Quantification and statistical modeling - Part II: Dermal concentrations of monomeric and polymeric 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate

Annals of Occupational Hygiene

Volumn 53, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 691-702

  Fent, Kenneth W ^a   Trelles Gaines, Linda G ^a   Thomasen, Jennifer M ^a   Flack, Sheila L ^a   Ding, Kai ^b   Herring, Amy H ^b   Whittaker, Stephen G ^c   Nylander French, Leena A ^a  

^a University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill   (United States)

^b University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill   (United States)

^c WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND INDUSTRIES   (United States)

Author keywords

Dermal exposure; Exposure determinants; Hexamethylene diisocyanate; Isocyanate; Statistical modeling

Indexed keywords

DERMAL EXPOSURE; EXPOSURE DETERMINANTS; HEXAMETHYLENE DIISOCYANATE; ISOCYANATE; STATISTICAL MODELING;

CYCLOHEXANE; GRANULAR MATERIALS; NONVOLATILE STORAGE; ORGANIC POLYMERS; PAINT; POLYMERS; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; SKIN;

CONCENTRATION (PROCESS);

BIURET; CYCLOHEXANE DERIVATIVE; HEXAMETHYLENE DIISOCYANATE; ISOCYANIC ACID DERIVATIVE; ISOCYANURIC ACID; PAINT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; URETIDONE;

AEROSOL; ARTICLE; AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY; BREATHING; BREATHING ZONE CONCENTRATION; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); GLOVE; HUMAN; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PAINTER; PAINTING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; SAMPLING; SKIN; STATISTICAL MODEL; UNITED STATES; WORKING TIME; WORKPLACE;

AIR POLLUTANTS, OCCUPATIONAL; CYANATES; FILTRATION; HUMANS; NORTH CAROLINA; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PAINT; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; RISK ASSESSMENT; SKIN; SKIN ABSORPTION; TRIAZINES; WASHINGTON;

EID: 70350070888     PISSN: 00034878     EISSN: 14753162     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mep048     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Bello D, Redlich CA, Stowe MH et al. (2008) Skin exposure to aliphatic polyisocyanates in the auto body repair and refinishing industry: II. A quantitative assessment. Ann Occup Hyg; 52: 117-124
2. Bello D, Smith TJ,Woskie SR et al. (2006) An FTIR investigation of isocyanate skin absorption using in vitro guinea pig skin. J Environ Monit; 8: 523-529
3. Bernstein JA. (1996) Overview of diisocyanate occupational asthma. Toxicology; 111: 181-189
4. Brouwer DH, Semple S, Marquart J et al. (2001) A dermal model for spray painters. Part I: subjective exposure modelling of spray paint deposition. Ann Occup Hyg; 45: 15-23. (Pubitemid 32011224)
5. Chan-Yeung M, Malo JL. (1995) Occupational asthma. N Engl J Med; 333: 107-112
6. Deitch EA. (2008) Burn management. In: Irwin RS and Rippe JM, editors. Irwin and Rippe's intensive care medicine. 6th edn edn. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; pp. 1930-1938
7. Donnelly R, Buick JB, Macmahon J. (2004) Occupational asthma after exposure to plaster casts containing methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. Occup Med (Lond); 54: 432-434
8. Fent KW, Jayaraj K, Ball LM et al. (2008) Quantitative monitoring of dermal and inhalation exposure to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate monomer and oligomers. J Environ Monit; 10: 500-507
9. Fent KW, Trelles Gaines LG, Thomasen J et al. (2009) Quantification and statistical modeling-Part I: breathingzone concentrations of monomeric and polymeric 1,6- hexamethylene diisocyanate. Ann Occup Hyg;.
10. Flynn MR, Gatano BL, McKernan JL et al. (1999) Modeling breathing-zone concentrations of airborne contaminants generated during compressed air spray painting. Ann Occup Hyg; 43: 67-76.
11. George K, Kubota K, Twizell EH. (2004) A two-dimensional mathematical model of percutaneous drug absorption. Biomed Eng Online; 3: 18.
12. Haycock GB, Schwartz GJ, Wisotsky DH. (1978) Geometric method for measuring body surface area: a height-weight formula validated in infants, children, and adults. J Pediatr; 93: 62-66
13. Herrick CA, Xu L, Wisnewski AVet al. (2002) A novel mouse model of diisocyanate-induced asthma showing allergic-type inflammation in the lung after inhaled antigen challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol; 109: 873-878
14. Janko M, McCarthy K, Fajer M et al. (1992) Occupational exposure to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate-based polyisocyanates in the state of Oregon, 1980-1990. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J; 53: 331-338
15. Karol MH, Hauth BA, Riley EJ et al. (1981) Dermal contact with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) produces respiratory tract hypersensitivity in guinea pigs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol; 58: 221-230
16. Kubota K, Ishizaki T. (1986) A diffusion-diffusion model for percutaneous drug absorption. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm; 14: 409-439 (Pubitemid 16032077)
17. Laird NM, Ware JH. (1982) Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics; 38: 963-974
18. Lesage J, Goyer N, Desjardins F et al. (1992) Workers' exposure to isocyanates. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J; 53: 146-153
19. Liu Y, Bello D, Sparer JA et al. (2007) Skin exposure to aliphatic polyisocyanates in the auto body repair and refinishing industry: a qualitative assessment. Ann Occup Hyg; 51: 429-439
20. Liu Y, Sparer J,Woskie SR et al. (2000) Qualitative assessment of isocyanate skin exposure in auto body shops: a pilot study. Am J Ind Med; 37: 265-274
21. Lubin JH, Colt JS, Camann D et al. (2004) Epidemiologic evaluation of measurement data in the presence of detection limits. Environ Health Perspect; 112: 1691-1696
22. Pauluhn J, Lewalter J. (2002) Analysis of markers of exposure to polymeric methylene-diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) in rats: a comparison of dermal and inhalation routes of exposure. Exp Toxicol Pathol; 54: 135-146
23. Petsonk EL, Wang ML, Lewis DM et al. (2000) Asthma-like symptoms in wood product plant workers exposed to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. Chest; 118: 1183-1193
24. Pronk A, Tielemans E, Skarping G et al. (2006a) Inhalation exposure to isocyanates of car body repair shop workers and industrial spray painters. Ann Occup Hyg; 50: 1-14.
25. Pronk A, Yu F, Vlaanderen J et al. (2006b) Dermal, inhalation, and internal exposure to 1,6-HDI and its oligomers in car body repair shop workers and industrial spray painters. Occup Environ Med; 63: 624-631
26. Rattray NJ, Botham PA, Hext PM et al. (1994) Induction of respiratory hypersensitivity to diphenylmethane-4,49- diisocyanate (MDI) in guinea pigs. Influence of route of exposure. Toxicology; 88: 15-30.
27. Reddy MB, McCarley KD, Bunge AL. (1998) Physiologically relevant one-compartment pharmacokinetic models for skin. 2. Comparison of models when combined with a systemic pharmacokinetic model. J Pharm Sci; 87: 482-490
28. Redlich CA, Herrick CA. (2008) Lung/skin connections in occupational lung disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol; 8: 115-119
29. Rougier A, Lotte C, Maibach HI. (1987) In vivo percutaneous penetration of some organic compounds related to anatomic site in humans: predictive assessment by the stripping method. J Pharm Sci; 76: 451-454 (Pubitemid 17118283)
30. Rudzinski WE, Dahlquist B, Svejda SA et al. (1995) Sampling and analysis of isocyanates in spray-painting operations. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J; 56: 284-289
31. Sparer J, Stowe MH, Bello D et al. (2004) Isocyanate exposures in autobody shop work: the SPRAY study. J Occup Environ Hyg; 1: 570-581
32. Tojo K. (1987) Random brick model for drug transport across stratum corneum. J Pharm Sci; 76: 889-891
33. U.S. EPA. (1997) Exposure factors handbook. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available at http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/index. cfm. Accessed June 2009.
34. Vandenplas O, Cartier A, Lesage J et al. (1992) Occupational asthma caused by a prepolymer but not the monomer of toluene diisocyanate (TDI). J Allergy Clin Immunol; 89: 1183-1188
35. Vandenplas O, Cartier A, Lesage J et al. (1993) Prepolymers of hexamethylene diisocyanate as a cause of occupational asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol; 91: 850-861
36. van der Molen RG, Spies F, van't Noordende JM et al. (1997) Tape stripping of human stratum corneum yields cell layers that originate from various depths because of furrows in the skin. Arch Dermatol Res; 289: 514-518
37. Vonesh EF, Chinchilli VM. (1997) Linear and nonlinear models for the analysis of repeated measurements. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker.
38. Zartarian V, Bahadori T, McKone T. (2005) Adoption of an official ISEA glossary. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol; 15: 1-5.