Validating the existence of Vaalbara in the Neoarchean

Precambrian Research

Volumn 174, Issue 1-2, 2009, Pages 145-154

  de Kock, Michiel O ^a   Evans, David A D ^b   Beukes, Nicolas J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG   (South Africa)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Continental Reconstruction; Kaapvaal; Neoarchean; Paleomagnetism; Pilbara

Indexed keywords

ARCHEAN; BASIN; PALEOGEOGRAPHY; PALEOMAGNETISM; PRECAMBRIAN; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; SUPERCONTINENT;

AFRICA; AUSTRALASIA; AUSTRALIA; KAAPVAAL CRATON; PILBARA BLOCK; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WESTERN AUSTRALIA;

EID: 70349298333     PISSN: 03019268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.precamres.2009.07.002     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Armstrong R.A., Compston W., Retief E.A., Williams I.S., and Welke H.J. Zircon ion microprobe studies bearing on the age and evolution of the Witwatersrand triad. Precambrian Research 53 (1991) 243-266
2. Barton J.M.J., Blignaut E., Salnikova E.B., and Kotov A.B. The stratigraphical position of the Buffelsfontein Group based on field relationships and chemical and geochronological data. South African Journal of Geology 98 (1995) 386-392
3. Beukes N.J. Facies relations, depositional environments and diagenesis in a major Early Proterozoic stromatolitic carbonate platform to basinal sequence, Campbellrand Subgroup, Transvaal Supergroup, Southern Africa. Sedimentary Geology 54 (1987) 1-46
4. Beukes N.J., Dorland H.C., Gutzmer J., Nedachi M., and Ohmoto H. Tropical laterites, life on land, and the history of atmospheric oxygen in the Paleoproterozoic. Geology 30 6 (2002) 491-494
5. Blake T.S., Buick R., Brown S.J.A., and Barley M.E. Geochronology of a Late Archaean flood basalt province in the Pilbara Craton, Australia: constraints on basin evolution, volcanic and sedimentary accumulation, and continental drift rates. Precambrian Research 133 (2004) 143-173
6. Boger S.D., Wilson C.J.L., and Fanning C.M. Early Paleozoic tectonism within the East Antarctic craton: the final suture between east and west Gondwana?. Geology 29 (2001) 463-466
7. Buick I.S., Maas R., and Gibson R. Precise U-Pb titanite age constraints on the emplacement of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Journal of the Geological Society, London 158 (2001) 3-6
8. Button A. Transvaal and Hamersley Basins-review of basin development and mineral deposits. Minerals Science and Engineering 8 (1979) 262-290
9. Cheney E.S. Evolution of the "Southwestern" continental margin of Vaalbara, Extended Abstracts Geocongress'90 (1990), Geological Society of South Africa, Cape Town pp. 88-91
10. Cheney E.S. Sequence stratigraphy and plate tectonic significance of the Transvaal succession of southern Africa and its equivalent in Western Australia. Precambrian Research 79 (1996) 3-24
11. Cogné J.P. PaleoMac: a Macintosh (application for reconstructions. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 4 (2003) 1007 10.1029/2001GC000227
12. Collins A.S., and Pisarevsky S.A. Amalgamating eastern Gondwana: the evolution of the Circum-Indian Orogens. Earth-Science Reviews 71 (2005) 229-270
13. Crow C., and Condie K.C. Geochemistry and origin of late Archean volcanics from the Ventersdorp Supergroup, South Africa. Precambrian Research 42 1-2 (1988) 19-37
14. Council for Geoscience. Geological Map of the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdoms of Leshoto and Swaziland (1997), Council for Geoscience, Pretoria 1:1 000 000
15. De Beers. Aeromagnetic map. In: Ayers N.P., Hatton C.J., Quadling K.E., and Smith C.D. (Eds). Update on the Distribution in Time and Space of Southern African Kimberlites (1998)
16. de Kock, M.O., 2007. Paleomagnetism of selected Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic cover sequences on the Kaapvaal craton and implications for Vaalbara. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 276 pp.
17. de Kock M.O., Evans D.A.D., Dorland H.C., Beukes N.J., and Gutzmer J. Paleomagnetism of the lower two unconformity-bounded sequences of the Waterberg Group, South Africa: towards a better-defined apparent polar wander path for the Paleoproterozoic Kaapvaal Craton. South African Journal of Geology 109 1 (2006) 157-182
18. In: de Kock M.O., Evans D.A.D., Gutzmer J., Beukes N.J., and Dorland H.C. (Eds). Origin and Timing of BIF-hosted High-grade Hard Hematite Deposits-A Paleomagnetic Approach. BIF-related High-grade Iron Mineralization, Reviews in Economic Geology vol. 15 (2008), Society for Economic Geologists 49-71
19. de Kock M.O., Evans D.A.D., Kirschvink J.L., Beukes N.J., Rose E., and Hilburn I. Paleomagnetism of a Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic carbonate ramp and carbonate platform succession (Transvaal Supergroup) from surface outcrop and drill core, Griqualand West region, South Africa. Precambrian Research 169 (2009) 80-99
20. Eglington B.M., and Armstrong R.A. The Kaapvaal Craton and adjacent orogens, southern Africa: a geochronological database and overview of the geological development of the craton. South African Journal of Geology 107 (2004) 13-32
21. England G.L., et al. SHRIMP U-Pb ages of diagenetic and hydrothermal xenotime from the Archean Witwatersrand Supergroup of South Africa. Terra Nova 13 (2001) 360-367
22. Evans D.A., Beukes N.J., and Kirschvink J.L. Low-latitude glaciation in the Palaeoproterozoic era. Nature 386 (1997) 262-266
23. Evans D.A.D., Beukes N.J., and Kirschvink J.L. Paleomagnetism of a lateritic paleoweathering horizon and overlying Paleoproterozoic red beds from South Africa: implications for the Kaapvaal apparent polar wander path and a confirmation of atmospheric oxygen enrichment. Journal of Geophysical Research 107 No. BN12, 2326 (2002) 10.1029/2001JB000432
24. Evans D.A.D., and Pisarevsky S.A. Plate tectonics on the early Earth?-weighing the paleomagnetic evidence. In: Condie K., and Pease V. (Eds). When did Plate Tectonics Begin? (2008), Geological Society of America 249-263
25. Evans M.E., and McElhinny M.W. The Paleomagnetism of the Modipe Gabbro. Journal of Geophysical Research 70 (1966) 6053-6063
26. Fitzsimons I.C.W. Grenville-age basement provinces in East Antarctica: evidence for three seperate collisional orogens. Geology 28 (2000) 879-882
27. Geological Survey Department Lobatse, 1984. Geological Map of the Republic of Botswana, 1: 1000 000.
28. Grobler D.F., and Walraven F. Geochronology of Gabarone Granite Complex extensions in the area north of Mafikeng, South Africa. Chemical Geology 105 (1993) 319-337
29. Hanson R.E., et al. Coeval large-scale magmatism in the Kalahari and Laurentian cratons during Rodinia assembly. Science 304 (2004) 1126-1129
30. Henthorn, D.I., 1972. Paleomagnetism of the Witwatersrand Triad Republic of South Africa and related topics. Unpublished PhD Thesis, The University of Leeds, 103 pp.
31. Jacobs J., and Thomas R.J. Himalayan-type indenter-escape tectonics model for the south part of the late Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic East African-Antarctic orogen. Geology 32 (2004) 721-724
32. Jones C.H. User-driven integrated software lives: "Paleomag" Paleomagnetic analysis on the Macintosh™. Computers and Geosciences 28 (2002) 1145-1151
33. Jones D.L., Walford M.E.R., and Gifford A.C. A paleomagnetic result from the Ventersdorp Lavas of South Africa. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2 (1967) 155-158
34. Jones D.L., Bates M.P., Li Z.X., Corner B., and Hodgkinson G. Palaeomagnetic results from the ca. 1130 Ma Borgmassivet intrusions in the Ahlmannryggen region of Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, and tectonic implications. Tectonophysics 375 (2003) 247-260
35. Kamo S.L., Reimold W.U., Krogh T.E., and Colliston W.P. A 2.023 Ga age for the Vredefort impact event and a first report of shock metmorphosed zircons in pseudotachylitic breccias and granophyre. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 144 (1996) 369-387
36. Kaufman A.J., et al. Late Archean biospheric oxygenation and atmospheric evolution. Science 317 (2007) 1900-1903
37. Kirschvink J.L. The least squares line and plane and the analysis of palaeomagnetic data. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 62 (1980) 699-718
38. Krapez B., Barley M.E., and Pickard A.L. Hydrothermal and resedimented origin of the precursor sediments to banded iron formation: sedimentological evidence from the Early Paleoproterozoic Brockman Supersequence of Western Australia. Sedimentology 50 (2003) 979-1011
39. Layer P.W., Kröner A., McWilliams M., and Clauer N. Regional magnetic overprinting of Witwatersrand Supergroup sediments, South Africa. Journal of Geophysical Research 93 B3 (1988) 2191-2200
40. Maier W.D., Peltonen P., Grantham G., and Mänttäri I. A new 1.9 Ga age for the Trompsburg intrusion, South Africa. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 212 (2003) 351-360
41. McConchie D. A depositional environment for the Hamersley Group: palaeogeography and geochemistry. In: Muhling J.R., Groves D.I., and Blake T.S. (Eds). Archean & Proterozoic Basins of the Pilbara, Western Australia: Evolution & Mineralization Potential (1984), University Extention, The University of Western Australia, Nedlans, Western Australia 144-195
42. Meert J.G. A synopsis of events related to the assembly of eastern Gondwana. Tectonophysics 362 (2003) 1-40
43. Mondal S., Piper J.D.A., Hunt I., Banyopadhyay G., and Basu Mallik S. Palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic study of charnockites from Tamil Nadu, India, and the 'Ur' protocontinent in Early Palaeoproterozoic times. Journal of Asian Earth Science 34 (2009) 493-506
44. Moore M., Davis D.W., Robb L.J., Jackson M.C., and Grobler D.F. Archean rapakivi granite-anorthosite-rhyolite complex in the Witwatersrand basin hinterland, southern Africa. Geology 21 (1993) 1031-1034
45. Morris R.C., and Horwitz R.C. The origin of the iron-formation-rich Hamersley Group of Western Australia-deposition on a platform. Precambrian Research 21 (1983) 273-297
46. Mukherjee A., and Das S. Anorthosites, granulites and the supercontinent cycle. Gondwana Research 5 1 (2002) 147-156
47. Müller S.G., Krapez B., Barley M.E., and Fletcher I.R. Giant iron-ore deposits of the Hamersley province related to the breakup of Paleoproterozoic Australia: new insights from in-situ SHRIMP dating of baddeleyite from mafic intrusions. Geology 33 7 (2005) 577-580
48. Nelson D.R., Trendall A.F., and Altermann W. Chronological correlations between the Pilbara and Kaapvaal cratons. Precambrian Research 97 (1999) 165-189
49. Nelson D.R., Trendall A.F., De Laeter J.R., Grobler N.J., and Fletcher I.R. A comparative study of the geochemical and isotopic systematics of late Archaean flood basalts from the Pilbara and Kaapvaal cratons. Precambrian Research 54 2-4 (1992) 231-256
50. Pickard A. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages for the Palaeoproterozoic Kuruman Iron Formation, Northern Cape Province, South Africa: evidence for simultaneous BIF deposition on Kaapvaal and Pilbara Cratons. Precambrian Research 125 (2003) 275-315
51. Poujol M., Kiefer R., Robb L.J., Anhaeusser C.R., and Armstrong R.A. New U-Pb data on zircons from the Amalia greenstone belt Southern Africa: insights into the Neoarchean evolution of the Kaapvaal Craton. South African Journal of Geology 108 3 (2005) 317-332
52. Poujol M., Robb L.J., Anhaeusser C.R., and Gericke B. A review of the geochronological constraints on the evolution of the Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. Precambrian Research 127 (2003) 181-213
53. Rogers J.J.W. A history of the continents in the past three billion years. The Journal of Geology 104 (1996) 91-107
54. Rogers J.J.W., and Santosh M. Supercontinents in earth history. Gondwana Research 6 3 (2003) 357-368
55. Schmitz M.D., Bowring S.A., De Wit M.J., and Gartz V. Subduction and terrane collosion stabilize the western Kaapvaal craton tectosphere 2.9 billion years ago. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 222 (2004) 363-376
56. Shipunov S.V., Muraviev A.A., and Bazhenov M. A new conglomerate test in palaeomagnetism. Geophysics Journal International 133 (1998) 721-725
57. Strik G., Blake T.S., Zegers T.E., White S.H., and Langereis C.G. Palaeomagnetism of flood basalt in the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia: late Archaean continental drift and the oldest known reversal of the geomagnetic field. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (2003) 10.1029/2003JB002475
58. Strik G., De Wit M.J., and Langereis C.G. Palaeomagnetism of the Neoarchaean Pongola and Ventersdorp Supergroups and an appraisal of the 3.0-1.9 Ga apparent polar wander path of the Kaapvaal Craton, Southern Africa. Precambrian Research 153 (2007) 96-115
59. Tauxe, L., Butler, R.F., Banerjee, S., Van der Voo, R., 2009. Essentials of Paleomagnetism. University of California, Berkeley.
60. Thorne A.M., and Trendall A.F. Geology of the Fortescue Group, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia, Bulletin 144 (2001), Western Australia Geological Survey 249 pp
61. Tinker J., De Wit M.J., and Grotzinger J. Seismic stratigraphic constraints on Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic evolution of the western margin of the Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 105 (2002) 107-134
62. Trendall A.F. Three great basins of Precambrian iron formation deposition: a systematic comparison. Geological Society of America Bulletin 79 (1968) 1527-1533
63. Tyler I.M. The Geology of the Sylvania Inlier and the Southeast Hamersly Basin. Bulletin vol. 138 (1991), Geological Survey of Western Australia, Perth 108 pp
64. Van der Voo R. The reliability of paleomagnetic data. Tectonophysics 184 (1990) 1-9
65. Van Kranendonk M.J., Smithies R.H., Hickman A.H., and Champion D.C. Review: secular tectonic evolution of Archean continental crust: interplay between horizontal and vertical processes in the formation of the Pilbara Craton, Australia. Terra Nova 19 (2007) 1-38
66. Wingate M.T.D. A palaeomagnetic test of the Kaapvaal-Pilbara (Vaalbara) connection at 2.78 Ga. South African Journal of Geology 101 4 (1998) 257-274
67. Wingate M.T.D. Ion microprobe baddeleyite and zircon ages for Late Archaean mafic dykes of the Pilbara craton, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 46 4 (1999) 493-500
68. Zegers T.E., De Wit M.J., Dann J., and White S.H. Vaalbara, Earth's oldest assembled continent? A combined structural, geochronological, and palaeomagnetic test. Terra Nova 10 (1998) 250-259
69. Zhao G., Sun M., Wilde S.A., Sanzhong L., and Jian Z. Some key issues in reconstructions of Proterozoic supercontinents. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 28 (2006) 3-19