Inter- and intrapersonal processes underlying authoritarianism: The role of social conformity and personal need for structure

European Journal of Personality

Volumn 23, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 607-621

  Jugert, Philipp ^a   Christopher Cohrs, J ^a   Duckitt, John ^b  

^a FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Openness to experience; Personal need for structure; Right wing authoritarianism; Social conformity

Indexed keywords

EID: 70349567979     PISSN: 08902070     EISSN: 10990984     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/per.735     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Adorno, T. W., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D. J., & Sanford, R. N. (1950). The authoritarian personality. New York: Harper.
2. Akrami, N., & Ekehammar, B. (2006). Right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orien-tation: Their roots in big-five personality factors and facets. Journal of Individual Differences, 27, 117-126.
3. Altemeyer, B. (1981). Right-wing authoritarianism. Winnipeg: The University of Manitoba Press.
4. Altemeyer, B. (1988). Enemies of freedom: Understanding right-wing authoritarianism. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.
5. Altemeyer, B. (1996). The authoritarian specter. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
6. Altemeyer, B. (1998). The other "authoritarian personality". In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 30, pp. 47-91). San Diego: Academic Press.
7. Asendorpf, J. B., & van Aken, M. A. G. (2003). Personality-relationship transaction in adolescence: Core versus surface personality characteristics. Journal of Personality, 71, 629-666.
8. Cattell, R. B. (1966). The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behaviorial Research, 1, 245-276.
9. Cohrs, J. C., & Asbrock, F. (2009). Right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and prejudice against threatening and competitive ethnic groups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 270-289.
10. Cohrs, J. C., Maes, J., Moschner, B., & Kielmann, S. (2007). Determinants of human rights attitudes and behavior: A comparison and integration of psychological perspectives. Political Psychology, 28,441-469.
11. Cornelis, I., & Van Hiel, A. (2006). The impact of cognitive styles on authoritarianism based conservatism and racism. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 28, 37-50.
12. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO five factor inventory. Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
13. Cunningham, W. A., Nezlek, J. B., & Banaji, M. R. (2004). Implicit and explicit ethnocentrism: Revisiting the ideologies of prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1332-1346.
14. DeYoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., & Peterson, J. B. (2007). Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the big five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 880-896.
15. Doty, R. M., Peterson, B. E., & Winter, D. G. (1991). Threat and authoritarianism in the United States. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 629-640.
16. Duckitt, J. (2001). A dual-process cognitive-motivational theory of ideology and prejudice. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 33, pp. 41-113). San Diego: Academic Press.
17. Duckitt, J., & Bizumic, B. (2009). A tripartite model of authoritarian attitudes: The authoritarianismconservatism-traditionalism model. Manuscript submitted for publication.
18. Duckitt, J., & Fisher, K. (2003). The impact of social threat on world view and ideological attitudes. Political Psychology, 24, 199-222.
19. Duckitt, J., & Sibley, C. (2009). A dual process model of ideological attitudes and system justification. In J. T. Jost, A. C. Kay, & H. Thorisdottir (Eds.), Social and psychological bases of ideology and system justification (pp. 292-313). New York: Oxford University Press.
20. Duckitt, J., Wagner, C., du Plessis, I., & Birum, I. (2002). The psychological bases of ideology and prejudice: Testing a dual process model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 75-93.
21. Ekehammar, B., & Akrami, N. (2007). Personality and prejudice: From big five personality factors to facets. Journal of Personality, 75, 899-925.
22. Ekehammar, B., Akrami, N., Gylje, M., & Zakrisson, I. (2004). What matters most to prejudice: Big five personality, social dominance orientation, or right-wing authoritarianism. European Journal of Personality, 18, 463-482.
23. Funke, F. (2005). The dimensionality of right-wing authoritarianism: Lessons from the dilemma between theory and measurement. Political Psychology, 26, 195-218.
24. Goldberg, L. R. (1993). The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologist, 48, 26-34.
25. Heaven, P. C. L., & Bucci, S. (2001). Right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation and personality: An analysis using the IPIP measure. European Journal of Personality, 15, 49-56.
26. Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003). Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 339-375.
27. Jugert, P., & Duckitt, J. (2009). A motivational model of authoritarianism: Integrating personal and situational determinants. Political Psychology, 30, 693-719.
28. Jugert, P., & Hiemisch, A. (2005). Terrorismusbedrohung und sozial-kognitive Motive als Prädik-toren von konservativen Einstellungen. Zeitschrift fur Politische Psychologie, 13, 137-158.
29. Kessler, T., & Cohrs, J. C. (2008). The evolution of authoritarian processes: Fostering cooperation in large-scale groups. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 12, 73-84.
30. Kossowska, M., & Van Hiel, A. (2003). The relationship between need for closure and conservative beliefs in Western and Eastern Europe. Political Psychology, 24, 501-518.
31. Lippa, R., & Arad, S. (1999). Gender, personality, and prejudice: The display of authoritarianism and social dominance in interviews with college men and women. Journal of Research in Personality, 33,463-493.
32. Machunsky, M., & Meiser, T. (2006). Personal Need for Structure als differenzialpsychologisches Konstrukt in der Sozialpsychologie: Psychometrische Analyse und Validierung einer deutschsprachigen PNS-Skala. Zeitschrift fur Sozialpsychologie, 37, 87-97.
33. McCann, S. J. (1999). Threatening times and fluctuations in American church memberships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 325-336.
34. McCrae, R. R. (1996). Social consequences of experiential openness. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 323-337.
35. Neuberg, S. L., & Newsom, J. T. (1993). Personal need for structure: Individual differences in the desire for simpler structure. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 65, 113-131.
36. Ostendorf, F. (1996). The structure of attitudes and its relation to the Big-Five factors of personality. Paper presented at the 26th International Congress of Psychology, Montréal, Canada, 16-22 August.
37. Ostendorf, F., & Angleitner, A. (2004). NEO-Personlichkeitsinventar nach Costa und McCrae, revidierte Fassung (NEO-PI-R). Gottingen: Hogrefe.
38. Parkins, I. S., Fishbein, H. D., & Ritchey, P. N. (2006). The influence of personality on workplace bullying and discrimination. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 2554-2577.
39. Petersen, L.-E., & Dietz, J. (2000). Social discrimination in a personnel selection context: The effects of an authority's instruction to discriminate and followers' authoritarianism. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 206-220.
40. Pettigrew, T. F.(1999). Placing authoritarianism in social context. Politics, Groups, and the Individual, 8, 5-20.
41. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891.
42. Reips, U.-D. (2001). The web experimental psychology lab: Five years of data collection on the internet. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 33, 201-211.
43. Rokeach, M. (1960). The open and closed mind. New York: Free Press.
44. Sales, S. M. (1972). Economic threat as a determinant of conversion rates in authoritarian and nonauthoritarian churches. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23, 420-428.
45. Saucier, G. (1994). Separating description and evaluation in the structure of personality attributes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 141-154.
46. Schafer, J. (1997). Analysis of incomplete multivariate data. London: Chapman & Hall.
47. Schultz, P. W., & Searleman, A. (2002). Rigidity of thought and behavior: 100 years of research. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 128, 165-207.
48. Schultz, P. W., Stone, W. F., & Christie, R. (1997). Authoritarianism and mental rigidity: The Einstellung problem revisited. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 3-9.
49. Sibley, C., & Duckitt, J. (2008). Personality and prejudice: A meta-analysis and theoretical review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12, 248-279.
50. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
51. Van Hiel, A., Cornelis, I., & Roets, A. (2007). The intervening role of social worldviews in the relationship between the five-factor Model of personality and social attitudes. European Journal of Personality, 21, 131-148.
52. Van Hiel, A., Cornelis, I., Roets, A., & De Clercq, B. (2007). A comparison of various authoritarianism scales in Belgian flanders. European Journal of Personality, 21, 149-168.
53. Van Hiel, A., De Cremer, D., & Stouten, J. (2008). The personality basis of justice: The five-factor model as an integrative model of personality and procedural fairness effects on cooperation. European Journal of Personality, 22, 519-539.
54. Van Hiel, A., Kossowska, M., & Mervielde, I. (2000). The relationship between openness to experience and political ideology. Personality & Individual Differences, 28, 741-751.
55. Van Hiel, A., & Mervielde, I. (2004). Openness to experience and boundaries in the mind: relationships with cultural and economic conservative beliefs. Journal of Personality, 72, 659-686.
56. Van Hiel, A., Pandelaere, M., & Duriez, B. (2004). The impact of need for closure on conservative beliefs and racism: Differential mediation by authoritarian submission and authoritarian dominance. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 824-837.
57. Webster, D. M., & Kruglanski, A. W. (1994). Individual differences in need for cognitive closure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1049-1062.
58. Webster, D. M., & Kruglanski, A. W. (1998). Cognitive and social consequences of the need for cognitive closure. European Review of Social Psychology, 8, 133-173.
59. Whitley, B. E. Jr., (1999). Right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 126-134.