Injection in the lower stratosphere of biomass fire emissions followed by long-range transport: A MOZAIC case study

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 9, Issue 15, 2009, Pages 5829-5846

  Caminas, J P ^a   Brioude, J ^b   Chaboureau, J P ^a   Duron, J ^a   Mari, C ^a   Mascart, P ^a   Nedelec P ^a   Smit, H ^c   Patz H W ^c   Volz Thomas, A ^c   Stohl, A ^d   Fromm, M ^e  

^a LABORATOIRE D AÉROLOGIE   (France)

^b NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^c FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH   (Germany)

^d NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR AIR RESEARCH   (Norway)

^e NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIRBORNE SURVEY; ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; BACKSCATTER; BIOMASS BURNING; BOUNDARY LAYER; CARBON MONOXIDE; EMISSION; FOREST FIRE; LIDAR; LONG RANGE TRANSPORT; MOZAIC PROGRAM; NITROGEN OXIDES; NUMERICAL MODEL; OZONE; STRATOSPHERE; TROPOPAUSE; VERTICAL PROFILE; WATER VAPOR;

ALASKA; ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (EAST); CANADA; NORTHWEST TERRITORIES; UNITED STATES; YUKON TERRITORY;

EID: 70350051913     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-9-5829-2009     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Bechtold, P., Bazile, E., Guichard, F., Mascart P. and Richard, E.: A Mass flux convection scheme for regional, and global models. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc, 127, 869-886, 2001.
2. Bertschi, I. T. and Jaffe, D. A.: Long-range transport of ozone, carbon monoxide, and aerosols to the NE Pacific troposphere during the summer of 2003: Observations of smoke plume from Asian boreal, fires, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D05303, doi:10.1029/2004JD005135, 2005.
3. Bougeault, R and Lacarrére, R: Parameterization of orographic induced turbulence in a mesobetascale model, Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 1872-1890, 1989.
4. Brioude, J., Cammas, J.-P., Cooper, O. R., Nédélec, P.: Characterization of the composition, structure, and seasonal variation of the mixing layer above the extratropical tropopause as revealed by MOZAIC measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 113, DOOBOl, doi: 10.1029/2007 JD009184, 2008.
5. Chaboureau, J.-R, Cammas, J.-R, Mascart, P., Pinty, J.-R, Claud, C, Roca, R., and Morcrette, J.-J.: Evaluation of a cloud system life-cycle simulated by Meso-NH during FASTEX using METEOS AT radiances and TOVS-3I cloud retrievals, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc, 126, 1735-1750, 2000. (Pubitemid 30620899)
6. Chaboureau, J.-R, Cammas, J.-R, Mascart, R, Pinty, J.-R, and Lafore, J.-R: Mesoscale model cloud, scheme assessment using satellite observations, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D 16), 4301, doi:10.1029/2001JD000714, 2002.
7. Chaboureau, J.-R, and Pinty, J.-R: Validation of a cirrus parameterization with Meteosat Second Generation observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L03815, doi:10.1029/2005GL024725, 2006.
8. 4, and TNMHC from a dense jack pine boreal forest fire, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(21), 3919-3922, doi:10.1029/1998GL900042, 1998.
9. Cooper, O., Stohl, A., Eckhardt, S., Parrish, D. D., Oltmans, S. J., Johnson, B. J., Nédélec, R, Schmidlin, R J., Newchurch, M. J., Kondo, Y, and Kazayuki, K.: A springtime comparison of tropospheric ozone and transport pathways on the east and west coasts of the United States. J. Geophys. Res. 110, D05S90, doi:10.1029/2004JD005183, 2005.
10. Crutzen, R J. and. Andreae, M. O.: Biomass burning in the tropics: Impact on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles, Science, 250, 1669-1678, 1990.
11. Cuxart, J., Bougeault, R, and Redelsperger, J.-L.: A turbulence scheme allowing for mesoscale and large-eddy simulations, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc, 126,1-30, 2000 (Pubitemid 30178324)
12. Damoah, R., Spichtinger, N., James, P, Servranckx, R., Fromm, M., Eloranta, E. W., Razenkov,I.A., James, R, Shulski, M., Forster, C, and Stohl, A.: A case study of pyro-convection using transport model and remote sensing data. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 173-185, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/. 173/2006/.
13. Deardorff, J. W.: Three-dimensional numerical study of turbulence in an entraining mixed layer, Bound. Layer. Meteorol., 7, 199-216, 1974.
14. Eloranta, E. W.: High Spectral Resolution Lidar in Lidar: RangeResolved Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, edited by: Weitkamp, K., Springer Series in Optical Sciences, Springer Verlag, New York, USA, 143-163, 2005.
15. Forster, C, Wandinger, U., Wotawa, G., James, R, Mattis, I., Althausen, D., Simmonds, R, ODoherty, S., Jennings, S. G., Kleefeld, C, Schneider, J., Trickl, T, Kreipl, S., Jäger, H., and Stohl, A.: Transport of boreal forest fire emissions from Canada to Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D19), 22887-22906, 2001.
16. Fromm, M., Alfred, J., Hoppel, K., Harnstein, J., Bevilacka, R., Shettle, E., Servranckx, R., Li, Z., and Stocks, B.: Observation of boreal forest fire smoke in the stratosphere by POAM III, SAGE U, and lidar in 1998. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1407-1410, 2000. (Pubitemid 30853834)
17. Fromm, M. D. and Servranckx, R.: Transport of forest fire smoke above the tropopause by supercell convection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(10), 1542, doi:10.1029/2002GL016820, 2003.
18. Fromm, M., Belavicqua, R., Servranckx, R., Rosen, J., Thayer, J. R, Herman, J. and Larko, D.: Pyro-cumulonimbus injection of smoke to the stratosphere: observations and impact of a super blowup in northwestern Canada on 3-4 August 1998, J. Geophys. Res, 110, D08205, doi:10.1029/2004JD005350, 2005.
19. x emissions on ozone in the eastern United States: Proof of concept, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12306, doi:10.1029/2005JD006354, 2006.
20. 3H], J. Geophys. Res., 105(D17), 2214722166, doi:10.1029/2000JD900287, 2000.
21. Gregory, D., Morcrette, J.-J., Jakob, C, Beljaars, A. M., and Stockdale, T: Revision of convection, radiation and cloud schemes in the ECMWF model, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc, 126, 1685-1710, 2000.
22. Helten M., Smit, H., Strater, W, Kley, D., Nédélec, R, Zoger, M., and Busen, R.: Calibration and performance of automatic compact instrumentation for the measurement of relative humidity from passenger aircraft, J. Geophys. Res., .103, 25643-25652, 1998.
23. Helten M., Smit, H.G.J., Kley, D., Ovarlez, J., Schlager, H., Baumann, R., Schumann, U., Nédélec, P, andMarenco, A.: In-Flight Intercomparison of MOZAIC and POLINAT Water Vapor Measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D21), 26087-26096, 1999.
24. 3 correlation from, in situ measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D5), 4044, doi:10.1029/2000JD000289, 2002.
25. Iacobellis, S., Frouin, R., and Somerville, R.: Direct climate forcing by biomass-burning aerosols: Impact of correlations between controlling variables, J. Geophys. Res., 104(DlO), 12031-12045, 1999.
26. Jaffe, D. A., Bertschi, I., Jaeglé, L., Novelli, R, Reid, J. S., Tanimoto, H., Vingarzan, R. and Westphal, D.: Long-range transport of Siberian biomass burning emissions and impact on surface ozone in western North America, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L16106, doi:10.1029/2004GL020093, 2004.
27. Jost, H.-J., Drdla, K., Stohl, A., et al.: In-situ observations of midlatitude forest fire plumes deep in the stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett, 31, L1110l, doi:10.1029/2003GL019253, 2004.
28. Lafore, J. P., Stein, J., Asencio, N., Bougeault, P., Ducrocq, V., Duron, J., Fischer, C, Hereil, P., Mascart, P., Pinty, J. P., Redelsperger, J. L., Richard, E. and Vila-Guerau de Arellano, J.: The Meso-NH Atmospheric Simulation System. Part I: Adiabatic formulation and control simulations, Ann. Geophys., 16,90-109, 1998, http://www.ann-geophys.net/16/90/1998/. (Pubitemid 128012661)
29. Lavoué, D., Liousse, C, Cachier, H., Stocks, B. J., and Goldammer, J. G.: Modeling of carbonaceous particles emitted by boreal and temperate wildfires at northern latitudes, J. Geophys.Res., 105, 26871-26890, 2000. (Pubitemid 32103229)
30. Luderer, G., TrentmannJ., Winterrath, T, Textor,C, Herzog.M., Graf.H.R, and Andreae.M.O.: Modeling of biomass smoke injection into the lower stratosphere by a large forest fire (PartII): sensitivity studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 526.1-5277, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/5261/2006/. (Pubitemid 44777169)
31. Luderer,G., TrentmannJ., Hungershfer,K., Herzog,M., Fromm.M., and Andreae,M.O.: Small-scale mixing processes enhanc- ing troposphere-to- stratosphere transport by pyro-cumulonimbus storms, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5945-5957, 2007, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/5945/2007/. (Pubitemid 350231623)
32. Marenco, A., Thouret, V, Nédélec, P., Smit, H., Helten, M., Kley, D., Karcher, F., Simon, P., Law, K., PyIe, J., Poschmann, G., Von Wrede, R., Hume C. and Cook T: Measurement of ozone and water vapour by Airbus in-service aircraft: the MOZAIC airborne program, An overview, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25631-25642, 1998.
33. Mlawer, E. J., Taubman, S. J., Brown, P. D., Iacono, M. J., and. Clough, S. A.: Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated corrolated-k model for the longwave, J. Geophys. Res., 102D, 16663-16682, 1997.
34. Murphy, D. M. and Fahey, D. W.: An estimate of the flux of stratospheric reactive nitrogen and ozone into the troposphere. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 5325-5332,1994.
35. Nédélec, P., Cammas, J. P., Thouret V, Athier, G., Cousin, J. M., Legrand, C, Abonnel, C, Lecoeur, F., Cayez, G. and Marizy, C: An improved infra-red carbon monoxide analyser for routine measurements aboard commercial Airbus aircraft: Technical validation and. first scientific results of the MOZAIC program, Atmos. Chem.. Phys., 3, 1551-1564, 2003, http://www.atmos-chem- phys.net/3/1551/2003/.
36. Nédélec P., Thouret, V., Brioude, J., Sauvage, B., Cammas, J.R, and Stohl. A.: Extreme CO concentrations in the upper troposphere over North-East Asia in June 2003 from the insitu MOZAIC aircraft data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L14807, doi:10.1029/2005GL023141, 2005.
37. Olivier, J. G. J. and Berdowski J. J. M.: Global, emissions sources and sinks, in: The Climate System, edited by: Berdowski, J., Guich.erit, R., and Heij, B. J., 33-78, A.A. Balkema Publishers/Swets Zeitlinger Publishers, Lisse, The Netherlands, ISBN: 90-5809-255-0, 2001.
38. y instruments flown in MOZAIC and SPURT, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2401-2410, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem- phys.net/6/2401/2006/.
39. Petzold,A., Weinzierl,B., Huntrieser,H., Stohl,A., Real,E., Cozic, J., Fiebig,M., Hendricks,J., Lauer,A., Law,K., Roiger,A., Schlager, H., and Weingartner,E.: Perturbation of the European free troposphere aerosol by North American forest fire plumes during the ICARTT-ITOP experiment in summer 2004, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5105-5127,2007, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/5105/ 2007/. (Pubitemid 47549078)
40. Pfister G. G., Emmons, L. K., Hess, P. G., Honrath, R., Lamarque, J.-F., VaI Martin, M., Owen, R. C., Avery, M. A., Browell, E. V., Holloway, J. S., Nédélec, R, Purvis, R., Ryerson, T. B., Sachse, G. W., and Schlager, H., Ozone production from the 2004 North. American boreal fires, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D24S07, doi:10.1029/2006JD007695, 2006.
41. Pinty, J.-P. and Jabouille, P.: A mixed-phase cloud parameterization for use in a mesoscale non-hydrostatic model: simulations of a squall line and of orographic precipitations, in: Proc AMS conference on cloud physics, 17-2.1 August .1998, Everett, WA, USA, 217-220, 1998.
42. Real, E., Law, K. S., Weinzierl, B., Fiebig, M., Petzold, A., Wild, O., Methven, J., Arnold, S., Stohl, A., Huntreiser, H., Roiger, A., Schlager, H., Stewart, D., Avery, M., Sachse, G., Browell, E., Ferrare, R., and Blake, D., Processes influencing ozone levels in Alaskan forest fire plumes during long-range transport over the North Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10S41, doi:10.1029/2006JD007576, 2007.
43. Real, E., Law, K. S., Schlager, H., Roiger, A., Huntrieser, H., Methven, J., Cain, M., Holloway, J., Neuman, J. A., Ryerson T, Flocke, F., de Gouw, J., Atlas, E., Donnelly, S., and Parrish, D., Lagrangian analysis of low altitude anthropogenic plume processing across the North Atlantic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8,7737-7754, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/7737/2008/.
44. Robock, A.: Surface Cooling Due to Forest Fire Smoke, J. Geophys. Res., 96(D11), 20869-20878, 1991.
45. Saunders, R., Matricardi, M., Brunei, P., English, S., Bauer, P., OKeeffe, U., Francis, P., and Rayer, P.: RTTOV-8 Science and validation report, Tech. rep., NWP SAF Report, 41 pp., 2005.
46. Seibert, R and Frank, A.: Source-receptor matrix calculation with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model in backward mode, Atmos. Chem.. Phys. 4, 51-63, 2004.
47. Spichtinger, N., Wenig, M., James, P., Wagner, T, Piatt, U., and Stohl, A.: Satellite detection of a continental-scale plume of nitrogen oxides from boreal, forest fires, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4579-4582,2001.
48. Stohl, A., Spichtinger-Rakowsky, N., Bonasoni, R, Feldmann, H., Memmesheimer, M., Scheel, H. E., Trickl, T, Hübener, S. H., Ringer, W., and Mandl, M.: The influence of stratospheric intrusions on alpine ozone concentrations, Atmos. Environ., 34, 1323-1354, 2000.
49. Stohl, A., Forster, C, Eckhardt, S., et al: A backward modeling study of intercontinental pollution transport using aircraft measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4370, doi:10.1029/2002JD002862, 2003.
50. Stohl, A., Bonasoni, P., Christofanelli, P., et al: Stratospheretroposphere exchange: A review, and what we have learned from. STACCATO, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D12), 8516, doi:10.1029/2002JD002490, 2003.
51. Stohl, A., Forster, C, Frank, A., Seibert, P., and Wotawa, G.: Technical note: The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART version 6.2., Atmos. Chem.. Phys., 5, 2461-2474, 2005, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/2461/2005/. (Pubitemid 41479781)
52. Thouret, V, Marenco, A., Logan, J. A., Nédélec, R, and Grouhel, C: Comparisons of ozone measurements from the MOZAIC airborne program and the ozone sounding network at eight locations, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25695-25720, 1998.
53. Trentmann,J., Luderer,G., Winterrath,T, Fromm,M.D., Servranckx,R., Textor,C, Herzog,M., Graf,H.-F., and Andreae,M.O.: Modeling of biomass smoke injection into the lower stratosphere by a large forest fire (Part I): reference simulation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5247-5260, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys. net/6/5247/2006/. (Pubitemid 44777170)
54. van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T, Giglio, L., Collatz, G. J., Kasibhatla, P S., and Arellano Jr., A. F: Interannual variability in global biomass burning emissions from 1997 to 2004, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3423-3441, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/3423/2006/.
55. y) aboard MOZAIC in-service aircraft: instrument design, operation and performance, Atmos. Chem.. Phys., 5, 583-595, 2005, http://www.atmos-chem- phys.net/5/583/2005/.
56. Waibel, A. E., Fisher, H., Wienhold, F. G., Siegmund, P. C, Lee, B., Ström, J., Lelieveld, L., and Crutzen, P. J.: Highly elevated carbon monoxide concentrations in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere at northern midlatitudes during the STREAM II summer campaign in 1994, Chemosphere, 1(1-3), 233-248,1999.
57. Wotawa G. and Trainer, M.: The influence of Canadian forest fires on pollutant concentrations in the United States, Science, 288, 324-328, 2000. (Pubitemid 30226191)