wood come from? Plantation forests and the role of biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 20:291-296
64. Fleet C, Breuil C, Uzunovic A (2001) Nutrient composition and pigmentation of deep and surface colonizing sapstaining fungi in Pinus contorta. Holzforschung 55:340-346
65. Freudenberg K, Neish AC (1968) Constitution and biosynthesis of lignin. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
66. Gadd GM (1993) Interaction of fungi with toxic metals. New Phytol 124:25-60
67. Gadd GM (1999) Fungal production of citric and oxalic acid: importance in metal speciation, physiology and biogeochemical processes. Adv Microbiol Physiol 41:47-92
68. Gadd GM (2000) Bioremedial potential of microbial mechanisms of metal mobilization and immobilization. Curr Opin Biotechnol 11:271-279
69. Gadd GM, Sayer JA (2000) Influence of fungi on the environmental mobility of metals and metalloids. In: Lovley DR (ed) Environmental microbe-metal interactions. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., pp 237-256
70. Galbe M, Zacchi G (2002) A review of the production of ethanol from softwood. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 59:618-628
71. Golinski P, Krick TP, Blanchette RA, Mirocha CJ (1995) Chemical characterization of a red pigment (5,8-dihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxy-1,4- naphthalenedione) produced by Arthrographis cuboida in pink stained wood. Holzforschung 49:407-410
72. Grace JK (2003) Approaches to biological control of termites. Sociobiology 41:115-121
73. Graf E (1990) Biologischer und biotechnischer Holzschutz - Literaturreview. (Interner Bericht 120,500) EMPA, St Gallen
74. Graf E (2001) Biologische und biotechnologische Verfahren gegen holzbewohnende Pilze - eine Übersicht. Holz Roh Werkst 59:356-362
75. Greaves H (1970) The effect of some wood inhabiting bacteria on the permeability characteristics and microscopic features of Eucalyptus regnans sapwood and Pinus radiata sapwood and heartwood. Holzforschung 24:6-17
76. Green F, Highley TL (1997) Mechanism of brown-rot decay: paradigm or paradox. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 39:113-124
77. Gutierrez A, Rio JC del, Martinez MJ, Martinez AT (2001) The biotechnological control of pitch in paper pulp manufacturing. Trends Biotechnol 19:340-348
78. Haars A, Trojanowski J, Hüttermann A (1987) Lignin bioconversion and its technical application In: Wise DL (ed) Bioenvironmental systems, vol I. CRC, Boca Raton, Fla., pp 89-129
79. Haars A, Kharazipour A, Zanker H, Hüttermann A (1989) Room-temperature curing adhesives based on lignin and phenoloxidases. In: Hemingway RW, Conner AH, Branham SJ (eds) Adhesives from renewable resources. (ACS symposium series 385) American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp 126-134
80. Henriksson G, Ander P, Pettersson B, Pettersson G (1995) Cellobiose dehydrogenase (cellobiose oxidase) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium as a wood-degrading enzyme. Studies on cellulose, xylan and synthetic lignin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 42:790-796
81. Henriksson G, Johansson G, Pettersson G (2000) A critical review of cellobiose dehydrogenases. J Biotechnol 78:93-113
82. Highley TL, Dashek WV (1998) Biotechnology in the study of brown-and white-rot decay. In: Bruce A, Palfreyman JW (eds) Forest products biotechnology. Taylor and Francis, London, pp 15-36
83. Hingston JA, Moore J, Bacon A, Lester JN, Murphy RJ, Collins CD (2002) The importance of the short-term leaching dynamics of wood preservatives. Chemosphere 47:517-523
84. Humphrey DG (2002) The chemistry of chromated copper arsenate wood preservatives. Rev Inorg Chem 22:1-40
85. Humphries SN, Bruce A, Wheatley RE (2001) The effect of specific volatile organic compounds produced by Trichoderma spp on the growth of wood decay basidiomycetes. Holzforschung 55:233-237
86. Humphries SN, Bruce A, Wheatley RE (2002) The effect of Trichoderma volatiles on protein synthesis in Serpula lacrymans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 210:215-219
87. Hüttermann A, Kharazipour A (1996) Enzymes as polymerization catalysts. In: Maijanen A, Hase A (eds) New catalysts for a clean environment. (VTT symposium 163) Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Espoo, pp 143-148
88. Hüttermann A, Haars A, Trojanowski J, Milstein O, Kharazipour A (1989a) Enzymatic modification of lignin for its technical use - strategies and results. In: Glasser WG, Sarkanen S (eds) New polymeric materials from lignin. (ACS symposium series 397) American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp 361-371
89. Hüttermann A, Milstein O, Nicklas B, Trojanowski J, Haars A, Kharazipour A (1989b) Methods for the evaluation of lignin properties suitable for conversion. In: Chesson A, Orskov ER (eds) Physico-chemical characterisation of plant residues for industrial and feed. Elsevier, London, pp 147-157
90. Hüttermann A, Mai C, Kharazipour A (2001) Modification of lignin for the production of new compounded materials. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 55:387-394
91. Illman BL, Highley TL (1996) Fungal degradation of wood treated with metal-based preservatives. Part 1: fungal tolerance. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/ WP 96-10163), Stockholm
92. Illman BL, Bajt S, Highley TL (1996) Fungal degradation of wood treated with metal-based preservatives. Part 2: redox states of chromium. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/WP 96-10164), Stockholm
93. Illman BL, Yang VW, Ferge L (2000) Bioprocessing preservative-treated waste wood. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/WP 00-50145), Stockholm
94. Jaeger KE, Reetz MT (1998) Microbial lipases form versatile tools for biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 16:396-403
95. Jellison J, Conolly J, Goodell B, Doyle B, Illman B, Fekete F, Ostrofsky A (1997) The role of cations in the biodegradation of wood by the brown rot fungi. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 39:165-179
96. Jin L, Schultz TP, Nicholas DD (1990a) Structural characterization of brown-rotted lignin. Holzforschung 44:133-138
97. Jin L, Sellers T, Schultz TP, Nicholas DD (1990b) Utilization of lignin modified by brown-rot fungi. Holzforschung 44:207-210
98. Jin L, Nicholas DD, Schultz TP (1991) Wood laminates glued by enzymatic oxidation of brown-rotted lignin. Holzforschung 45:467-468
99. Johnson BR, Giovik LR (1970) Effect of Trichoderma viride and a contaminating bacterium on microstructure and permeability of loblolly pine and Douglas fir. Am Wood Preserv Assoc 66:234-242
100. Juhasz AL, Naidu R (2000) Bioremediation of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review of the microbial degradation of benzo[a]pyrene. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 45:57-88
101. Kartal SN, Clausen CA (2001) Leachability and decay resistance of particleboard made from acid extracted and bioremediated CCA-treated wood. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 47:183-191
102. Kerner-Gang W (1975) Einwirken von Mikroorganismen auf Steinkohleteeröl. Org Holz 3:319-330
103. Keyser P, Kirk TK, Zeikus JG (1978) Ligninolytic enzyme system of Phanerochaete chrysosporium: synthesized in the absence of lignin in response to nitrogen starvation. J Bacteriol 135:790-797
104. Kharazipour A, Hüttermann A (1998) Biotechnological production of wood composites. In: Bruce A, Palfreyman JW (eds) Forest products biotechnology. Taylor and Francis, London, pp 141-150
105. Kharazipour A, Hüttermann A, Lüdemann HD (1997) Enzymatic activation of wood fibres as a means for the production of wood composites. J Adhes Sci Technol 11:419-427
106. 2 before conventional pressing. J Adhesion Sci Technol 12:1045-1053
107. Kharazipour A, Mai C, Hüttermann A (1998b) Polyphenols for compounded materials. Polym Degrad Stab 59:237-243
108. Kirk TK (1975) Effect of a brown-rot fungus, Lenzites trabea, on lignin in spruce wood. Holzforschung 29:99-107
109. Kirk TK, Highley TL (1973) Quantitative changes in structural components of conifer woods during decay by white-and brown-rot fungi. Phytopathology 55:739-745
110. Kirk TK, Shimada M (1985) Lignin biodegradation: the organisms involved in the physiology and biochemistry of degradation by white-rot fungi. In: Higuchi T (ed) Biosynthesis and biodegradation of wood components. Academic Press, Orlando, Fla., pp 579-605
111. Koenigs JW (1974) Hydrogen peroxide and iron: a proposed system for decomposition of wood by brown-rot basidiomycetes. Wood Fiber 6:66-80
112. Körner I, Kühne G, Pecina H (2001) Unsterile Fermentation von Hackschnitzeln - eine Holzbehandlungsmethode für die Faserplattenherstellung. Holz Roh Werkst 59:334-341
113. Kortekaas S, Sierra-Alvarez R (1996) Fungal bioleaching of metals in preservative-treated wood. In: Srebotnik E, Messner K (eds) Biotechnology in the pulp and paper industry. Facultas Universitätsverlag, Vienna, pp 599-601
114. Kües U, Liu Y (2000) Fruiting body production in basidiomycetes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 54:141-152
115. Kühne G, Dittler B (1999) Enzymatische Modifizierung nachwachsender Rohstoffe für die Herstellung bindemittelfreier Faserwerkstoffe. Holz Roh Werkst 57:264
116. Kumar S Morrell JJ (1993) Effect of fatty acid removal on treatability of Douglas-fir. International Research Group on Wood Preservation. (IRG WP 92-1531), Stockholm
117. Lamar RT (1995) Use of wood-decay fungi for disposal of PCP-treated wood. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/WP 95-50040/33), Stockholm
118. Lamar RT, Dietrich DM (1992) Use of lignin-degrading fungi in the disposal of pentachlorophenol-treated wood. J Ind Microbiol 9:181-191
119. Le Bayon I, Ansard D, Brunet C, Girardi S, Paulmier I (2000) Biocontrol of Reticulitermes santonensis by entomopathogenic fungi - improvement of the contamination process. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/ WP 00-10359), Stockholm
120. Lee D-H, Takahashi M, Tsunoda K (1992a) Fungal detoxification of organoiodine wood preservatives. Part 1. Holzforschung 46:81-86
121. Lee D-H, Takahashi M, Tsunoda K (1992b) Fungal detoxification of organoiodine wood preservatives. Part 2. Holzforschung 46:467-469
122. Lee S, Kim SH, Breuil C (2002) The use of the green fluorescent protein as a biomarker for sapstain fungi. For Pathol 32:153-161
123. Legay S, Marchal P, Labat G (1998) Alternative technologies for wood wastes recycling - part B: biotreatment of PCP-and creosote-treated wood. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/WP 98-50101/19b), Stockholm
124. Leithoff HB, Peek R-D (1997) Experience with an industrial scale-up for the biological purification of CCA-treated wood waste. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/WP 97-50095), Stockholm
125. Leithoff HB, Peek R-D (1998) Biological detoxification processes - a check list for assessments. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/WP 98-50120), Stockholm
126. Leithoff HB, Stephan I, Lenz MT, Peek R-D (1995) Growth of copper tolerant brown rot fungus Antrodia vaillantii on different substrates. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/WP 95-10121), Stockholm
127. Litchfield CD, Rao M (1998) Pentachlorophenol biodegradation: laboratory and field studies. In: Lewandowski GA, DeFilippi LJ (eds) Biological treatment of hazardous wastes. Wiley, New York, pp 271-302
128. Luthardt W (1963) Myko-Holz-Herstellung, Eigenschaften und Verwendung. In: Lyr H, Gillwald W (eds) Holzzerstörung durch Pilze. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, pp 83-88
129. Mai C, Schormann W, Hüttermann A (2001) Chemo-enzymatically induced copolymerization of phenolics with acrylate compounds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 55:177-186
130. Majcherczyk A, Hüttermann A (1998) Bioremediation of wood treated with preservatives using white-rot fungi. In: Bruce A, Palfreyman JW (eds) Forest products biotechnology. Taylor and Francis, London, pp 129-140
131. Maloney TM (1993) Modern particleboard and dry-process fiberboard manufacturing. Miller Freeman, San Francisco
132. Manczinger L, Molńar A, Kredics L, Antal Z (2002) Production of bacteriolytic enzymes by mycoparasitic Trichoderma strains. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 18:147-150
133. Martinez-Inigo MJ, Immerzeel P, Gutierrez A, Rio JC del, Sierra-Alvarez R (1999) Biodegradability of extractives in sapwood and heartwood from Scots pine by sapstain and white rot fungi. Holzforschung 53:247-252
134. McBain A, Cui F, Herbert L, Ruddick JN (1995) The microbial degradation of chlorophenolic preservatives in spent, pressure-treated timber. Biodegradation 6:47-55
135. McLean J, Beveridge TJ (2001) Chromate reduction by a pseudomonad isolated from a site contaminated with chromated copper arsenate. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:1076-1084
136. Messner K (1998) Biopulping. In: Bruce A, Palfreyman JW (eds) Forest products biotechnology. Taylor and Francis, London, pp 63-82
137. Messner K, Böhmer S (1998) Evaluation of fungal remediation of creosote treated wood. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/ WP 98-50101/26), Stockholm
138. Messner K, Fackler K, Srebotnik E, Hinterstoisser B, Steinwender M (2002) Biotechnological wood modification. In: Vienna University (ed) Proceedings of the international symposium on wood based materials, part 2. Vienna University, Vienna, pp 45-59
139. Meyer RW (1974) Effect of enzyme treatment on bordered-pit ultrastructure, permeability, and toughness of the sapwood of three western conifers. Wood Sci 6:220-230
140. Militz H (1993a) The enzymatic decomposition of neutral and acid polysaccharides from spruce wood. Wood Sci Technol 28:9-22
141. Militz H (1993b) Der Einfluß enzymatischer Behandlungen auf die Tränkbarkeit kleiner Fichtenproben. Holz Roh Werkst 51:135-142
142. Militz H, Homan WJ (1993) Vorbehandlung von Fichtenholz mit Chemikalien mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung der Imprägnierbarkeit. Holz Roh Werkst 51:14-20
143. Milner RJ (2003) Application of biological control agents in mound building termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) - experiences with Metarhizium in Australia. Sociobiology 41:419-428
144. Morishita S, Ohkoshi M, Nakato K, Sadoh T (1986) Destroying obstacles in the fluid flow through softwood with pectolytic enzymes. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 32:401-408
145. Morrell JJ, Morris PI (2002) Methods for improving preservative penetration into wood: a review. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/WP 02-40227), Stockholm
146. Myles TG (2002) Alarm, aggregation, and defense by Reticulitermes flavipes in response to a naturally occurring isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae. Sociobiology 40:243-255
147. Nicholas DD, Thomas RJ (1968) Influence of steaming on ultrastructure of bordered pit membrane in loblolly pine. For Prod J 18(1):57-59
148. Nimz H (1974) Das Lignin der Buche - Entwurf eines Konstruktionsschemas. Angew Chem 9:336-344
149. Nimz H (1983) Lignin-based wood adhesives. In: Pizzi A (ed) Wood adhesion chemistry and technology. Dekker, New York, pp 247-288
150. Nimz H, Razvi A, Marquharab I, Clad D (1972) Bindemittel bzw Klebemittel zur Herstellung von Holzwerkstoffen sowie zur Verklebung von Werkstoffen verschiedener Art. German patent DOS 2221353
151. Nimz H, Gurang I, Mogharab I (1976) Untersuchung zur Vernetzung technischer Sulfitablauge. Liebigs Ann Chem 1976:1421-1434
152. Ohkoshi M, Tokuda M, Sadoh T (1987) Increase of permeability of Sugi by degrading bordered pit membranes with enzymes. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 33:347-353
153. Orth AB, Tien M (1995) Biotechnology of lignin degradation. In: Kück U (ed) The Mycota. II. Genetics and biotechnology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 287-302
154. Palfreyman JW, White NA, Buultjens TEJ, Glancy H (1995) The impact of current research on the treatment by the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 35:369-395
155. Palfreyman JW, Smith D, Low GA (2001) The use of representative modelling to test the efficacy of environmental control treatments for the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans: simulating the infection and the treatment of floor timber. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 47:27-36
156. Parker BJ, Veness RG, Evans CS (1999) A biochemical mechanism whereby Paecilomyces variotii can overcome the toxicity of the wood protectant, borate. Enzyme Microb Technol 24:402-406
157. Payne C, Bruce A (2001) The yeast Debaryomyces hansenii as a short-term biological control agent against fungal spoilage of sawn Pinus sylvestris timber. Biol Control 22:22-28
158. Payne C, Bruce A, Staines H (2000) Yeast and bacteria as biological control agents against fungal discoloration of Pinus sylvestris blocks in laboratory-based tests and the role of antifungal volatiles. Holzforschung 54:563-569
159. Peek R-D, Stephan I, Leithoff HB (1993) Microbial decomposition of salt treated wood. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/WP 93-50001/22), Stockholm
160. Pena L, Seguin A (2001) Recent advances in the genetic transformation of trees. Trends Biotechnol 19:500-506
161. Peylo A, Willeitner H (2001) Assessment of borates as wood preservatives. Holz Roh Werkst 58:476-482
162. Rath AC (2000) The use of entomopathogenic fungi for control of termites. Biocontrol Sci Technol 10:563-581
163. Ratto M, Chatani M, Ritschkoff AC, Viikari L (2001) Screening of micro-organisms for decolorization of melanins produced by bluestain fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 55:210-213
164. Record E, Punt PJ, Chamkha M, Labat M, Hondel CAMJJ van den, Asther M (2002) Expression of the Pycnoporus cinnabarinus laccase gene in Aspergillus niger and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. Eur J Biochem 269:602-609
165. Ribichich KF, Lopez SE (1996) Fungal decay in creosote-treated Eucalyptus power transmission poles. Mater Org 30:63-72
166. Roffael E, Rauch W (1971) Über die Herstellung von Holzspanplatten auf Basis von Sulfitablauge. Holzforschung 25:112-116
167. Rosner B, Messner K, Tucker E, Bruce A (1998) Improved preservative penetration of spruce after pre-treatment with selected fungi. I: fungal pre-treatment of pole sections. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/ WP 98-40117), Stockholm
168. Saikawa Y, Watanabe T, Hashimoto K, Nakata M (2000) Absolute configuration and tautomeric structure of xylindein, a blue-green pigment of Chlorociboria species. Phytochemistry 55:237-240
169. Sandhu SS, Unkles SE, Rajak RC, Kinghorn JR (2001) Generation of benomyl resistant Beauveria bassiana strains and their infectivity against Helicoverpa armigera. Biocontrol Sci Technol 11:245-250
170. Schmidt O (1994) Holz-und Baumpilze. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
171. Schroeder S, Kim SH, Lee S, Sterflinger K, Breuil C (2002) The β-tubulin gene is a useful target for PCR-based detection of an albino Ophiostoma piliferum used in biological control of sapstain. Eur J Plant Pathol 108:793-801
172. Score AJ, Bruce A, King B, Palfreyman JW (1998) The biological control of Serpula lacrymans by Trichoderma species. Holzforschung 52:124-132
173. Shen KC (1974) Modified powdered spent sulphite liquor as binder for exterior waferboard. For Prod J 24:38-44
174. Silver S (1996) Bacterial resistances to toxic metal ions - a review. Gene 179:9-19
175. Singh J (1999) Dry rot and other wood-destroying fungi: their occurrence, biology, pathology and control. Indoor Built Environ 8:3-20
176. Smouse J, Foster D, Freitag C, Morrell JJ (1999) Ability of selected Trichoderma spp to inhibit microbial discoloration of Ponderosa pine sapwood. Mater Org 33:107-118
177. Soden DM, O'Callaghan J, Dobsen ADW (2002) Molecular cloning of a laccase isozyme gene from Pleurotus sajor-caju and expression in the heterologous Pichia pastoris host. Microbiology 148:4003-4014
178. Spiridon I, Popa VI (2000) Application of microorganisms and enzymes in the pulp and paper industry. Cell Chem Technol 34:275-285
179. St. Leger RJ, Joshi L, Bidochka MJ, Roberts DW (1996) Construction of an improved mycoinsecticide overexpressing a toxic protease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:6349-6354
180. Staples JA, Milner RJ (2000) A laboratory evaluation of the repellency of Metarhizium anisopliae conidia to Coptotermes lacteus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Sociobiology 36:133-148
181. Stephan I, Peek R-D (1992) Biological detoxification of wood treated with salt preservatives. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/WP 92-3717), Watford
182. Stephan I, Leithoff HB, Peek R-D (1996) Microbial conversion of wood treated with salt preservatives. Mater Org 30:179-199
183. Stranks DW, Hulme MA (1975) The mechanism of biodegradation of wood preservatives. Org Holz 3:345-353
184. Suolahti O, Wallen A (1958) Der Einfluss der Nasslagerung auf das Wasseraufnahmevermögen des Kiefernsplintholzes. Holz Roh Werkst 16:8-17
185. Tracy A (2002) Unique blue wood died of natural causes. J Commer (28 January)
186. Tschernitz JL (1973) Enzyme mixture improves creosote treatment of kiln-dried Rocky mountain Douglas-fir. For Prod J 23(3):30-38
187. Tucker E, Bruce A, Staines HJ, Rosner B, Messner K (1998) Improved preservative penetration of spruce after pre-treatment with selected fungi. II: creosote treatment, analysis, strength testing. International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG/WP 98-40106), Stockholm
188. Unbehaun H, Wolff M, Kühne G, Schindel K, Hüttermann A, Cohen R, Chet I (1999) Mechanismen der mykologischen Transformation von Holz für die Holzwerkstoffherstellung. Holz Roh Werkst 57:92
189. Unbehaun H, Dittler B, Kühne G, Wagenführ A (2000) Investigation into the biotechnological modification of wood and its application in the wood-based material industry. Acta Biotechnol 20:305-312
190. Unligil HH (1968) Depletion of pentachlorophenol by fungi. For Prod J 18(2):45-50
191. Valadares-Inglis MC, Inglis PW (1997) Transformation of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium flavoriode strain CG423 to benomyl resistance. FEMS Microbiol Lett 155:199-202
192. Vanneste JL, Hill RA, Kay SJ, Farrell RL, Holland PT (2002) Biological control of sapstain fungi with natural products and biological control agents: a review of the work carried out in New Zealand. Mycol Res 106:228-232
193. Volz KR (1995) Holz - Rohstoff der Zukunft. Holz-Zentralbl 121:2459-2462
194. Wang C, Powell JE (2003) Isolation and evaluation of Beauveria bassiana for control of Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Sociobiology 41:369-381
195. Wang Z, Leone R, Breuil C (1997) Why fungal growth is less effective in aspen heartwood than in aspen sapwood. Mater Org 31:145-155
196. Weißenfels WD, Beyer M, Klein J (1990) Degradation of phenanthrene, fluorene and fluoranthene by pure bacterial cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 32:479-484
197. Westermark U, Eriksson K-E (1974) Cellobiose:quinine oxidoreductase, a new wood degrading enzyme from white-rot fungi. Acta Chem Scand B 28:209-214
198. Westermark U, Eriksson K-E (1975) Purification and properties of cellobiose:quinine oxidoreductase from Sporotrichum pulverulentum. Acta Chem Scand B 29:419-424
199. Westlund A, Nohrstedt HO (2000) Effects of stump-treatment substances for root-rot control on ground vegetation and soil properties in a Picea abies forest in Sweden. Scand J For Res 15:550-560
200. White-McDougall WJ, Blanchette RA, Farrell RL (1998) Biological control of blue stain fungi on Populus tremuloides using selected Ophiostoma isolates. Holzforschung 52:234-240
201. Woods WG (1994) An introduction to boron history, sources, uses, and chemistry. Environ Health Perspect 102[Suppl]:5-11
202. Woodward B, De Groot R (1999) Tolerance of Wolfiporia cocos isolates to copper in agar media. For Prod J 49(4):87-94
203. Wright MS, Osbrink WLA, Lax AR (2002) Transfer of entomopathogenic fungi among Formosan subterranean termites and subsequent mortality. J Appl Entomol 126:20-23
204. Yamaguchi H, Nagamori N, Sakata I (1991) Application of the dehydrogenative polymerization of vanillic acid to bonding of woody fibers. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 37:220-226
205. Yamaguchi H, Maeda Y, Sakata I (1992) Application of phenol dehydrogenative polymerization by laccase to bonding among woody fibers. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 38:931-937
206. Yamaguchi H, Maeda Y, Sakata I (1994) Bonding among woody fibers by use of enzymatic phenol dehydrogenative polymerization. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 40:185-190
207. Yang DQ, Rossignol L (1999) Evaluation of Gliocladium roseum against wood-degrading fungi in vitro and on major Canadian wood species. Biocontrol Sci Technol 9:409-420
208. Yoshimoto T, Hayashi S, Kishima T (1972) Artificial modification of bordered pits in softwoods. Wood Res 52:90-105