Performance of humans vs. exploration algorithms on the Tower of London Test

PLoS ONE

Volumn 4, Issue 9, 2009, Pages

  Fimbel, Eric ^a,c   Lauzon, Stéphane ^b   Rainville, Constant ^c,d  

^a TECNALIA RESEARCH AND INNOVATION   (Spain)

^b ÉCOLE DE TECHNOLOGIE SUPÉRIEURE   (Canada)

^c Institut Universitaire de Gériatriede Montréal   (Canada)

^d CENTRE FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN REHABILITATION OF GREATER MONTREAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MEMORY; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; NORMAL HUMAN; PROBLEM SOLVING; VISUOMOTOR COORDINATION; VOLUNTEER; ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR; COMPUTER LANGUAGE; COMPUTER PROGRAM; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; REACTION TIME;

AGED; ALGORITHMS; ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR; COGNITION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MEMORY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PROBLEM SOLVING; PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES; REACTION TIME; SOFTWARE;

EID: 70349678647     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007263     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Shallice T (1982) Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 298: 199-209.
2. Morris R, Evenden J, Sahakian B, Robbins T (1987) Computer-aided assessment of dementia: Comparative studies of neuropsychological deficits in Alzheimer-type dementia and Parkinson's disease. In: Stahal S, Iversen S, Goodman E, eds (1987) Cognitive neurochemistry (pp 21-36). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
3. Berg WK, Byrd DL (2002) The Tower of London Spatial Problem solving Task: Enhancing Clinical and Research Implementation. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 24(5): 586-604.
4. Kaller CP, Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Halsband U (2004) The impact of problem structure on planning: insights from the Tower of London task. Cognitive Brain Research 20: 462-472.
5. Carder HP, Handley SJ, Perfect TJ (2004) Deconstructing the Tower of London: Alternative moves and conflict resolution as predictors of task performance. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 57A(8): 1459-1483.
6. Fimbel EJ (2009) Problem Space of the Tower of London Test. Available: http://tolspace.googlepages.com/. Accessed 04/02/2009.
7. Newell A, Simon HA (1972) Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice Hall. pp 920.
8. Sussman GJ (1975) A computational model of skill acquisition. New York: Elsevier.
9. Rainville C, Amieva H, Lafont S, Dartigues J-F, Orgogozo J-M, et al. (2002) Executive function deficits in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type. A study with a Tower of London task. Annals of Clinical Neuropsychology 17: 513-530.
10. Cormen TH, Leiserson CF, Rivest RJ (2001) Introduction to Algorithms - 2nd. edition. Cambridge, MA.: MIT Press, McGraw Hill. pp 1180.
11. Miller G (1956) The magical number seven - plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological review 63: 81-97.
12. Miller EK, Li L, Desimone R (1991) A neural mechanism for working and recognition memory in inferior temporal cortex. Science 254(5036): 1377-1379.
13. Hogg T, Huberman BA, Williams CP (1996) Phase transitions and the search problem. Artificial Intelligence 81: 1-15.
14. Brassard G, Bratley P (1996) Fundamentals of Algorithms. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. pp 524.
15. Hayes-Roth B, Hayes-Roth F (1979) A cognitive model of planning. Cognitive Science 3: 275-310.
16. Phillips LH, Wynn VE, McPherson S, Gilhooly KJ (2001) Mental planning and the Tower of London task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 54(2): 579-597.
17. Garson GD (2008) Correlation. from Statnotes: Topics in Multivariate Analysis. Available: http://www2.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/pa765/ statnote.htm. Accessed: 04/02/2009.
18. Kotovsky K, Hayes JR, Simon HA (1985) Why Are Some Problems Hard? Evidence from Tower of Hanoi. Cognitive Psychology 17: 248-294.
19. Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Leonhart R, Ruff CC, Halsband U (2003) The Tower of London: the impact of instructions, cueing, and learning on planning abilities. Cognitive Brain Research 17: 675-683.
20. Luciana M, Nelson CA (1998) The functional emergence of prefrontally-guided working memory systems in four-to-eight-year-old children. Neuropsychologia 36(3): 273-293.
21. Phillips LH, Smith L, Gilhooly KJ (2002) The effects of adult aging and induced positive and negative mood on planning. Emotion 2(3): 263-272.
22. Saling LL, Phillips JG (2007) Automatic behaviour: Efficient, not mindless. Brain Research Bulletin 73: 1-20.
23. Schneider W, Shiffrin RM (1977) Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search and attention. Psychological Review 84: 1-66.
24. Shiffrin RM, Schneider W (1977) Controlled and automatic information processing: II. Perception, learning, automatic attending and a general theory. Psychological Review 84: 127-190.
25. Ackerman PL (1988) Determinants of individual differences during skill acquisition: cognitive abilities and information processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 117(3): 288-318.
26. Ackerman PL, Cianciolo AT (2000) Cognitive, Perceptual-Speed, and Psychomotor Determinants of Individual Differences During Skill Acquisition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 6(4): 259-290.
27. Card SK, Moran TP, Newell A (1983) The psychology of human-computer interactions. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
28. Beauchamp MH, Dagher A, Aston JAD, Doyon J (2003) Dynamic functional changes associated with cognitive skill of an adapted version of the Tower of London task. Neuroimage 20: 1649-1660.
29. Hodgson TL, Bajwa A, Owen AM, Kennard C (2000) The Strategic Control of Gaze Direction in the Tower of London Task. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 12 (5): 894-907.
30. Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Kaller CP, Leonhart R, Quiske K, et al. (2004) Planning Abilities and the Tower of London: Is This Task Measuring a Discrete Cognitive Function? Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 26(6): 846-856.
31. Anzai Y, Simon H (1979) The theory of learning by doing. Psychological Review 86: 124-140.
32. Dijkstra EW (1959) A Note on Two Problems in Connexion with Graphs. Numerische Mathematik 1: 269-271.
33. Churchland PS, Sejnowski TJ (1992) The Computational Brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. pp 544.
34. Marr D (1982) Vision. N.Y.: Freeman. 397 p.