메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 377-386

Enacting tobacco taxes by direct popular vote in the United States: Lessons from 20 years of experience

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ECONOMICS; HUMAN; LEGAL ASPECT; MANAGEMENT; METHODOLOGY; POLITICS; PUBLIC HEALTH; PUBLIC OPINION; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; TAX; TOBACCO INDUSTRY; UNITED STATES;

EID: 70349847701     PISSN: 09644563     EISSN: 14683318     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/tc.2009.029843     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (132)
  • 1
    • 0030738531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Price, tobacco control policies and smoking among young adults
    • Chaloupka F, Wechsler H. Price, tobacco control policies and smoking among young adults. J Health Econ 1997;16:359-73.
    • (1997) J Health Econ , vol.16 , pp. 359-73
    • Chaloupka, F.1    Wechsler, H.2
  • 2
    • 70349871715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commission on Life Sciences National Research Council. Taking action to reduce tobacco use
    • Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC: National Academy Press
    • Institute of Medicine, Commission on Life Sciences National Research Council. Taking action to reduce tobacco use. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998.
    • (1998)
  • 3
    • 0003393862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing tobacco use: A report of the Surgeon General
    • US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health
    • US Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing tobacco use: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2000. http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/sgr_2000/00_pdfs/FullReport.pdf
    • (2000)
  • 4
    • 70349885525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voters in all states support significant increases in state cigarette taxes
    • Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids. Washington, DC, (accessed 8 October 2009)
    • Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids. Washington, DC. Voters in all states support significant increases in state cigarette taxes, 2008. http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0309.pdf (accessed 8 October 2009).
    • (2008)
  • 5
    • 0036885660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African American leadership groups: Smoking with the enemy
    • Yerger V, Malone R. African American leadership groups: smoking with the enemy. Tob Control 2002;11:336-45.
    • (2002) Tob Control , vol.11 , pp. 336-45
    • Yerger, V.1    Malone, R.2
  • 6
    • 53249107640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mobilising public opinion for the tobacco industry: The consumer tax alliance and excise taxes
    • Campbell R, Balbach ED. Mobilising public opinion for the tobacco industry: the consumer tax alliance and excise taxes. Tob Control 2008;17:351-6.
    • (2008) Tob Control , vol.17 , pp. 351-6
    • Campbell, R.1    Balbach, E.D.2
  • 7
    • 33748075888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political coalitions and working women: How the tobacco industry built a relationship with the Coalition of Labor Union Women
    • Balbach ED, Herzberg A, Barbeau EM. Political coalitions and working women: how the tobacco industry built a relationship with the Coalition of Labor Union Women. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006;60(suppl 2):27-32.
    • (2006) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.60 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 27-32
    • Balbach, E.D.1    Herzberg, A.2    Barbeau, E.M.3
  • 8
    • 0035378325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco lobby political influence on US state legislatures in the 1990s
    • Givel M, Glantz S. Tobacco lobby political influence on US state legislatures in the 1990s. Tob Control 2001;10:124-34.
    • (2001) Tob Control , vol.10 , pp. 124-34
    • Givel, M.1    Glantz, S.2
  • 9
    • 0003647334 scopus 로고
    • Agendas and instability in American politics
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Baumgartner FR, Jones BD. Agendas and instability in American politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.
    • (1993)
    • Baumgartner, F.R.1    Jones, B.D.2
  • 10
    • 0003452186 scopus 로고
    • Vote and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics
    • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Verba S, Schlozman KL, Brady HE. Vote and equality: civic voluntarism in American politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995.
    • (1995)
    • Verba, S.1    Schlozman, K.L.2    Brady, H.E.3
  • 11
    • 0003422290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tobacco industry's successful efforts to control tobacco policy making in Switzerland
    • San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. Tobacco Control Policy Making: International
    • Lee C, Glantz S. The tobacco industry's successful efforts to control tobacco policy making in Switzerland. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. Tobacco Control Policy Making: International, 2001. http://repositories.cdlib.org/ctcre/tcpmi/Swiss2001/.
    • (2001)
    • Lee, C.1    Glantz, S.2
  • 12
    • 70349863431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiative use
    • Initiative and Referendum Institute, University of Southern California: Initiative and Referendum Institute, (accessed 10 April 2008)
    • Initiative and Referendum Institute. Initiative use. University of Southern California: Initiative and Referendum Institute, 2008. http://www.iandrinstitute.org/IRI%20Initiative%20Use%20(1904-2008).pdf (accessed 10 April 2008).
    • (2008)
  • 13
    • 70349860335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiative & Referendum Database
    • National Conference of State Legislatures
    • National Conference of State Legislatures. Initiative & Referendum Database. 2008. http://www.ncsl.org/programs/legismgt/elect/dbintro.htm (accessed 5 May 2008).
    • (2008)
  • 14
    • 70349882178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The initiative for Europe Handbook 2008
    • Berg C, Carline P, Wallis D, et al, eds., Marburg, Germany: Initiative and Referendum Institute-Europe
    • Berg C, Carline P, Wallis D, et al, eds. The initiative for Europe Handbook 2008. Marburg, Germany: Initiative and Referendum Institute-Europe, 2007.
    • (2007)
  • 15
    • 76849091298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct democracy: The international idea handbook
    • Stockholm, Sweden: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance
    • Beramendi V, Ellis A, Kaufman B, et al. Direct democracy: the international idea handbook. Stockholm, Sweden: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2008. http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/upload/DDH_inlay_low.pdf.
    • (2008)
    • Beramendi, V.1    Ellis, A.2    Kaufman, B.3
  • 16
    • 70349876917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centre for Research on Direct Democracy. Aarau, Switzerland, (accessed 10 January 2009)
    • Centre for Research on Direct Democracy. Aarau, Switzerland http://www.c2d.ch/index.php (accessed 10 January 2009).
  • 17
    • 70349869689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiative and Referendum Institute-Asia. Taipei, Taiwan 2009
    • Initiative and Referendum Institute-Asia. Taipei, Taiwan 2009. http://www.iri-asia.net/?mod=Home (accessed 10 January 2009).
  • 18
    • 70349885541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiative and Referendum Institute-Europe. Marburg, Germany 2009., (accessed 10 January 2009)
    • Initiative and Referendum Institute-Europe. Marburg, Germany 2009. http://www.iri-europe.org/ (accessed 10 January 2009).
  • 19
    • 70349886615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Direct Democracy Movement. Prague, Czech Republic, (accessed 10 January 2009)
    • World Direct Democracy Movement. Prague, Czech Republic. http://www.movementfordirectdemocracy.com/ (accessed 10 January 2009).
  • 20
    • 70349866731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Democracy International. Berlin, Germany, (accessed 10 January 2009)
    • Democracy International. Berlin, Germany. http://www.democracy-international.org/ (accessed 10 January 2009).
  • 21
    • 0032535327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco tax initiatives to prevent tobacco use
    • Nicholl J. Tobacco tax initiatives to prevent tobacco use. Cancer 1998;83: S2666-79.
    • (1998) Cancer , vol.83
    • Nicholl, J.1
  • 22
    • 0029976737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California's tobacco tax initiative: The development and passage of Proposition 99
    • Traynor M, Glantz S. California's tobacco tax initiative: the development and passage of Proposition 99. J Health Polit Policy Law 1996;21:543-85.
    • (1996) J Health Polit Policy Law , vol.21 , pp. 543-85
    • Traynor, M.1    Glantz, S.2
  • 23
    • 70349871755 scopus 로고
    • Beer and cigarette tax initiative
    • The Nelson Group, R.J Reynolds, (accessed 31 October 2008)
    • The Nelson Group. Beer and cigarette tax initiative. Vol 1. 1988. R.J Reynolds. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/swn42f00 (accessed 31 October 2008).
    • (1988) , vol.1
  • 24
    • 0027460610 scopus 로고
    • The 1990 Montana initiative to increase cigarette taxes: Lessons for other states and localities
    • Moon R, Males M, Nelson D. The 1990 Montana initiative to increase cigarette taxes: lessons for other states and localities. J Public Health Policy 1993;14:19-33.
    • (1993) J Public Health Policy , vol.14 , pp. 19-33
    • Moon, R.1    Males, M.2    Nelson, D.3
  • 25
    • 0030226193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the successful 1992 Massachusetts tobacco tax initiative
    • Koh H. An analysis of the successful 1992 Massachusetts tobacco tax initiative. Tob Control 1996;5:220-5.
    • (1996) Tob Control , vol.5 , pp. 220-5
    • Koh, H.1
  • 26
    • 70349858320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco control in Arizona, 1973-1997. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education
    • (accessed 1 May 2008)
    • Bialous S, Glantz S. Tobacco control in Arizona, 1973-1997. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States, 1997. http://repositories.cdlib.org/ctcre/tcpmus/AZ1997 (accessed 1 May 2008).
    • (1997) Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States
    • Bialous, S.1    Glantz, S.2
  • 27
    • 0033143548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arizona's tobacco control initiative illustrates the need for continuing oversight by tobacco control advocates
    • Bialous S, Glantz S. Arizona's tobacco control initiative illustrates the need for continuing oversight by tobacco control advocates. Tob Control 1999;8:141-51.
    • (1999) Tob Control , vol.8 , pp. 141-51
    • Bialous, S.1    Glantz, S.2
  • 28
    • 70349874846 scopus 로고
    • California Journal's Analysis of Prop 186
    • (accessed 10 October 2008)
    • Brydolf C. California Journal's Analysis of Prop 186. 1994. http://www.calvoter.org/archive/94general/props/186.html (accessed 10 October 2008).
    • (1994)
    • Brydolf, C.1
  • 29
    • 70349866727 scopus 로고
    • The California single-payer debate, the defeat of Proposition 186
    • The Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation, (accessed 19 September 2008)
    • Danelski A, Altman D, Eldred J, et al. The California single-payer debate, the defeat of Proposition 186. The Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation. 1995. http://www.kff.org/statepolicy/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID=14427 (accessed 19 September 2008).
    • (1995)
    • Danelski, A.1    Altman, D.2    Eldred, J.3
  • 30
    • 70349858318 scopus 로고
    • Proposition 188 August 1994 Benchmark Research Findings
    • Charlton Research Company, 19940800/E, Phillip Morris, (accessed 31 October 2008)
    • Charlton Research Company. Proposition 188 August 1994 Benchmark Research Findings. 19940800/E. 1994. Phillip Morris. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ens43a00 (accessed 31 October 2008).
    • (1994)
  • 31
    • 58149225646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco industry involvement in Colorado
    • Tobacco control. Reports on industry activity outside UCSF. Paper CO2004, (accessed 25 September 2008)
    • Landman A, Bialick P. Tobacco industry involvement in Colorado. Tobacco control. Reports on industry activity outside UCSF. Paper CO2004. 2004. http://repositories.cdlib.org/tc/reports/CO2004 (accessed 25 September 2008).
    • (2004)
    • Landman, A.1    Bialick, P.2
  • 32
    • 70349860330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco industry political activity in Colorado 1979-1995. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education
    • Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States. Paper CO1996, (accessed 21 July 2008)
    • Monardi F, O'Neill A, Glantz S. Tobacco industry political activity in Colorado 1979-1995. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States. Paper CO1996, 1996. http://repositories.cdlib.org/ctcre/tcpmus/CO1996 (accessed 21 July 2008).
    • (1996)
    • Monardi, F.1    O'neill, A.2    Glantz, S.3
  • 33
    • 70349866726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CA tobacco industry political expenditures and tobacco policy making in Oregon:1985-1997. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education
    • Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States, (accessed 1 May 2008)
    • Goldman LK, Glantz SA. San Francisco, CA tobacco industry political expenditures and tobacco policy making in Oregon: 1985-1997. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States. 1998. http://repositories.cdlib.org/ctcre/tcpmus/OR1998/ (accessed 1 May 2008).
    • (1998)
    • Goldman, L.K.1    Glantz, S.A.2
  • 34
    • 70349856208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turning the tide: Tobacco industry political influence and tobacco policy making in California 1997-1999. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education
    • Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States, 1999., (accessed 21 July 2008)
    • Magzamen S, Glantz S. Turning the tide: tobacco industry political influence and tobacco policy making in California 1997-1999. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States, 1999. http://repositories.cdlib.org/ctcre/tcpmus/CA1999 (accessed 21 July 2008).
    • Magzamen, S.1    Glantz, S.2
  • 35
    • 70349886614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of pre-election field polls regarding Proposition 86, the tax on cigarettes initiative. Field Research Corporation
    • (accessed 28 July 2008)
    • DiCamillo M. An analysis of pre-election field polls regarding Proposition 86, the tax on cigarettes initiative. Field Research Corporation. 2006. http://www.healthvote.org/uploads/pdf/field_nov06.pdf (accessed 28 July 2008).
    • (2006)
    • Dicamillo, M.1
  • 36
    • 70349884383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington tobacco taxes final draft
    • Voter Consumer Research, 20001200/E. 2000. Philip Morris, (accessed 25 September 2008)
    • Voter Consumer Research. Washington tobacco taxes final draft. 20001200/E. 2000. Philip Morris. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/tyw21c00 (accessed 25 September 2008).
  • 37
    • 70349885539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco control in transition: Public support and governmental disarray in Arizona 1997-2007. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education
    • Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States. 2008., (accessed 21 July 2008)
    • Hendlin Y, Barnes R, Glantz S. Tobacco control in transition: public support and governmental disarray in Arizona 1997-2007. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States. 2008. http://repositories.cdlib.org/ctcre/tcpmus/Arizona2007 (accessed 21 July 2008).
    • Hendlin, Y.1    Barnes, R.2    Glantz, S.3
  • 38
    • 70349860332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco tax plan pushed
    • The Arizona Republic (Phoenix, AZ), April 30;B1
    • Scutari C. 2nd tobacco tax plan pushed. The Arizona Republic (Phoenix, AZ) 2002 April 30;B1.
    • (2002)
    • Scutari II, C.1
  • 39
    • 70349863438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the viability of a statewide tobacco tax initiative in Missouri
    • Associates, September
    • Nicholl Campaigns, Fairbank, Maslin, Maullin & Associates. An evaluation of the viability of a statewide tobacco tax initiative in Missouri 2003 September.
    • (2003)
    • Campaigns, N.1
  • 40
    • 70349885538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opponents of higher tobacco taxes have tough battle ahead
    • Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, MO), July 7;B1
    • Eisenhauer L. Opponents of higher tobacco taxes have tough battle ahead. Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, MO) 2002 July 7;B1.
    • (2002)
    • Eisenhauer, L.1
  • 41
    • 70349863435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cost of caution: Tobacco industry political influence and tobacco policy making in Oregon 1997-2007. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education
    • Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States, (accessed 21 July 2008)
    • Lum K, Glantz S. The cost of caution: tobacco industry political influence and tobacco policy making in Oregon 1997-2007. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States. 2007. http://repositories.cdlib.org/ctcre/tcpmus/Oregon2007 (accessed 21 July 2008).
    • (2007)
    • Lum, K.1    Glantz, S.2
  • 42
    • 70349885536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of registered likely Oregon voters
    • McCraig Inc, January 25-27
    • Davis, Hibbits, McCraig Inc. Survey of registered likely Oregon voters, 2002 January 25-27.
    • (2002)
    • Davis, H.1
  • 43
    • 70349876914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco tax initiative backers doing slow burn-legislators end-run tactics just increases their resolve to win
    • Rocky Mountain News (Denver, CO), May 7;20A
    • Lowe P, Sanko J. Tobacco tax initiative backers doing slow burn-legislators end-run tactics just increases their resolve to win. Rocky Mountain News (Denver, CO) 2004 May 7;20A.
    • (2004)
    • Lowe, P.1    Sanko, J.2
  • 44
    • 70349858316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco control policy making in Montana 1979-2005: Falling off the horse at the finish line. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education
    • Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States, (accessed 21 July 2008)
    • Torrijos R, Glantz S. Tobacco control policy making in Montana 1979-2005: falling off the horse at the finish line. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States. 2005. http://repositories.cdlib.org/ctcre/tcpmus/MT2005 (accessed 21 July 2008).
    • (2005)
    • Torrijos, R.1    Glantz, S.2
  • 45
    • 70349887807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of likely general election voters in Montana
    • Greenburg, Quinlan, Rosner Research, September 22-23, 2004 August 2004
    • Greenburg, Quinlan, Rosner Research. Survey of likely general election voters in Montana, September 22-23, 20042004 August 2004.
    • (2004)
  • 46
    • 70349855264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • QEV Analytics. Survey of 508 registered likely Oklahoma voters
    • The Mellman Group, January 2004
    • The Mellman Group, QEV Analytics. Survey of 508 registered likely Oklahoma voters 2004 January 2004.
    • (2004)
  • 47
    • 70349876912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arizona voters support minimum wage increase & no-smoking initiatives: Voters divided over marriage amendment
    • Northern Arizona University, Social Research Laboratory, (accessed 7 October 2008)
    • Northern Arizona University. Arizona voters support minimum wage increase & no-smoking initiatives: voters divided over marriage amendment. Social Research Laboratory. 2006. http://www4.nau.edu/srl/docs/SRL%20Release%20-%20Initiatives.pdf (accessed 7 October 2008).
    • (2006)
  • 48
    • 70349874845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco control in California 2003-2007: Missed opportunities. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States
    • (accessed 21 July 2008)
    • Hong M, Barnes R, Glantz S. Tobacco control in California 2003-2007: missed opportunities. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States. 2007. http://repositories.cdlib.org/ctcre/tcpmus/CA2007 (accessed 21 July 2008).
    • (2007)
    • Hong, M.1    Barnes, R.2    Glantz, S.3
  • 49
    • 70349884378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Committee for a healthly future amendment 3: Tobacco tax campaign
    • Center for Tobacco Policy Research, St Louis, MO: Washington University
    • Center for Tobacco Policy Research. Committee for a healthly future amendment 3: tobacco tax campaign. St Louis, MO: Washington University, 2008.
    • (2008)
  • 50
    • 70349886613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of likely South Dakota voters
    • Public Opinion Strategies, August 2-3 and 5-6, 2006 August 2006
    • Public Opinion Strategies. Survey of likely South Dakota voters, August 2-3 and 5-6 2006 2006 August 2006.
    • (2006)
  • 51
    • 70349882171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glantz S. The defeat of Oregon's tobacco tax initiative in 2007
    • San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, (accessed July 21)
    • Lum K, Glantz S. The defeat of Oregon's tobacco tax initiative in 2007. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. 2008. http://repositories.cdlib.org/ctcre/tcpmus/Oregon2008 (accessed July 21). 383
    • (2008) , pp. 383
    • Lum, K.1
  • 52
    • 70349847901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Portland, OR The Riley Report-Oregon likely voter poll
    • Riley Research Associates, (accessed 15 October 2008)
    • Riley Research Associates. Portland, OR The Riley Report-Oregon likely voter poll. 2007. http://www.rileyresearch.com/polls/2007_3_14_riley_report.pdf (accessed 15 October 2008).
    • (2007)
  • 53
    • 70349855261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smuggling in California: Fact and fiction. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education
    • Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States, (accessed 21 July 2008)
    • Alamar B, Mahmoud L, Glantz S. Cigarette smuggling in California: fact and fiction. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States. 2003. http://repositories.cdlib.org/ctcre/tcpmus/Smuggling2003 (accessed 21 July 2008).
    • (2003)
    • Alamar, B.1    Mahmoud, L.2    Glantz, S.3
  • 54
    • 0034267909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco industry documents: Treasure trove or quagmire?
    • Malone R, Balbach E. Tobacco industry documents: treasure trove or quagmire? Tob Control 2000;9:334-8.
    • (2000) Tob Control , vol.9 , pp. 334-8
    • Malone, R.1    Balbach, E.2
  • 55
    • 0030018550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California's Proposition 186: Lessons from a single-payer health care reform ballot initiative campaign
    • Farey K, Lingappa V. California's Proposition 186: lessons from a single-payer health care reform ballot initiative campaign. J Public Health Policy 1996;17:133-52.
    • (1996) J Public Health Policy , vol.17 , pp. 133-52
    • Farey, K.1    Lingappa, V.2
  • 56
    • 70349885534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco Institute. Tobacco industry ballot issues goals and procedures, May 20, 1997, RJ Reynolds, (accessed 22 July 2008)
    • Tobacco Institute. Tobacco industry ballot issues goals and procedures. May 20, 1997.1997. RJ Reynolds. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/lvj30d00 (accessed 22 July 2008).
    • (1997)
  • 57
    • 70349855262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excise taxes and issues management
    • 19971100/E Philip Morris, (accessed 9 July 2008)
    • Dunham J. Excise taxes and issues management. 19971100/E. 1997. Philip Morris. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ger75c00 (accessed 9 July 2008).
    • (1997)
    • Dunham, J.1
  • 58
    • 70349876909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nationwide segmentation survey a survey conducted for the Tobacco Institute
    • Voter Consumer Research, 19970700/E, Brown & Williamson, (accessed 23 July 2008)
    • Voter Consumer Research. Nationwide segmentation survey a survey conducted for the Tobacco Institute. 19970700/E. 1997. Brown & Williamson. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/njk81d00 (accessed 23 July 2008).
    • (1997)
  • 59
    • 70349866722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California tobacco initiative: A post-election survery of registered voters in the state of California
    • Voter/Consumer Research, 19980000/E, Lorillard, (accessed 20 September 2008)
    • Voter/Consumer Research. California tobacco initiative: a post-election survery of registered voters in the state of California. 19980000/E. 1998. Lorillard. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/td/dhx68c00 (accessed 20 September 2008).
    • (1998)
  • 60
    • 70349886611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiative strategy team outline for tobacco manufacturers
    • Tobacco Institute, Philip Morris, (accessed 29 July 2008)
    • Tobacco Institute. Initiative strategy team outline for tobacco manufacturers. 19990128/E. 1999. Philip Morris. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/wrt43a00 (accessed 29 July 2008).
    • (1999)
  • 61
    • 70349887806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington initiative 773 on 20011100 ballot tobacco tax increase
    • 20010000/E., Philip Morris, (accessed 30 June 2008)
    • Daniels J, Davis RS, Gano S, et al. Washington initiative 773 on 20011100 ballot tobacco tax increase. 20010000/E. 2001. Philip Morris. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fyj84a00 (accessed 30 June 2008).
    • (2001)
    • Daniels, J.1    Davis, R.S.2    Gano, S.3
  • 62
    • 70349847899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associated Press. Tobacco firms gave little to fight 60-cent cigarette tax hike, Vancouver, WA, November 25;C5
    • Associated Press. Tobacco firms gave little to fight 60-cent cigarette tax hike. The Columbian (Vancouver, WA) 2001 November 25;C5.
    • (2001) The Columbian
  • 63
    • 70349860329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Big tobacco's big bucks stay out of tax fight
    • (Seattle, WA), November 3;A1
    • Lewis P. Big tobacco's big bucks stay out of tax fight. The Seattle Times (Seattle, WA) 2001 November 3;A1.
    • (2001) The Seattle Times
    • Lewis, P.1
  • 64
    • 70349863433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington tax referendum
    • 20011105., Philip Morris, (accessed 19 September 2008)
    • Berlind M. Washington tax referendum. 20011105. 2001. Philip Morris. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ncb22c00 (accessed 19 September 2008).
    • (2001)
    • Berlind, M.1
  • 65
    • 23244462298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who supports tobacco excise taxes? Factors associated with towns' and individuals' support in Massachusetts
    • Hamilton W, Biener L, Rodger C. Who supports tobacco excise taxes? Factors associated with towns' and individuals' support in Massachusetts. J Public Health Manag Pract 2005;11:333-40.
    • (2005) J Public Health Manag Pract , vol.11 , pp. 333-40
    • Hamilton, W.1    Biener, L.2    Rodger, C.3
  • 66
    • 0038297236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The politics of tobacco regulation in the United States
    • Rabin R, Sugarman S, eds. Regulating tobacco. New York: Oxford University Press
    • Kagan R, Nelson W. The politics of tobacco regulation in the United States. In: Rabin R, Sugarman S, eds. Regulating tobacco. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
    • (2001)
    • Kagan, R.1    Nelson, W.2
  • 68
    • 70349873870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California post election survey
    • Moore Information, 19881100 1988. RJ Reynolds, (accessed 14 October 2008)
    • Moore Information. California post election survey. 19881100 1988. RJ Reynolds. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mdb71d00 (accessed 14 October 2008).
  • 69
    • 70349858313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interview of Jack Nicholl, campaign consultant
    • In: Barnes R, ed
    • Nicholl J. Interview of Jack Nicholl, campaign consultant. In: Barnes R, ed. 2007.
    • (2007)
    • Nicholl, J.1
  • 70
    • 0011914477 scopus 로고
    • Information and opinion change on ballot propositions
    • Bowler S, Donovan T. Information and opinion change on ballot propositions. Political Behavior 1994;16:411-35.
    • (1994) Political Behavior , vol.16 , pp. 411-35
    • Bowler, S.1    Donovan, T.2
  • 71
    • 70349887804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absentee and early voting
    • National Conference of State Legislatures, (accessed 17 October 2008)
    • National Conference of State Legislatures. Absentee and early voting. 2008. http://www.ncsl.org/programs/legismgt/elect/absentearly.htm (accessed 17 October 2008).
    • (2008)
  • 72
    • 33744765901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is spending more potent for or against a proposition? Evidence from ballot measures
    • Stratmann T. Is spending more potent for or against a proposition? Evidence from ballot measures. Am J Political Science 2006;50:788-801.
    • (2006) Am J Political Science , vol.50 , pp. 788-801
    • Stratmann, T.1
  • 73
    • 33746776973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of increased social unacceptability of cigarette smoking on reduction in cigarette consumption
    • Alamar B, Glantz SA. Effect of increased social unacceptability of cigarette smoking on reduction in cigarette consumption. Am J Public Health 2006;96:1359-63.
    • (2006) Am J Public Health , vol.96 , pp. 1359-63
    • Alamar, B.1    Glantz, S.A.2
  • 74
    • 0037183182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of smoke-free workplaces on smoking behaviour: Systematic review
    • Fichtenberg CM, Glantz SA. Effect of smoke-free workplaces on smoking behaviour: systematic review. BMJ 2002;325:188-95.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.325 , pp. 188-95
    • Fichtenberg, C.M.1    Glantz, S.A.2
  • 75
    • 32144447620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
    • World Health Organization, Geneva: WHO, (accessed 12 September 2008)
    • World Health Organization. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Geneva: WHO. http://www.who.int/fctc/en/index.html (accessed 12 September 2008).
  • 76
    • 0034621040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco industry efforts subverting international agency for research on cancer's second-hand smoke study
    • Ong E, Glantz S. Tobacco industry efforts subverting international agency for research on cancer's second-hand smoke study. Lancet 2000;355:1253-9.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 1253-9
    • Ong, E.1    Glantz, S.2
  • 77
    • 0036886375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco industry success in preventing regulation of secondhand smoke in Latin America: The "Latin Project"
    • Barnoya J, Glantz S. Tobacco industry success in preventing regulation of secondhand smoke in Latin America: the "Latin Project". Tob Control 2002;11:305-14.
    • (2002) Tob Control , vol.11 , pp. 305-14
    • Barnoya, J.1    Glantz, S.2
  • 78
    • 10344222121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Care and feeding: The Asian Environmental Tobacco Smoke Consultants Programme
    • ii4-12
    • Assunta M, Fields N, Knight J, et al. "Care and feeding": The Asian Environmental Tobacco Smoke Consultants Programme. Tob Control 2004;13(suppl 2):ii4-12.
    • (2004) Tob Control , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Assunta, M.1    Fields, N.2    Knight, J.3
  • 79
    • 32244439657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tobacco industry's worldwide ETS consultants project: European and Asian Components
    • Barnoya J, Glantz S. The tobacco industry's worldwide ETS consultants project: European and Asian Components. Eur J Public Health 2005;16:69-77.
    • (2005) Eur J Public Health , vol.16 , pp. 69-77
    • Barnoya, J.1    Glantz, S.2
  • 80
    • 33746502121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • German tobacco industry's successful efforts to maintain scientific and political respectability to prevent regulation of secondhand smoke
    • Bornhauser A, McCarthy J, Glantz SA. German tobacco industry's successful efforts to maintain scientific and political respectability to prevent regulation of secondhand smoke. Tob Control 2006;15:e1.
    • (2006) Tob Control , vol.e1 , pp. 15
    • Bornhauser, A.1    McCarthy, J.2    Glantz, S.A.3
  • 81
    • 44649087204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Best practices for comprehensive tobacco control programs-2007
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office on Smoking and Health, (accessed 1 May 2008)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Best practices for comprehensive tobacco control programs-2007. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office on Smoking and Health. 2007. http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/tobacco_control_programs/stateandcommunity/best_practices/index.htm (accessed 1 May 2008).
    • (2007)
  • 82
    • 70349874841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State cigarette tax rates and rank, date of last increase, annual pack sales and revenues, and related data
    • Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids, (accessed 21 July 2008)
    • Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids. State cigarette tax rates and rank, date of last increase, annual pack sales and revenues, and related data. 2008. http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0099.pdf (accessed 21 July 2008).
    • (2008)
  • 83
    • 70349884376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State tobacco prevention spending recommendation, state tobacco prevention spending, state tobacco revenues, smoking caused health costs, and tobacco company marketing
    • Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids, (accessed 21 June 2008)
    • Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids. State tobacco prevention spending recommendation, state tobacco prevention spending, state tobacco revenues, smoking caused health costs, and tobacco company marketing. 2008. http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/cdcbestpractices/downloads/ChartStateData_01_30_08.doc (accessed 21 June 2008).
    • (2008)
  • 84
    • 70349886608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2007-09 Lab Summary for Department of Human Services
    • Oregon Department of Human Services, (accessed 1 May 2008)
    • Oregon Department of Human Services. 2007-09 Lab Summary for Department of Human Services. 2007. http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/aboutdhs/budget/07-09budget/07-09_lab.pdf (accessed 1 May 2008).
    • (2007)
  • 85
    • 50949094838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the California tobacco control program on personal health care expenditures
    • Lightwood J, Dinno A, Glantz S. Effect of the California tobacco control program on personal health care expenditures. PLoS Med 2008;5:e178.
    • (2008) PLoS Med , vol.e178 , pp. 5
    • Lightwood, J.1    Dinno, A.2    Glantz, S.3
  • 86
    • 0034649697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of the California tobacco control program with declines in cigarette consumption and mortality from heart disease
    • Fichtenberg C, Glantz S. Association of the California tobacco control program with declines in cigarette consumption and mortality from heart disease. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1772-7.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 1772-7
    • Fichtenberg, C.1    Glantz, S.2
  • 87
    • 4043117071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of the California tobacco control program with declines in lung cancer incidence
    • Barnoya J, Glantz S. Association of the California tobacco control program with declines in lung cancer incidence. Cancer Causes Control 2004;15:689-95.
    • (2004) Cancer Causes Control , vol.15 , pp. 689-95
    • Barnoya, J.1    Glantz, S.2
  • 88
    • 70349860327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • South Dakota Question Pamphlet 2006
    • South Dakota Secretary of State, (accessed 30 August 2008)
    • South Dakota Secretary of State. South Dakota Question Pamphlet 2006. http://www.sdsos.gov/electionsvoteregistration/electvoterpdfs/2006SouthDakotaBallotQuestionPamphlet.pdf (accessed 30 August 2008).
  • 89
    • 61549140662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competing initiatives: A new tobacco industry strategy to oppose statewide clean indoor air ballot measures
    • Tung G, Hendlin Y, Glantz SA. Competing initiatives: a new tobacco industry strategy to oppose statewide clean indoor air ballot measures. Am J Pub Health 2009;99:430-9.
    • (2009) Am J Pub Health , vol.99 , pp. 430-9
    • Tung, G.1    Hendlin, Y.2    Glantz, S.A.3
  • 90
    • 0003943076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco war: Inside the California battles
    • Berkeley: University of California Press
    • Glantz S, Balbach E. Tobacco war: inside the California battles. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
    • (2000)
    • Glantz, S.1    Balbach, E.2
  • 91
    • 70349856203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voter Consumer Research California statewide topline results
    • Voter Consumer Research, 19971015, RJ Reynolds, (accessed 28 July 2008)
    • Voter Consumer Research. Voter Consumer Research California statewide topline results. 19971015. 1997. RJ Reynolds. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kst01d00 (accessed 28 July 2008).
    • (1997)
  • 92
    • 70349873871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State propositions-Proposition 10
    • San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, CA), October 25
    • Russell S. State propositions-Proposition 10. San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, CA) 1998 October 25;7.
    • (1998) , pp. 7
    • Russell, S.1
  • 93
    • 70349860324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Big names join the fight against big tobacco-supporters of Prop
    • 10 push for cigarette tax hike on airwaves. Daily Breeze (Torrance, CA), October 21
    • Locke M. Big names join the fight against big tobacco-supporters of Prop. 10 push for cigarette tax hike on airwaves. Daily Breeze (Torrance, CA) 1998 October 21;B3.
    • (1998)
    • Locke, M.1
  • 94
    • 70349855258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette-tax increase failing-Proposition 10: Smokers rejoice as director Rob Reiner's initiatve trails
    • The Orange County Register (Santa Ana, CA), November 4
    • Sforza T. Cigarette-tax increase failing-Proposition 10: smokers rejoice as director Rob Reiner's initiatve trails. The Orange County Register (Santa Ana, CA) 1998 November 4;G6.
    • (1998)
    • Sforza, T.1
  • 95
    • 70349858310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outline of key findings: Focus groups and survey research among California minority voters
    • Schroth & Associates, 19980810, Philip Morris, (accessed 28 July 2008)
    • Schroth & Associates. Outline of key findings: focus groups and survey research among California minority voters. 19980810. 1998. Philip Morris. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/snt43a00 (accessed 28 July 2008).
    • (1998)
  • 96
    • 70349882168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absentee ballots give tobacco tax win-50 cents added to cost of a pack of cigarettes
    • San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, CA), November 12
    • Russell S. Absentee ballots give tobacco tax win-50 cents added to cost of a pack of cigarettes. San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, CA) 1998 November 12;A1.
    • (1998)
    • Russell, S.1
  • 97
    • 33748920398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From industry dominance to legislative progress: The political and public health struggle for tobacco control in Oklahoma
    • Tobacco Control. Reports on Industry Activity from Outside UCSF. Paper OKLA, (accessed 28 July 2008)
    • Spivak A, Givel M. From industry dominance to legislative progress: the political and public health struggle for tobacco control in Oklahoma. Tobacco Control. Reports on Industry Activity from Outside UCSF. Paper OKLA. 2005. http://repositories.cdlib.org/tc/reports/OKLA (accessed 28 July 2008).
    • (2005)
    • Spivak, A.1    Givel, M.2
  • 98
    • 0013611383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Daily Oklahoman
    • Staff. Tobacco tax backers raise funds, (Oklahoma City, OK), December 15, 1D
    • Staff. Tobacco tax backers raise funds. The Daily Oklahoman (Oklahoma City, OK) 2004 December 15;1D.
    • (2004)
  • 99
    • 70349860326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legislative brief-tobacco tax and other tax changes
    • Oklahoma State Senate Staff, (accessed 29 August 2008)
    • Oklahoma State Senate Staff. Legislative brief-tobacco tax and other tax changes. 2004. http://www.oksenate.gov/publications/legislative_briefs/legis_brief_2004/taxes.html (accessed 29 August 2008).
    • (2004)
  • 100
    • 0013611383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Daily Oklahoman
    • Sq 713: Yes: 368,701 (52.6%), No: 332,571 (47.4%) 57% precincts reporting - voters light up 'yes' for tobacco tax, (Oklahoma City, OK), November 3;6A
    • Snyder C. Sq 713: Yes: 368,701 (52.6%), No: 332,571 (47.4%) 57% precincts reporting - voters light up 'yes' for tobacco tax. The Daily Oklahoman (Oklahoma City, OK) 2004 November 3;6A.
    • (2004)
    • Snyder, C.1
  • 101
    • 70349886606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voters pack a higher tax on tobacco
    • Tulsa World (Tulsa, OK), November 3;A7
    • Hoberock B. Voters pack a higher tax on tobacco. Tulsa World (Tulsa, OK) 2004 November 3;A7.
    • (2004)
    • Hoberock, B.1
  • 102
    • 84871814960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Questions and answers
    • Tulsa World (Tulsa, OK), October 31;G1
    • Delcour J, Pearson J. Questions and answers. Tulsa World (Tulsa, OK) 2004 October 31;G1.
    • (2004)
    • Delcour, J.1    Pearson, J.2
  • 103
    • 70349869682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Readers Forum: Sq 713: Big tobacco's profits vs health of Oklahomans
    • Tulsa World (Tulsa, OK) 2004 October 31;G4
    • McCaffree R. Readers Forum: Sq 713: Big tobacco's profits vs health of Oklahomans. Tulsa World (Tulsa, OK) 2004 October 31;G4.
    • McCaffree, R.1
  • 104
    • 70349851002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco industry media efforts to defeat state tobacco control ballot initiatives and referenda
    • National Cancer Institute, In: Davis RM, Gilpin EA, Loken B, et al, eds. The role of media in promoting and reducing tobacco use (Tobacco Control Monograph 19). Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute
    • National Cancer Institute. Tobacco industry media efforts to defeat state tobacco control ballot initiatives and referenda. In: Davis RM, Gilpin EA, Loken B, et al, eds. The role of media in promoting and reducing tobacco use (Tobacco Control Monograph 19). Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, 2008. http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/19/m19_complete.pdf.
    • (2008)
  • 105
    • 70349886609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educational Amendments of 1972
    • 20 USC, 11681 et seq
    • Educational Amendments of 1972. 20 USC 11681 et seq.
  • 107
    • 70349882165 scopus 로고
    • Rep Dix proposes tax hike
    • Oregon Smoker (Philip Morris), 19880000/E, Tobacco Institute, (accessed 31 October 2008)
    • Oregon Smoker (Philip Morris). Rep Dix proposes tax hike. 19880000/E. 1988. Tobacco Institute. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ebm42f00 (accessed 31 October 2008).
    • (1988)
  • 108
    • 70349882166 scopus 로고
    • Update 1988 state anti-tobacco intitiatives
    • Tobacco Institute, 19880404, Tobacco Institute, (accessed 31 October 2008)
    • Tobacco Institute. Update 1988 state anti-tobacco intitiatives. 19880404. 1988. Tobacco Institute. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ayj42f00 (accessed 31 October 2008).
    • (1988)
  • 109
    • 70349855256 scopus 로고
    • Oregon Tax Initiative
    • Tobacco Institute, 19880210, Tobacco Institute, (accessed 31 October 2008)
    • Tobacco Institute. Oregon Tax Initiative. 19880210. 1988. Tobacco Institute. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/wwi42f00 (accessed 31 October 2008).
    • (1988)
  • 110
    • 70349873868 scopus 로고
    • Coalition will fight tax for intercollegiate athletics
    • The Oregonian (Portland, OR), March 4;E02
    • Bertram N. Coalition will fight tax for intercollegiate athletics. The Oregonian (Portland, OR) 1988 March 4;E02.
    • (1988)
    • Bertram, N.1
  • 111
    • 70349887802 scopus 로고
    • 2 Initiatives due on ballot in November
    • The Oregonian (Portland, OR), July 20;B01
    • Ames S. 2 Initiatives due on ballot in November. The Oregonian (Portland, OR) 1988 July 20;B01.
    • (1988)
    • Ames, S.1
  • 112
    • 70349856201 scopus 로고
    • College sports: Should sinners pick up the check?
    • The Oregonian (Portland, OR), July 10;F01
    • Frei T. College sports: should sinners pick up the check? The Oregonian (Portland, OR) 1988 July 10;F01.
    • (1988)
    • Frei, T.1
  • 113
    • 70349847896 scopus 로고
    • Ads battered 2 measures
    • The Oregonian (Portland, OR), November 13;D01
    • Ames S. Ads battered 2 measures. The Oregonian (Portland, OR) 1988 November 13;D01.
    • (1988)
    • Ames, S.1
  • 114
    • 70349853108 scopus 로고
    • Millions raised for smoking fight
    • The Oregonian (Portland, OR), November 4;A01
    • Mapes J. Millions raised for smoking fight. The Oregonian (Portland, OR) 1988 November 4;A01.
    • (1988)
    • Mapes, J.1
  • 115
    • 70349885530 scopus 로고
    • Beer, tobacco firms set their priorities
    • The Oregonian (Portland, OR), October 27;C08
    • Sarasohn D. Beer, tobacco firms set their priorities. The Oregonian (Portland, OR) 1988 October 27;C08.
    • (1988)
    • Sarasohn, D.1
  • 116
    • 70349858309 scopus 로고
    • One-cent to fund state college sports? it's a toss up
    • The Oregonian (Portland, OR), October 20;D01
    • Baker J. One-cent to fund state college sports? it's a toss up. The Oregonian (Portland, OR) 1988 October 20;D01.
    • (1988)
    • Baker, J.1
  • 117
    • 70349855255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiative, referendum and recall: 1988-1995
    • Oregon State Archives, (accessed 30 October 2008)
    • Oregon State Archives. Initiative, referendum and recall: 1988-1995. 2008. http://bluebook.state.or.us/state/elections/elections21.htm (accessed 30 October 2008).
    • (2008)
  • 118
    • 0004129869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tax Burden on Tobacco
    • Orzechowski and Walker, Arlington, VA2007
    • Orzechowski and Walker. Tax Burden on Tobacco. Arlington, VA2007.
  • 119
    • 0031438529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Defeat of Philip Morris' 'California Uniform Tobacco Control Act'
    • Macdonald H, Aguinaga S, Glantz S. The Defeat of Philip Morris' 'California Uniform Tobacco Control Act'. Am J Public Health 1997;87:1989-96.
    • (1997) Am J Public Health , vol.87 , pp. 1989-96
    • Macdonald, H.1    Aguinaga, S.2    Glantz, S.3
  • 120
    • 70349873866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Missouri's Fiscal Crisis Remains Severe
    • The Missouri Budget Project, (accessed 8 August 2008)
    • The Missouri Budget Project. Missouri's Fiscal Crisis Remains Severe. 2004. http://www.mobudget.org/fiscalcrisisreport.pdf (accessed 8 August 2008).
    • (2004)
  • 121
    • 70349853107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why the cigarette tax failed, Part II: The grand coalition
    • St Louis Post-Dispatch (St Louis, MO), November 15;C1
    • McClellan B. Why the cigarette tax failed, Part II: The grand coalition. St Louis Post-Dispatch (St Louis, MO) 2002 November 15;C1.
    • (2002)
    • McClellan, B.1
  • 122
    • 70349884372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doctor's advice wins support for tobacco tax
    • Springfield News-Leader (Springfield, MO), October 7;6A
    • Lewis B. Doctor's advice wins support for tobacco tax. Springfield News-Leader (Springfield, MO) 2006 October 7;6A.
    • (2006)
    • Lewis, B.1
  • 123
    • 70349884371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 80-Cent cigarette tax lands on Nov 7 ballot
    • St Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, MO), October 12;A1
    • Young V. 80-Cent cigarette tax lands on Nov 7 ballot. St Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, MO) 2006 October 12;A1.
    • (2006)
    • Young, V.1
  • 124
    • 70349887801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amendment 3
    • Staff. Q&A, Springfield News-Leader (Springfield, MO), October 15;8A
    • Staff. Q&A: Amendment 3. Springfield News-Leader (Springfield, MO) 2006 October 15;8A.
    • (2006)
  • 125
    • 70349871742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group offers to restore Medicaid through tobacco tax hike
    • Associated Press, St Louis Post-Dispatch November 8
    • Associated Press. Group offers to restore Medicaid through tobacco tax hike. St Louis Post-Dispatch November 8.
  • 126
    • 70349853106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiative petitions approved for circulation in Missouri
    • Missouri Secretary of State, Tobacco Tax, 2006-25. 2006, (accessed 7 May 2008)
    • Missouri Secretary of State. 2006 Initiative petitions approved for circulation in Missouri. Tobacco Tax, 2006-25. 2006. http://www.sos.mo.gov/elections/2006petitions/ip200623.asp?pid=25 (accessed 7 May 2008).
    • (2006)
  • 127
    • 70349869679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Show me health evaluation
    • Center for Tobacco Policy Research., St Louis, MO: Center for Tobacco Policy Research, Washington University, August
    • Center for Tobacco Policy Research. Show me health evaluation. St Louis, MO: Center for Tobacco Policy Research, Washington University 2007 August.
    • (2007)
  • 128
    • 70349866719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California tobacco policy survey 2005
    • Associates, September 13-15
    • Fairbank, Maslin, Maullin & Associates. California tobacco policy survey 2005 September 13-15.
  • 129
    • 70349853101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moneywatch: Campaign contributions and expenditures for and against Props
    • California Healthline, 85 and 86. HealthVote.Org, (accessed 24 July 2008)
    • California Healthline. Moneywatch: campaign contributions and expenditures for and against Props. 85 and 86. HealthVote.Org. 2006. http://www.healthvote.org/index.php/moneywatch/year/C35 (accessed 24 July 2008).
    • (2006)
  • 130
    • 70349886604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco tax: Adwatch
    • California Health Care Foundation, (accessed Jul 24)
    • California Health Care Foundation. Tobacco tax: adwatch. 2006. http://www.healthvote.org/index.php/adwatch/C37/ (accessed Jul 24).
    • (2006)
  • 131
    • 70349853105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical absentee ballot use in California
    • California Secretary of State, (accessed 16 October 2008)
    • California Secretary of State. Historical absentee ballot use in California. 2008. http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/hist_absentee.htm (accessed 16 October 2008).
    • (2008)
  • 132
    • 70349855253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2007 Special election abstract of votes
    • Oregon Secretary of State, November 6, (accessed 3 November 2008)
    • Oregon Secretary of State. November 6, 2007 Special election abstract of votes. 2007. http://www.sos.state.or.us/elections/nov62007/abstract/results.pdf (accessed 3 November 2008).
    • (2007)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.