Long-term ocular consequences of sulfur mustard in seriously eye-injured war veterans

Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 71-77

  Ghasemi, Hassan ^a   Ghazanfari, Tooba ^a   Ghassemi Broumand, Mohammad ^b   Javadi, Mohammad Ali ^b   Babaei, Mahmoud ^c   Soroush, Mohammad Reza ^d   Yaraee, Roya ^a   Faghihzadeh, Soghrat ^e   Poorfarzam, Shahriar ^a   Owlia, Parviz ^a   Naghizadeh, Mohammad Mehdi ^a   Etezad Razavi, Mohammad ^f   Jadidi, Khosro ^c   Naderi, Mostafa ^c   Hassan, Zuhair Mohammad ^e  

^a SHAHED UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

^b SHAHID BEHESHTI UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^c BAQIYATALLAH UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^d JANBAZAN MEDICAL AND ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER JMERC   (Iran)

^e TARBIAT MODARES UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

^f MASHHAD UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

Author keywords

Ocular complications; Sulfur mustard; War veterans

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ARTIFICIAL TEAR; CALCIUM; CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENT; CYCLOSPORIN A; EYE OINTMENT; MUSTARD GAS; STEROID;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLEPHARITIS; CATARACT; CHEMICAL WARFARE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CORNEA STROMA; EPIPHORA; EXPOSURE; EYE INJURY; EYE PAIN; EYE SURGERY; EYELID DISEASE; FIBROSIS; HUMAN; HYPEREMIA; INTOXICATION; INTRAOCULAR FOREIGN BODY; ISCHEMIA; KERATOPATHY; LACRIMATION; LENS IMPLANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEIBOMIAN GLAND; OPTIC NERVE; PANNUS; PHOTOPHOBIA; PTERYGIUM; RETINA MACULA LUTEA; SLIT LAMP; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; SUBCONJUNCTIVAL FIBROSIS; TRICHIASIS; VASCULAR DISEASE; VETERAN; WAR; CHEMICAL BURN; CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISORDER; DISABILITY; EYE BURN; INJURY SCALE; INSURANCE; IRAN; TIME; VISUAL ACUITY;

MEIBOMIA;

ADULT; BURNS, CHEMICAL; CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; DISABILITY EVALUATION; EYE BURNS; HUMANS; IRAN; MUSTARD GAS; TIME FACTORS; TRAUMA SEVERITY INDICES; VETERANS; VETERANS DISABILITY CLAIMS; VISUAL ACUITY; WAR;

EID: 70349783432     PISSN: 15569527     EISSN: 15569535     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15569520902913936     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Shohrati M, Peyman M, Peyman A, Davoudi M, Ghanei M. Cutaneous and ocular late complications of sulfur mustard in Iranian veterans. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2007; 26:73-81.
2. Goozner B, Lutwick LI, Bourke E. Chemical terrorism: a primer for 2002. J Assoc Acad Minor Phys. 2002; 13:14-18.
3. McManus J, Huebner K. Vesicants. Crit Care Clin. 2005; 21:707-718,vi.
4. Ghasemi H, Ghazanfari T, Soroush M, Yaraee R, Pourfarzam S, Ghassemi-Broumand M, Babaei M, Javadi MA, Owlia P, Naghizadeh MM, Hassan Z. Systemic and ocular complications of sulfur mustard, a panoramic review. Toxin Rev. 2009; 28(1):14-23.
5. Watson AP, Griffin GD. Toxicity of vesicant agents scheduled for destruction by the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program. Environ Health Perspect. 1992; 98:259-280.
6. Kehe K, Balszuweit F, Emmler J, Kreppel H, Jochum M, Thiermann H. Sulfur mustard research-strategies for the development of improved medical therapy. Eplasty. 2008; 8:e32.
7. Kehe K, Szinicz L. Medical aspects of sulphur mustard poisoning. Toxicology. 2005; 214:198-209.
8. Solberg Y, Alcalay M, Belkin M. Ocular injury by mustard gas. Surv Ophthalmol. 1997; 41:461-466.
9. Balali-Mood M, Hefazi M, Mahmoudi M, Jalali E, Attaran D, Maleki M, Razavi ME, Zare G, Tabatabaee A, Jaafari MR. Longterm complications of sulphur mustard poisoning in severely intoxicated Iranian veterans. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2005; 19:713-721. (Pubitemid 43822007)
10. Dacre JC, Goldman M. Toxicology and pharmacology of the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard. Pharmacol Rev. 1996; 48:289-326.
11. Khateri S, Ghanei M, Keshavarz S, Soroush M, Haines D. Incidence of lung, eye, and skin lesions as late complications in 34,000 Iranians with wartime exposure to mustard agent. J Occup Environ Med. 2003; 45:1136-1143.
12. Lin PY, Cheng CY, Hsu WM, Tsai SY, Lin MW, Liu JH, Chou P. Association between symptoms and signs of dry eye among an elderly Chinese population in Taiwan: the Shihpai Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005; 46:1593-1598. (Pubitemid 44843591)
13. Yamada M, Mochizuki H, Kawai M, Tsubota K, Bryce TJ. Decreased tear lipocalin concentration in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005; 89:803-805.
14. Ghassemi-Broumand.M, Aslani J, Emadi SN. Delayed ocular, pulmonary, and cutaneous complications of mustards In patients In the city of Sardasht, Iran. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2008; 27(4):295-305.
15. Javadi MA, Yazdani S, Sajjadi H, Jadidi K, Karimian F, Einollahi B, Ja'farinasab MR, Zare M. Chronic and delayed-onset mustard gas keratitis: report of 48 patients and review of literature. Ophthalmology. 2005; 112:617-625. (Pubitemid 41108862)
16. Safaei A, Saluti R, Kumar PV. Conjunctival dysplasia in soldiers exposed to mustard gas during the Iraq-Iran War: scrape cytology. Acta Cytol. 2001; 45:909-913.
17. Safarinejad MR, Moosavi SA, Montazeri B. Ocular injuries caused by mustard gas: diagnosis, treatment, and medical defense. Mil Med. 2001; 166:67-70.
18. Javadi MA, Yazdani S, Kanavi MR, Mohammadpour M, Baradaran-Rafiee A, Jafarinasab MR, Einollahi B, Karimian F, Zare M, Naderi M, Rabei HM. Long-term outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty in chronic and delayed mustard gas keratitis. Cornea. 2007; 26:1074-1078.
19. Richter MN, Wachtlin J, Bechrakis NE, Hoffmann F. Keratoplasty after mustard gas injury: clinical outcome and histology. Cornea. 2006; 25:467-469.
20. Pleyer U, Sherif Z, Baatz H, Hartmann C. Delayed mustard gas keratopathy: clinical findings and confocal microscopy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999; 128:506-507.
21. Etezad-Razavi M, Mahmoudi M, Hefazi M, Balali-Mood M. Delayed ocular complications of mustard gas poisoning and the relationship with respiratory and cutaneous complications. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2006; 34:342-346.
22. Ghazanfari T, Faghihzadeh S, Aragizadeh H, Soroush MR, Yaraee R, Zuhair MH, Foroutan A, Vaez Mahdavi MR, Javadi MA, Moaiedmohseni S, Azizi F, Panahi Y, Mostafaie A, Ghasemi H, Shams J, Pourfarzam S, Jalali Nadoushan MR, Fallahi F, Ebtekar M, Davoudi SM, Ghazanfari Z, Ardestani SK, Shariat- Panahi S, Moin A, Rezaei A, Karimnia A, Ajdari S, Mahmoudi M, Roshan R, Ghaderi S, Babai M, Naghizadeh MM, Ghanei M, the Sardasht-Iran Cohort Study Research Group. Sardasht-Iran Cohort Study of Chemical Warfare Victims: design and methods. Arch Iran Med. 2009; 12:5-14.
23. Ghasemi H, Ghazanfari T, Babaei M, Soroush M, Yaraee R, Ghassemi-Broumand M, Javadi MA, Foroutan A, Vaez Mahdavi MR, Shams J, Pourfarzam S, Moaiedmohseni S, Jalali Nadoushan MR, Owlia P, Panahi Y, Hassan Z, Faghihzadeh S. Long-term ocular complications of sulfur mustard in the civilian victims of Sardasht, Iran. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2008; 27(4):317-326.
24. Ghassemi-Broumand M, Karami G, Pourfarzam S, Emadi S, Ghasemi H. Delayed ophthalmic, respiratory, cutaneous and psychiatric complications of chemical warfare agents on 479 war veterans. Daneshvar Med. 2007; 70:81-92.
25. Vidan A, Luria S, Eisenkraft A, Hourvitz A. Ocular injuries following sulfur mustard exposure: clinical characteristics and treatment. Isr Med Assoc J. 2002; 4:577-578.
26. Kadivar H, Adams SC. Treatment of chemical and biological warfare injuries: insights derived from the 1984 Iraqi attack on Majnoon Island. Mil Med. 1991; 156:171-177.
27. Ghassemi-Broumand M, Agin K, Kangari H. The delayed ocular and pulmonary complications of mustard gas. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2004; 23:293-302.