Muscle forces or gravity-what predominates mechanical loading on bone?: Introduction

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 41, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 2033-2036

  Beck, Belinda R ^a  

^a GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Bone mineral density; Bone strain; Bone strength; Exercise and bone

Indexed keywords

BONE DENSITY; BONE GROWTH; BONE MASS; BONE STRENGTH; BONE STRESS; EXERCISE; MUSCLE FORCE; MUSCLE GROWTH; MUSCLE MASS; OSTEOLYSIS; PARALYSIS; REVIEW;

BONE AND BONES; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; EXERCISE; GRAVITATION; HUMANS; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; WEIGHT-BEARING;

EID: 70350214963     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: 15300315     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a8c4b6     Document Type: Review

References (35)

1. Be'ery-Lipperman M, Gefen A. Contribution of muscular weakness to osteoporosis: computational and animal models. Clin Biomech. 2005;20(9):984-997
2. Burr DB. Muscle strength, bone mass, and age-related bone loss. J Bone Miner Res. 1997;12(10):1547-1551
3. Cuthbertson DP. The influence of prolonged muscular rest on metabolism. Biochem J. 1929;23(6):1328-1345
4. Duda GN, Schneider E, Chao EY. Internal forces and moments in the femur during walking. J Biomech. 1997;30(9):933-941
5. Frost HM. On our age-related bone loss: insights from a new paradigm. J Bone Miner Res. 1997;12(10):1539-1546
6. Giddings VL, Beaupre GS, Whalen RT, Carter DR. Calcaneal loading during walking and running. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000; 32(3):627-634
7. Heinonen A, Sievanen H, Kannus P, Oja P, Vuori I. Effects of unilateral strength training and detraining on bone mineral mass and estimated mechanical characteristics of the upper limb bones in young women. J Bone Miner Res. 1996;11(4):490-501.
8. Janicka A, Wren TA, Sanchez MM, et al. Fat mass is not beneficial to bone in adolescents and young adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(1):143-147
9. Jorgensen L, Crabtree NJ, Reeve J, Jacobsen BK. Ambulatory level and asymmetrical weight bearing after stroke affects bone loss in the upper and lower part of the femoral neck differently: bone adaptation after decreased mechanical loading. Bone. 2000; 27(5):701-707
10. Kohrt WM, Ehsani AA, Birge SJ Jr. Effects of exercise involving predominantly either joint-reaction or ground-reaction forces on bone mineral density in older women. J Bone Miner Res. 1997; 12(8):1253-1261
11. Kukuljan S, Nowson C, Bass S, Sanders K, Nicholson G, Daly R. Effects of a targeted bone and muscle loading program on QCT bone geometry and strength, muscle size and function in older men. J Bone Miner Res. 2008;23:S69.
12. Lu TW, Taylor SJ, O'Connor JJ, Walker PS. Influence of muscle activity on the forces in the femur: an in vivo study. J Biomech. 1997;30(11-12):1101-1106
13. Macdonald H, Kontulainen S, Petit M, Janssen P, McKay H. Bone strength and its determinants in pre-and early pubertal boys and girls. Bone. 2006;39(3):598-608.
14. Mack PB, LaChance PA, Vose GP, Vogt FB. Bone deminerali-zation of foot and hand of Gemini-Titan IV, V and VII astronauts during orbital flight. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1967;100(3):503-511
15. Mack PB, Vogt FB. Roentgenographic bone density changes in astronauts during representative Apollo space flight. Am J Roent-genol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1971;113(4):621-633
16. MacKelvie KJ, Petit MA, Khan KM, Beck TJ, McKay HA. Bone mass and structure are enhanced following a 2-year randomized controlled trial of exercise in prepubertal boys. Bone. 2004;34(4): 755-764
17. Marcus R. Relationship of age-related decreases in muscle mass and strength to skeletal status. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1995;50 Spec No:86-87
18. Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, Achenbach SJ, et al. Does reduced skeletal loading account for age-related bone loss? J Bone Miner Res. 2006;21(12):1847-1855
19. Mittlmeier T, Mattheck C, Dietrich F. Effects of mechanical loading on the profile of human femoral diaphyseal geometry. Med Eng Phys. 1994;16(1):75-81.
20. O'Connor JA, Lanyon LE, MacFie H. The influence of strain rate on adaptive bone remodelling. J Biomech. 1982;15(10): 767-781
21. Pain MT, Challis JH. The influence of soft tissue movement on ground reaction forces, joint torques and joint reaction forces in drop landings. J Biomech. 2006;39(1):119-124
22. Pang MY, Ashe MC, Eng JJ, McKay HA, Dawson AS. A 19-week exercise program for people with chronic stroke enhances bone geometry at the tibia: a peripheral quantitative computed tomography study. Osteoporos Int. 2006;17(11):1615-1625
23. Rauch F, Bailey DA, Baxter-Jones A, Mirwald R, Faulkner R. The Fmuscle-one unit- during the pubertal growth spurt. Bone. 2004;34(5):771-775
24. Rubin CT, Lanyon LE. Regulation of bone formation by applied dynamic loads. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66(3): 397-402.
25. Ruff C. Growth in bone strength, body size, and muscle size in a juvenile longitudinal sample. Bone. 2003;33(3):317-329
26. Sievanen H, Heinonen A, Kannus P. Adaptation of bone to altered loading environment: a biomechanical approach using x-ray absorptiometric data from the patella of a young woman. Bone. 1996;19(1):55-59
27. Snow-Harter C, Bouxsein M, Lewis B, Charette S, Weinstein P, Marcus R. Muscle strength as a predictor of bone mineral density in young women. J Bone Miner Res. 1990;5(6):589-595
28. Snow-Harter C, Whalen R, Myburgh K, Arnaud S, Marcus R. Bone mineral density, muscle strength, and recreational exercise in men. J Bone Miner Res. 1992;7(11):1291-1296
29. Taaffe DR, Snow-Harter C, Connolly DA, Robinson TL, Brown MD, Marcus R. Differential effects of swimming versus weight-bearing activity on bone mineral status of eumenorrheic athletes. J Bone Miner Res. 1995;10(4):586-593
30. Turner CH, Akhter MP, Raab DM, Kimmel DB, Recker RR. A noninvasive, in vivo model for studying strain adaptive bone modeling. Bone. 1991;12(2):73-79
31. Turner CH, Owan I, Takano Y. Mechanotransduction in bone: role of strain rate. Am J Physiol. 1995;269(3 Pt 1):E438-42.
32. Videman T, Levalahti E, Battie MC, Simonen R, Vanninen E, Kaprio J. Heritability of BMD of femoral neck and lumbar spine: a multivariate twin study of Finnish men. J Bone Miner Res. 2007; 22(9):1455-1462
33. Warner SE, Sanford DA, Becker BA, Bain SD, Srinivasan S, Gross TS. Botox induced muscle paralysis rapidly degrades bone. Bone. 2006;38(2):257-264
34. Weeks BK, Young CM, Beck BR. Eight months of regular in-school jumping improves indices of bone strength in adolescent boys and girls: the POWER PE study. J Bone Miner Res. 2008; 23(7):1002-1011
35. Yoshikawa T, Mori S, Santiesteban AJ, et al. The effects of muscle fatigue on bone strain. J Exp Biol. 1994;188:217-233