Restoration ecology and invasive plants in the semiarid west

Invasive Plant Science and Management

Volumn 1, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 399-413

  Brown, Cynthia S ^a   Anderson, Val J ^a   Claassen, Victor P ^b   Stannard, Mark E ^c   Wilson, Linda M ^a,d   Atkinson, Sheryl Y ^a,e   Bromberg, James E ^a   Grant III, Thomas A ^a   Munis, Marques D ^a  

^a Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery   (United States)

^b BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d U S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE   (United States)

^e ANIMAL HEALTH CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Assisted succession; Community assembly; Ecosystem processes; Rehabilitation; Remediation; Revegetation; Succession; Succession management

Indexed keywords

EID: 70350097394     PISSN: 19397291     EISSN: 1939747X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1614/IPSM-08-082.1     Document Type: Review

References (106)

1. Allen, E. B. 1995. Restoration ecology: limits and possibilities in arid and semiarid lands. Pages 7-15 in B. A. Roundy, D. E. McArthur, J. S. Haley, and D. K. Mann, compilers. 1995. Proceedings - Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium. Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service Intermountain Research Station Gen. Tech. Rep. INTGTR-315.
2. Allen, E. B. and M. F. Allen. 1984. Competition between plants of different successional stages: mycorrhizae as regulators. Can. J. Bot. 62:62-2625.
3. Allen, E. B. and M. F. Allen. 1988. Facilitation of succession by the nonmycotrophic colonizer Salsola kali (Chenopodiaceae) on a harsh site: effects of mycorrhizal fungi. Am. J. Bot. 75:75-257.
4. Allen, E. B., J. S. Brown, and M. F. Allen. 2001. Restoration of plant, animal and microbial diversity. Encyclopedia Biodivers. 5:5-185.
5. Ambrose, L. G. and S. D. Wilson. 2003. Emergence of the introduced grass Agropyron cristatum and the native grass Bouteloua gracilis in a mixed-grass prairie restoration. Rest. Ecol. 11:11-110.
6. Baer, S. G., D. J. Kitchen, J. M. Blair, and C. W. Rice. 2002. Changes in ecosystem structure and function along a chronosequence of restored grasslands. Ecol. Appl. 12:12-1688.
7. Bakker, J. D. and S. D. Wilson. 2004. Using ecological restoration to constrain biological invasion. J. Appl. Ecol. 41:41-1058.
8. Bazzaz, F. A. 1996. Plants in Changing Environments: Linking Physiological, Population, and Community Ecology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 320 p.
9. Belnap, J. and S. L. Philips. 2001. Soil biota in an ungrazed grassland: response to annual grass (Bromus tectorum) invasion. Ecol. Appl. 11: 1261-1275.
10. Booth, D. T. and K. P. Vogel. 2006. Revegetation priorities. Rangelands 28:28-24.
11. Borman, M. M., D. E. Johnson, and W. C. Krueger. 1992. Soil- moisture extraction by vegetation in a Mediterranean maritime climatic regime. Agron. J. 84:84-897.
12. Bradshaw, A. D. 1997. What do we mean by restoration? Pages 8-14 in K. M. Urbanska, N. R. Webb, and P. J. Edwards, eds. Restoration Ecology and Sustainable Development. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
13. Briske, D. D., S. D. Fuhlendorf, and F. E. Smeins. 2006. A unified framework for assessment and application of ecological thresholds. Rangeland Ecol. Manag. 59:59-225.
14. Brown, C. 2004. Are functional guilds more realistic management units than individual species for restoration? Weed Technol. 18: 1566-1571.
15. Brown, H. E. and J. R. Thompson. 1965. Summer water use by aspen, spruce, and western Colorado. J. For. 63:63-756.
16. Bugg, R. L., C. S. Brown, and J. H. Anderson. 1997. Restoring native perennial grasses to rural roadsides in the Sacramento Valley of California: establishment and evaluation. Restor. Ecol. 5:5-214.
17. Cable, D. R. 1977. Seasonal use of soil water by mature velvet mesquite. J. Range Manag. 30:30-4.
18. Cline, J. F., D. W. Uresk, and W. H. Rickard. 1977. Comparison of soil water used by a sagebrush-bunchgrass and a cheatgrass community. J. Range Manag. 30:30-199.
19. Corbin, J. D. and C. M. D'Antonio. 2004. Can carbon addition increase competitiveness of native grasses? A case study from California. Restor. Ecol. 12:12-36.
20. Cox, R. D. and V. J. Anderson. 2004. Increasing native diversity of cheatgrass-dominated rangeland through assisted succession. J. Range Manag. 57:57-203.
21. D'Antonio, C. and L. A. Meyerson. 2002. Exotic plant species as problems and solutions in ecological restoration: a synthesis. Restor. Ecol. 10:10-703.
22. D'Antonio, C. M. and P. M. Vitousek. 1992. Biological invasions by exotic grasses, the grass/fire cycle, and global change. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 23:23-63.
23. Davies, K. W., M. L. Pokorny, R. L. Sheley, and J. J. James. 2007. Influence of plant functional group removal on inorganic soil nitrogen concentrations in native grasslands. Rangeland Ecol. Manage. 60:60-304.
24. Davis, M. A. and K. Thompson. 2000. Eight ways to be a colonizer; two ways to be an invader: a proposed nomenclature scheme for invasion ecology. Bull. Ecol. 81:81-226.
25. Davison, J. and E. Smith. 2005. Living with fire, crested wheatgrass: hero or villain in reclaiming disturbed rangelands. University of Nevada Cooperative Extension Fact Sheet 96-53. 4 p.
26. Dobson, A. P., A. D. Bradshaw, and A. J. M. Baker. 1997. Hopes for the future: restoration ecology and conservation biology. Science 277: 515-522.
27. Dodd, M. B., W. K. Lauenroth, and J. M. Welker. 1998. Differential water resource use by herbaceous and woody plant life-forms in a shortgrass steppe community. Oecologia 117:117-504.
28. Dukes, J. S. 2001. Biodiversity and invasibility in grassland microcosms. Oecologia 126:126-563.
29. Dyer, A. R., H. C. Fossum, and J. W. Menke. 1996. Emergence and survival of Nassella pulchra in a California grassland. Madroño 43: 316-333.
30. Dyer, A. R. and K. J. Rice. 1999. Effects of competition on resource availability and growth of a California bunchgrass. Ecology 80: 2697-2710.
31. Ellstrand, N. C. and K. A. Schierenbeck. 2000. Hybridization as a stimulus for the evolution of invasiveness in plants? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97:97-7043.
32. Enloe, S. F., J. M. DiTomaso, S. B. Orloff, and D. J. Drake. 2004. Soil water dynamics differ among rangeland plant communities dominated by yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), annual grasses, or perennial grasses. Weed Sci. 52:52-929.
33. Fargione, J., C. S. Brown, and D. Tilman. 2003. Community assembly and invasion: an experimental test of neutral versus niche processes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U. S. A. 100:100-8916.
34. Floyd, M. L., D. Hanna, W. H. Romme, and T. E. Crews. 2006. Predicting and mitigating weed invasions to restore natural post-fire succession in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, USA. Int. J. Wildland Fire 15:15-247.
35. Hansen, M. J. and S. D. Wilson. 2006. Is management of an invasive grass Agropyron cristatum contingent on environmental variation? J. Appl. Ecol. 43:43-269.
36. Harris, G. A. 1967. Some competitive relationships between Agropyron spicatum and Bromus tectorum. Ecol. Monogr. 37:37-89.
37. Hawkes, C. V., J. Belnap, C. D'Antonio, and M. K. Firestone. 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhizal assemblages in native plant roots change in the presence of invasive exotic grasses. Plant Soil 281:281-369.
38. Hawkes, C. V., I. V. Wren, D. J. Herman, and M. K. Firestone. 2005. Plant invasion alters nitrogen cycling by modifying the soil nitrifying community. Ecol. Lett. 8:8-976.
39. Holmes, T. H. and K. J. Rice. 1996. Patterns of growth and soil-water utilization in some exotic annuals and native perennial bunchgrasses of California. Ann. Bot. 78:78-233.
40. Hooper, D. U. and P. M. Vitousek. 1998. Effects of plant composition and diversity on nutrient cycling. Ecol. Monogr. 68:68-121.
41. Hufford, K. M. and S. J. Mazer. 2003. Plant ecotypes: genetic differentiation in the age of ecological restoration. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18:18-147.
42. Humphrey, L. D. and E. W. Schupp. 2002. Seedling survival from locally and commercially obtained seeds on two semiarid sites. Restor. Ecol. 10:10-88.
43. Inouye, R. S. 2006. Effects of shrub removal and nitrogen addition on soil moisture in sagebrush steppe. J. Arid Environ. 65:65-604.
44. Jones, T. A. 1998. Viewpoint: the present status and future prospects of squirreltail research. J. Range Manag. 51:51-326.
45. Jones, T. A. and D. A. Johnson. 1998. Integrating genetic concepts into planning rangeland seedings. J. Range Manag. 51:51-594.
46. Kardol, P., T. M. Bezemer, and W. H. van der Putten. 2006. Temporal variation in plant-soil feedback controls succession. Ecol. Lett. 9: 1080-1088.
47. Keddy, P. A. 1992. Assembly and response rules - two goals for predictive community ecology. J. Veg. Sci. 3:3-157.
48. Keeley, J. E., M. Baer-Keeley, and C. J. Fotheringham. 2005. Alien plant dynamics following fire in Mediterranean-climate California shrublands. Ecol. Appl. 15:15-2109.
49. Keeley, J. E., C. J. Fotheringham, and M. Baer-Keeley. 2006. Demographic patterns of postfire regeneration in Mediterranean- climate shrublands of California. Ecol. Monogr. 76:76-235.
50. Knapp, E. E. and K. J. Rice. 1994. Starting from seed: genetic issues in using native grasses for restoration. Restor. Manag. Notes 12:12-40.
51. Knapp, E. E. and K. J. Rice. 1996. Genetic structure and gene flow in Elymus glaucus (blue wildrye): implications for native grassland restoration. Restor. Ecol. 4:4-1.
52. Kourtev, P. S., J. G. Ehrenfeld, and M. Haggblom. 2003. Experimental analysis of the effect of exotic and native plant species on the structure and function of soil microbial communities. Soil Biol. Biochem. 35: 895-905.
53. Kulmatiski, A., K. H. Beard, and J. M. Stark. 2006. Exotic plant communities shift water-use timing in a shrub-steppe ecosystem. Plant Soil 288:288-271.
54. Lesica, P. and F. W. Allendorf. 1999. Ecological genetics and restoration of plant communities: mix or match? Restor. Ecol. 7:7-42.
55. Lesica, P. and T. H. DeLuca. 1996. Long-term harmful effects of crested wheatgrass on Great Plains grassland ecosystems. J. Soil Water Conserv. 51:51-408.
56. Lewis, D. J., M. J. Singer, R. A. Dahlgren, and K. W. Tate. 2006. Nitrate and sediment fluxes from a California rangeland watershed. J. Environ. Qual. 35:35-2202.
57. Ley, R. E. and C. M. D'Antonio. 1998. Exotic grass invasion alters potential rates of N fixation in Hawaiian woodlands. Oecologia 113: 179-187.
58. Luken, J. O. 1990. Directing Ecological Succession. London: Chapman and Hall. pp. 1-18.
59. Mack, R. N., D. Simberloff, W. M. Lonsdale, H. Evans, M. Clout, and F. A. Bazzaz. 2000. Biotic invasions: causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control. Ecol. Appl. 10:10-689.
60. Mangold, J. and V. Fansler. 2007. Increasing native plant diversity in crested wheatgrass stands. Page 5 in Proceedings of the Society for Ecological Restoration, Northwest Conference. Yakima, WA: Society for Ecological Restoration.
61. Masters, R. A. and S. J. Nissen. 1997. Revegetating leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula)-infested rangeland with native tallgrasses. Weed Technol. 12:12-381.
62. McLendon, T. and E. F. Redente. 1992. Effects of nitrogen limitation on species replacement dynamics during early succession on a semiarid sagebrush site. Oecologia. 91:91-312.
63. Millar, C. I. and W. J. Libby. 1989. Disneyland or native ecosystem: genetics and the restorationist. Restor. Manag. Notes 7:7-18.
64. Monson, S. B., E. D. McArthur. 1995. Implications of early intermountain range and watershed restoration practices. Pages 16-25 in B. A. Roundy, D. E. McArthur, J. S. Haley, and D. K. Mann, compilers. 1995. Proceedings - Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium. Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service Inter- mountain Research Station. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-315.
65. Norton, J. B., T. A. Monaco, J. M. Norton, D. A. Johnson, and T. A. Jones. 2004a. Cheatgrass invasion alters soil morphology and organic matter dynamics in big sagebrush-steppe rangelands. USDA Forest Service Proceedings. RMRS-P-31. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 57-63.
66. Norton, J. B., T. A. Monaco, J. M. Norton, D. A. Johnson, and T. A. Jones. 2004b. Soil morphology and organic matter dynamics under cheatgrass and sagebrush-steppe plant communities. J. Arid Environ. 57:57-445.
67. Paschke, M. W., T. McLendon, and E. F. Redente. 2000. Nitrogen availability and old-field succession in a shortgrass steppe. Ecosystems 3:3-144.
68. Pellant, M. and C. R. Lysne. 2005. Strategies to enhance plant structure diversity in crested wheatgrass seedlings. Pages 64-70 in Proceedings of the USDA Forest Service. RMRS-P-38. Fort Collins, CO: Rocky Mountain Research Station.
69. Pickett, S. T. A., S. L. Collins, and J. J. Armesto. 1987. Models, mechanisms, and pathways of succession. Bot. Rev. 53:53-335.
70. Piemeisel, R. L. 1951. Causes affecting change and rate of change in a vegetation of annuals in Idaho. Ecology 32:32-53.
71. Pokorny, M. L., R. L. Sheley, C. A. Zabinski, R. E. Engel, T. J. Svejcar, and J. J. Borkowski. 2005. Plant functional group diversity as a mechanism for invasion resistance. Restor. Ecol. 13:13-448.
72. Prach, K., P. Pysek, and V. Jarosik. 2007. Climate and pH as determinants of vegetation succession in Central European man-made habitats. J. Veg. Sci. 18:18-701.
73. Pyšek, P. 1995. On the terminology used in plant invasion studies. Pages 71-81 in P. Pyšek, K. Prach, M. Rejmánek, and M. Wade, eds. Pant Invasions - General Aspects and Special Problems. Amssterdam: SPB Academic.
74. Richards, R. T., J. C. Chambers, and C. Ross. 1998. Use of native plants on federal lands: policy and practice. J. Range Manag. 51:51-625.
75. Rogers, D. L. and A. M. Montalvo. 2004. Genetically Appropriate Choices for Plant Materials to Maintain Biological Diversity. Lakewood, CO: University of California Report to the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. 343 p http://www.fs.fed.us.r2/publications/botany/plantgenetics.pdf. Accessed: May 5, 2007.
76. Rowe, H. I., C. S. Brown, and V. P. Claassen. 2007. Comparisons of mycorrhizal responsiveness with field soil and commercial inoculum for six native montane species and Bromus tectorum. Restor. Ecol. 15: 44-52.
77. Sakai, A. K., F. W. Allendorf, and J. S. Holt, et al. (2001). The population biology of invasive species. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 32:32-305.
78. Seabloom, E. W., E. T. Borer, V. L. Boucher, R. S. Burton, K. L. Cottingham, L. Goldwasser, W. K. Gram, B. E. Kendall, and F. Micheli. 2003. Competition, seed limitation, disturbance, and reestablishment of California native annual forbs. Ecol. Appl. 13: 575-592.
79. [SERI] Society for Ecological Restoration International. 2004. The SER International Primer on Ecological Restoration. http://www.ser.org/content/ ecological-restoration-primer.asp. Accessed: June 29, 2007.
80. Sheley, R. L. and M. F. Carpinelli. 2005. Creating weed-resistant plant communities using niche-differentiated nonnative species. Rangeland Ecol. Manag. 58:58-480.
81. Sheley, R. L. and J. Krueger-Mangold. 2003. Principles for restoring invasive plant-infested rangeland. Weed Sci. 51:51-260.
82. Smith, J. L., J. J. Halvorson, and H. Bolton. 1994. Spatial relationships of soil microbial biomass and C and N mineralization in a semi-arid shrub-steppe ecosystem. Soil Biol. Biochem. 26:26-1151.
83. Sperry, L. J., J. Belnap, and R. D. Evans. 2006. Bromus tectorum invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an undisturbed arid grassland ecosystem. Ecology 87:87-603.
84. Stylinski, C. D. and E. B. Allen. 1999. Lack of native species recovery following severe exotic disturbance in southern Californian shrublands. J. Appl. Ecol. 36:36-544.
85. Suding, K. N. and K. L. Gross. 2006. The dynamic nature of ecological systems: multiple states and restoration trajectories. Pages 190-209 in D. A. Falk, M. A. Palmer, and J. B. Zedler, eds. Foundations of Restoration Ecology. Washington, DC: Island.
86. Tausch, R. J., J. C. Chambers, R. R. Blank, and R. S. Novak. 1995. Differential establishment of perennial grass and cheatgrass following fire on an ungrazed sagebrush-juniper site. Pages 252-257 in B. A. Roundy, D. E. McArthur, J. S. Haley, and D. K. Mann, compilers. 1995. Proceedings - Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium. Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service Intermountain Research Station Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-315.
87. Temperton, V. M., R. J. Hobbs, T. Nuttle, and S. Halle. 2004. Assembly Rules and Restoration Ecology: Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practice. 1st ed. Washington, DC: Island.
88. Thompson, T.W., B.A. Roundy, D.E. McArthur, B.D. Jessop, B.L. Waldron, and J. N. Davis. 2002. Fire rehabilitation using native and introduced species: a landscape trial. Rangeland Ecol. Manag. 59:59-237.
89. Vitousek, P. M., L. R. Walker, L. D. Whiteaker, D. Mueller-Dombois, and P. A. Matson. 1987. Biological invasion by Myrica faya alters ecosystem development in Hawaii. Science 238:238-802.
90. Waldron, B. L., T. A. Monaco, K. B. Jensen, R. D. Harrison, A. J. Palazzo, and J. D. Kulbeth. 2005. Coexistence of native and introduced perennial grasses following simultaneous seeding. Agron. J. 97:97-990.
91. Walker, L. R. and R. del Moral. 2003. Primary Succession and Ecosystem Rehabilitation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
92. Walker, L. R., J. Walker, and R. J. Hobbs. 2007. Linking Restoration and Ecological Succession. New York: Springer Sciences and Business Media. 190 p.
93. Washington State Department of Agriculture, Seed Branch. 2005. 2005 Acres Applied for Certification. J. Little and V. Shauler, compilers. p. 1
94. Weiss, S. B. 1999. Cars, cows, and checkerspot butterflies: nitrogen deposition and management of nutrient-poor grasslands for a threatened species. Conserv Biol 13:13-1476.
95. Westerling, A. L., H. G. Hidalgo, D. R. Cayan, and T. W. Swetnam. 2006. Warming and earlier spring increase western US forest wildfire activity. Science 313:313-940.
96. Whisenant, S. G. 1990. Postfire population dynamics of Bromus japonicus. Am. Midl. Nat. 123:123-301.
97. Whisenant, S. G. 1999. Repairing Damaged Wildlands: A Process-Oriented Landscape-Scale Approach. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
98. Wilson, G. W. T. and D. C. Hartnett. 1998. Interspecific variation in plant responses to mycorrhizal colonization in tallgrass prairie. Am. J. Bot. 85:85-1732.
99. Wilson, M. V., C. A. Ingersoll, M. G. Wilson, and F. L. Clark. 2004. Why pest plant control and native plant establishment failed: a restoration autopsy. Nat. Areas J. 24:24-23.
100. Young, J. A., R. R. Blank, and W. S. Longland. 1995. Nitrogen enrichment-immobilization to control succession in arid land plant communities. J. Arid Land Stud. 5S:57-60.
101. Young, J. A., J. D. Trent, R. R. Blank, and D. E. Palmquist. 1998. Nitrogen interactions with medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae ssp. asperum) seedbanks. Weed Sci. 46:46-191.
102. Young, S. A., B. Schrumpf, and E. Amberson. 2003. The AOSCA Native Plant Connection. http://www.aosca.org/aoscanativeplantbrochure.pdf. Accessed: March 27, 2008.
103. Young, S. L., J. N. Barney, G. B. Kyser, T. S. Jones, and J. M. DiTomaso. 2008. Comparing functional diversity and functional similarity to Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) for resistance to invasion. Restor. Ecol. In press.
104. Young, S. L. and V. P. Claassen. 2008. Release of roadside native perennial grasses following removal of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis). Restor. Ecol. In press.
105. Zink, T.A. and M.F. Allen. 1998. The effects of organic amendments on the restoration of a disturbed coastal sage scrub habitat. Restor. Ecol. 6:6-52.
106. Zobel, M., E. van der Maarel, and C. Dupre. 1998. Species pool: the concept its determination and significance for community restoration. Appl. Veg. Sci. 1:1-55.