Effect of exercise on glutamine metabolism in macrophages of trained rats

European Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 107, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 309-315

  dos Santos, Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli ^a   Caperuto, Érico Chagas ^b   de Mello, Marco Túlio ^a   Costa Rosa, Luis Fernando Bicudo Pereira ^b  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Exhaustive training; Glutamine; Macrophage; Macrophage function; Moderate exercise

Indexed keywords

ASPARTIC ACID; GLUTAMINE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE;

AMINO ACID METABOLISM; AMINO ACID TRANSPORT; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BODY WEIGHT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECARBOXYLATION; EXERCISE; EXERCISE INTENSITY; EXHAUSTION; MACROPHAGE FUNCTION; NONHUMAN; PHAGOCYTOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SWIMMING;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMALS; ASPARTIC ACID; EXERCISE TEST; FATIGUE; GLUTAMIC ACID; GLUTAMINE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; MACROPHAGES, PERITONEAL; PHAGOCYTOSIS; PHYSICAL CONDITIONING, ANIMAL; RATS; RATS, WISTAR; REST; SWIMMING;

EID: 70349745320     PISSN: 14396319     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1130-6     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Ardawi MS, Newsholme EA (1983) Glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes of the rat. Biochem J 212:835-842
2. Bassit RA, Sawada LA, Bacurau RF et al (2000) The effect of BCAA supplementation upon the immune response of triathletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32:1214-1219
3. Bergmeyer HU, Bernt E, Mölering HG (1974) L-Aspartate and L-asparagine. In: Bergmeyer HU et al (eds) Methods of enzimatic analysis. Academic Press, London, pp 1196-1201
4. Bernet E, Bergmeyer HU (1974) L-Glutamate UV-assay glutamate dehydrogenase and NAD. In: Bergmeyer HU (ed) Methods of enzymatic analysis. Academic Press, London, pp 1704-1708
5. Castell LM (2002) Can glutamine modify the apparent immunodepression observed after prolonged, exhaustive exercise? Nutrition 18:371-375
6. Castell L (2003) Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo, in exercise and in immunodepression. Sports Med 33:323-345
7. Castell LM, Poortmans JR, Newsholme EA (1996) Does glutamine have a role in reducing infections in athletes? Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 73:488-490
8. Costa Rosa LF (2004) Exercise as a time-conditioning effector in chronic disease: A complementary treatment strategy. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 1:63-70
9. Costa Rosa LF, Safi DA, Cury Y et al (1996) The effect of insulin on macrophage metabolism and function. Cell Biochem Funct 14:33-42
10. Cunha WD, Friedler G, Vaisberg M et al (2003) Immunosuppression in undernourished rats: The effect of glutamine supplementation. Clin Nutr 22:453-457
11. De La Fuente M, Martin MI, Ortega E (1990) Changes in the phagocytosis function of peritoneal macrophages from old mice after strenuous physical exercise. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 13:189-198
12. De La Fuente M, Martin MI, Ortega E (1993) Effect of physical exercise n the phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophage from Swiss mice. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 16:29-37
13. Dos Santos Cunha WD, Giampietro MV, De Souza DF et al (2004) Exercise restores immune cell function in energy-restricted rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36:2059-2064
14. Fehr HG, Lotzerich H, Michna H (1988) The influence of physical exercise on peritoneal macrophages functions: Histochemical and phagocytic studies. Int J Sports Med 9:77-81
15. Forner MA, Barriga C, Rodriguez AB et al (1995) A study of the role of corticosterone as a mediator in exercise-induced stimulation of murine macrophage phagocytosis. J Physiol 488:789-794
16. Gobatto CA, Mello MAR, Sibuya CY et al (2001) Maximal lactate steady state in rats submitted to swimming exercise. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 130:21-27
17. Hiscock N, Pedersen BK (2002) Exercise-induced immunodepression: Plasma glutamine is not the link. J Appl Physiol 93:813-822
18. Koyama K, Kaya M, Tsujita J et al (1998) Effects of decreased plasma glutamine concentrations on peripheral lymphocyte proliferation in rats. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup 77:25-31
19. Mackinnon LT (2000) Special feature for the Olympics: Effects of exercise on the immune system: Overtraining effects on immunity and performance in athletes. Immunol Cell Biol 78:502-509
20. Martins E Jr, Fernandes LC, Bartol I et al (1998) The effect of melatonin chronic treatment upon macrophage and lymphocyte metabolism and function in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats. J Neuroimmunol 82:81-89
21. Mitchell JB, Paquet AJ, Pizza FX et al (1996) The effect of moderate aerobic training on lymphocyte proliferation. Int J Sports Med 17:384-389
22. Newsholme EA, Calder PC (1997) The proposed role of glutamine in some cells of the immune system and speculative consequence for the whole animal. Nutrition 13:728-730
23. Newsholme EA, Crabtree B, Ardawi MSM (1985) Glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes: Its biochemical, physiological and clinical importance. Quart J Exp Physiol 70:473-489
24. Newsholme P, Gordon S, Newsholme EA (1987) Rates of utilization and fates of glucose, glutamine, pyruvate, fatty acids and ketone bodies by mouse macrophages. Biochem J 242:631-636
25. Newsholme P, Costa Rosa LF, Newsholme EA et al (1996) The importance of fuel metabolism to macrophage function. Cell Biochem Funct 14:1-10
26. Nielsen HB (2003) Lymphocyte responses to maximal exercise: A physiological perspective. Sports Med 33:853-867
27. Nieman DC (2000) Special feature for the Olympics: Effects of exercise on the immune system: Exercise effects on systemic immunity. Immunol Cell Biol 78:496-501
28. Nieman DC (2007) Marathon training and immune function. Sports Med 37:412-415
29. Nieman DC, Pedersen BK (1999) Exercise and immune function. Recent developments. Sports Med 27:73-80
30. Ortega E (2003) Neuroendocrine mediators in the modulation of phagocytosis by exercise: Physiological implications. Exerc Immunol Rev 9:70-93
31. Ortega E, Rodriguez MJ, Barriga C et al (1996) Corticosterone, prolactin and thyroid hormones as hormonal mediators of the stimulated phagocytic capacity of peritoneal macrophages after high-intensity exercise. Int J Sports Med 17:149-155
32. Ortega E, Marchena JM, García JJ et al (2001) Phagocytic function in cyclists: Correlation with catecholamines and cortisol. J Appl Physiol 91:1067-1072
33. Ortega E, Marchena JM, García JJ et al (2005) Norepinephrine as mediator in the stimulation of phagocytosis induced by moderate exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 93:714-718
34. Parry-Billings M, Budgett R, Koutedakis Y et al (1992) Plasma amino acid concentrations in the overtraining syndrome: Possible effects on the immune system. Med Sci Sports Exerc 24:1353-1358
35. Pedersen BK, Toft AD (2000) Effects of exercise on lymphocytes and cytokines. Br J Sports Med 34:246-251
36. Peijie C, Hongwu L, Fengpeng X et al (2003) Heavy load exercise induced dysfunction of immunity and neuroendocrine responses in rats. Life Sci 72:2255-2262
37. Pick E, Mizel D (1981) Rapid microassays for the measurement of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production by macrophages in culture using an automatic enzyme immunoassay reader. J Immunol Methods 46:211-226
38. Rowbottom DG, Keast D, Godlman C et al (1995) The haematological, biochemical and immunological profile of athletes: Suffering from the overtraining syndrome. Eur J Appl Physiol 70:502-509
39. Rowbottom DG, Keast D, Morton AR (1996) The emerging role of glutamine as an indicator of exercise stress and overtraining. Sports Med 21:80-97
40. Stout RD, Suttles J (2005) Immunosenescence and macrophage functions plasticity: Dysregulation of macrophage function by age-associated microenvironmental changes. Immunol Rev 205:66-71
41. Sugiura H, Sugiura H, Nishida H et al (2001) Effects of different durations of exercise on macrophage functions in mice. J Appl Physiol 90:789-794
42. Sugiura H, Nishida H, Sugiura H et al (2002) Immunomodulatory action of chronic exercise on macrophage and lymphocyte cytokine production in mice. Eur J Appl Physiol 174:247-256
43. Walsh NP, Blannin AK, Robson PJ et al (1998) Glutamine, exercise and immune function: Links and possible mechanisms. Sports Med 26:177-189
44. Windmueller HG, Spaeth AE (1974) Uptake and metabolism of plasma glutamine by the small intestine. J Biol Chem 249:5070-5079
45. Woods JA, Davis JM, Mayer EP et al (1994) Effects of exercise on macrophage activation for antitumor cytotoxicity. J Appl Physiol 76:2177-2185
46. Woods JA, Vieira VJ, Keylock KT (2006) Exercise, inflammation, and innate immunity. Neurol Clin 24:585-599