-
2
-
-
0035714546
-
-
J. Farquhar, J. Savarino, S. Airieau, M. H. Thiemens, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 32829 (2001).
-
(2001)
J. Geophys. Res
, vol.106
, pp. 32829
-
-
Farquhar, J.1
Savarino, J.2
Airieau, S.3
Thiemens, M.H.4
-
5
-
-
34848898654
-
-
Details of the new scientific core, methods of analysis and calculations, a brief review of S isotope variations through the geological record, and time-series data from a broadly equivalent South African core are available (along with data tables) as supporting material on Science Online.
-
Details of the new scientific core, methods of analysis and calculations, a brief review of S isotope variations through the geological record, and time-series data from a broadly equivalent South African core are available (along with data tables) as supporting material on Science Online.
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
0033527055
-
-
R. E. Summons, L. L. Jahnke, J. M. Hope, G. A. Logan, Nature 400, 554 (1999).
-
(1999)
Nature
, vol.400
, pp. 554
-
-
Summons, R.E.1
Jahnke, L.L.2
Hope, J.M.3
Logan, G.A.4
-
7
-
-
0033551919
-
-
J. J. Brocks, G. A. Logan, R. Buick, R. E. Summons, Science 285, 1033 (1999).
-
(1999)
Science
, vol.285
, pp. 1033
-
-
Brocks, J.J.1
Logan, G.A.2
Buick, R.3
Summons, R.E.4
-
9
-
-
34848893987
-
-
A. D. Anbar et al., Science 317, 1903 (2007).
-
(2007)
Science
, vol.317
, pp. 1903
-
-
Anbar, A.D.1
-
10
-
-
9144245682
-
-
K. A. Baublys, S. D. Golding, E. Young, B. S. Kamber, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 18, 2765 (2004).
-
(2004)
Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom
, vol.18
, pp. 2765
-
-
Baublys, K.A.1
Golding, S.D.2
Young, E.3
Kamber, B.S.4
-
14
-
-
0025574063
-
-
N. J. Beukes, C. Klein, A. J. Kaufman, J. M. Hayes, Econ. Geol. 85, 663 (1990).
-
(1990)
Econ. Geol
, vol.85
, pp. 663
-
-
Beukes, N.J.1
Klein, C.2
Kaufman, A.J.3
Hayes, J.M.4
-
16
-
-
0042125824
-
-
J. J. Brocks, R. Buick, G. A. Logan, R. E. Summons, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67, 4289 (2003).
-
(2003)
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
, vol.67
, pp. 4289
-
-
Brocks, J.J.1
Buick, R.2
Logan, G.A.3
Summons, R.E.4
-
17
-
-
0346457225
-
-
A. Bekker et al., Nature 427, 117 (2004).
-
(2004)
Nature
, vol.427
, pp. 117
-
-
Bekker, A.1
-
18
-
-
34848857242
-
-
36S, respectively.
-
36S, respectively.
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
34848837535
-
-
33S = -0.54 (±0.17).
-
33S = -0.54 (±0.17).
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
34848849371
-
-
Atmospheric photochemistry is presently the only known mechanism that can account for the nonzero Δ33S data and their relationship to Δ36S values in the Archean record (1-4, 17, The principal source of S in the Archean atmosphere was volcanic (although biogenic sources may have also existed, Gas-phase photochemistry involving sulfur dioxide or sulfur monoxide has been shown in closed-cell photochemical experiments (2) to result in NMD sulfate (SO42, with negative, and in some cases positive, Δ33S values) and elemental S (S8, with positive Δ33S values, These reactions are sensitive to the wavelength of available ultraviolet radiation, and this parameter depends on, among other things, atmospheric O2 concentrations. The transfer pathways of S from the atmosphere to Earth's surface also depend on O2 concentration. An atmospheric model (4) cons
-
2, the two S reservoirs homogenize in the atmosphere, and the photochemical signal is not preserved.
-
-
-
-
22
-
-
0037147193
-
-
K. S. Habicht, M. Gade, B. Thamdrup, P. Berg, D. E. Canfield, Science 298, 2372 (2002).
-
(2002)
Science
, vol.298
, pp. 2372
-
-
Habicht, K.S.1
Gade, M.2
Thamdrup, B.3
Berg, P.4
Canfield, D.E.5
-
23
-
-
34848831354
-
-
This interpretation is based on the assumption that S metabolisms operating at the Archean/Proterozoic boundary are similar to those of today. At present, we see no other realistic environmental scenario that could account for the unusual S isotope compositions of the upper Mount McRae Shale
-
This interpretation is based on the assumption that S metabolisms operating at the Archean/Proterozoic boundary are similar to those of today. At present, we see no other realistic environmental scenario that could account for the unusual S isotope compositions of the upper Mount McRae Shale.
-
-
-
-
25
-
-
28544449263
-
-
D. T. Johnston et al., Science 310, 1477 (2005).
-
(2005)
Science
, vol.310
, pp. 1477
-
-
Johnston, D.T.1
-
26
-
-
0022559031
-
-
B. Fry, J. Cox, H. Gest, J. M. Hayes, J. Bacteriol. 165, 328 (1986).
-
(1986)
J. Bacteriol
, vol.165
, pp. 328
-
-
Fry, B.1
Cox, J.2
Gest, H.3
Hayes, J.M.4
-
27
-
-
27644562800
-
-
I. McDonald, A. J. Boyce, I. B. Butler, R. J. Herrington, D. A. Polya, Eds, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Pub, London
-
J. Farquhar, B. A. Wing, in Mineral Deposits and Earth Evolution, I. McDonald, A. J. Boyce, I. B. Butler, R. J. Herrington, D. A. Polya, Eds. (Geol. Soc. London Spec. Pub., London, 2005), vol. 248, pp. 167-177.
-
(2005)
Mineral Deposits and Earth Evolution
, vol.248
, pp. 167-177
-
-
Farquhar, J.1
Wing, B.A.2
-
28
-
-
34848888227
-
-
33S reservoir. Ultimately, the balance of sources and sinks maintained generally low sulfate concentrations that allowed for spatial isotopic heterogeneities.
-
33S reservoir. Ultimately, the balance of sources and sinks maintained generally low sulfate concentrations that allowed for spatial isotopic heterogeneities.
-
-
-
-
31
-
-
0034594982
-
-
J. Farquhar, J. Savarino, T. L. Jackson, M. H. Thiemens, Nature 404, 50 (2000).
-
(2000)
Nature
, vol.404
, pp. 50
-
-
Farquhar, J.1
Savarino, J.2
Jackson, T.L.3
Thiemens, M.H.4
-
33
-
-
33747857329
-
-
H. Ohmoto et al., Nature 442, 908 (2006).
-
(2006)
Nature
, vol.442
, pp. 908
-
-
Ohmoto, H.1
-
35
-
-
34848816979
-
-
33S slopes.
-
33S slopes.
-
-
-
-
38
-
-
34848905832
-
-
We thank the NASA Astrobiology Institute and the Geological Survey of Western Australia for drilling of the ABDP-9 core; the NSF for scientific funding for the project; J. S. R. Dunlop, L. C. Bonser, M. van Kranendonk, A. Hickman, and the Geological Survey of Western Australia for assisting with core recovery; B. Runnegar and R. Grymes for launching the Astrobiology Drilling Program; A. H. Knoll for long-term support of the project; J. Kasting, B. Simonson, and anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions; and the Gas Source Mass Spectrometry research staff at the University of Maryland, including N. Collins, K. Yokoyama, B. Williams, and A. Shrestha for their analytical efforts. Samples from the AD-5 core were provided to N. Beukes, C. Klein, and A.J.K. by Griqualand Exploration and Finance Company in South Africa
-
We thank the NASA Astrobiology Institute and the Geological Survey of Western Australia for drilling of the ABDP-9 core; the NSF for scientific funding for the project; J. S. R. Dunlop, L. C. Bonser, M. van Kranendonk, A. Hickman, and the Geological Survey of Western Australia for assisting with core recovery; B. Runnegar and R. Grymes for launching the Astrobiology Drilling Program; A. H. Knoll for long-term support of the project; J. Kasting, B. Simonson, and anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions; and the Gas Source Mass Spectrometry research staff at the University of Maryland, including N. Collins, K. Yokoyama, B. Williams, and A. Shrestha for their analytical efforts. Samples from the AD-5 core were provided to N. Beukes, C. Klein, and A.J.K. by Griqualand Exploration and Finance Company in South Africa.
-
-
-
|