The uses and adverse effects of beryllium on health

Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 65-76

  Cooper, Ross G ^a   Harrison, Adrian P ^b  

^a BIRMINGHAM CITY UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Beryllium; Environment; Exposure; Fumes; Health; Inhalation; Occupation

Indexed keywords

BERYLLIUM;

BERYLLIOSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING, DISABILITY AND HEALTH; MEDICAL LITERATURE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; REVIEW; WORKPLACE;

EID: 70349102895     PISSN: 09732284     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5278.55122     Document Type: Review

References (115)

1. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Public health statement. Beryllium. Cas#: 7440-41-7. Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 2008. a. p. 1-7.
2. Aw TC, Gardiner K, Harrington JM. Chapter 5. Occupational Toxicology. In: Pocket Consultant. Occupational Health. 5th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2007. p. 81-82
3. Second Annual Report. Beryllium (CAS No. 7440-41-7) and Beryllium Compounds. Substance Profiles. Report on Carcinogens, 11th edn., Georgia, USA; 1981. p. 1-3
4. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Beryllium, Cadmium, Mercury and Exposures in the Glass Manufacturing Industry. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, Vol.58. Lyon, France; 1993. pp. 444.
5. USACHPPM. Beryllium Exposure and Berylliosis. 64-003-0302. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, US Army Centre for Health Promotion and Preventative Medicine, Maryland, USA; 1998. p. 1-2.
6. Wegner R, Heinrich-Ramm R, Nowak D, Olma K, Poschadel B, Szadkowski D. Lung function, biological monitoring, and biological effect monitoring of gemstone cutters exposed to beryls. Occup Environ Med 2000;57:133-139
7. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Beryllium. Update (Draft for Public Comment), Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 2000. pp. 274.
8. Hugonnaud C, Lob M. Risks incurred by dental technicians working on metallic prostheses]. Article in French]. Soz Praventivmed 1976;21:139.
9. Kotloff RM, Richman PS, Greenacre JK, Rossman MD. Chronic beryllium disease in a dental laboratory technician. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147:205-207
10. Fireman E, Kramer MR, Priel I, Lerman Y. Chronic beryllium disease among dental technicians in Israel. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2006;23:215-221
11. Brancaleone P, Weynanad B, De Vuyst P, Stanescu D, Pieters T. Lung granulomatosis in a dental technician. Am J Ind Med 1998;34:628-631
12. Gelman I. Poisoning by vapors of beryllium oxyß uoride. J Indust Hyg Toxicol 1936;18: 371-379
13. Kreiss K, Day GA, Schuler CR. Beryllium: A Modern Industrial Hazard. Annu Rev Public Health 2007;28:259-277
14. Hardy HL, Tabershaw IR. Delayed chemical pneumonitis in workers exposed to beryllium compounds. J Indust Hyg Toxicol 1946;28:197-211.
15. DeNardi JM, VanOrdstrand HS, Carmody MG. Acute dermatitis and pneumonitis in beryllium workers: Review of 406 cases in eight year period with follow-up on recoveries. Ohio State Med J 1949;45:67-75.
16. VanOrdstrand HS, Hughes R, DeNardi JM, Carmody MG. Beryllium poisoning. JAMA 1945;129:1084-1090
17. Grunewald J, Eklund A. It.s difficult to differentiate between sarcoidosis and berylliosis!]. Article in Swedish]. Lakartidningen 2000;97:5915-5918
18. Marchand-Adam S, Guillon F, Brauner M, Valeyre D. Chronic beryllium disease: A model of interactions between environmental exposure and genetic predisposition. Pathogenesis and clinical features (Part 2)]. Rev Mal Respir 2005;22:271-287
19. Welch L, Ringen K, Bingham E, Dement J, Takaro T, McGowan W, et al. Screening for beryllium disease among construction trade workers at Department of Energy nuclear sites. Am J Ind Med 2004;46:207-218
20. Kreiss K, Wasserman S, Mroz MM, Newman LS. Beryllium disease screening in the ceramics industry. Blood lymphocyte test performance and exposure-disease relations. J Occup Med 1993;35:267-274
21. Kuschner M. The carcinogenicity of beryllium. Environ Health Perspect 1981; 40: 101-105
22. Leonard A, Lauwerys R. Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and tetragenicity of beryllium. Mutat Res 1987;186:35-42.
23. Steenland K, Ward E. Lung cancer incidence among patients with beryllium disease: a cohort mortality study. J. Natl. Cancer Inst 1991;83:1380-1385
24. Ward E, Okun A, Ruder A, Fingerhut M, Steenland K. A mortality study of workers at seven beryllium processing plants. Am J Ind Med 1992; 22(6): 885-904.
25. Rosenman K, Hertzberg V, Rice C, Reilly MJ, Aronchick J, Parker JE, et al. Chronic beryllium disease and sensitization at a beryllium processing facility. Environ Health Perspect 2005;113:1366-1372
26. Schuler CR, Kent MS, Deubner DC, Berakis MT, McCawley M, Henneberger PK, et al. Process-related risk of beryllium sensitization and disease in a copper-beryllium alloy facility. Am. J Ind Med 2005;47:195-205.
27. De Vuyst P, Dalphin JC. Occupational interstitial lung disease]. Article in French]. Rev Prat 2007;57:2266-2276
28. Sawyer RT, Abraham JL, Daniloff E, Newman LS. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy demonstrates retention of beryllium in chronic beryllium disease granulomas. J Occup Environ Med 2005;47:1218-1226
29. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001. p. 1-11.
30. Henneberger PK, Goe SK, Miller WE, Doney B, Groce DW. Industries in the United States with airborne beryllium exposure and estimates of the number of current workers potentially exposed. J Occup Environ Hyg 2004;1:648-659
31. Lenntech. Beryllium-Be. Sourced on 3/10/08. Available on-line at: http://www.lenntech.com/periodic-chart-elements/be-en.htm; 2008.
32. Maier LA, Martyny JW, Liang J, Rossman MD. Recent chronic beryllium disease in residents surrounding a beryllium facility. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;177:1012-1017
33. Kolanz ME. Introduction to beryllium: Uses, regulatory history, and disease. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2001;16:559-567
34. MacMahon B. The epidemiological evidence on the carcinogenicity of beryllium in humans. J Occup Med 1994;36:15-24.
35. Sanderson WT, Ward EM, Steenland K, Petersen MR. Lung cancer case-control study of beryllium workers. Am J Ind Med 2001;39:133-144
36. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Health Consultation. Exposure investigation report beryllium sensitivity testing. Former American Beryllium Site, Tallevast, Manatee County, Florida. Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Assessment and Consultation, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 2005. pp. 63.
37. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Beryllium. 1. Public Health Statement. Division of Toxicology, Clifton Road NE, Mailstop, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 2006. a. pp. 10.
38. Deubner DC, Lowney YW, Paustenbach DJ, Wamerdam J. Contribution of incidental exposure pathways to total beryllium exposures. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2001;16:568-578
39. Tinkle SS, Antonini JM, Rich BA, Roberts JR, Salmen R, DePree K, et al. Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environ Health Perspect 2003;111:1202-1208
40. Day GA, Stefaniak AB, Weston A, Tinkle SS. Beryllium exposure: Dermal and immunological considerations. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2006;79:161-164
41. Day G.A, Dufresne A. Stefaniak A.B. Schuler C.R. Stanton M.L. Miller W.E. et al. Exposure pathway assessment at a copper-beryllium alloy facility Ann Occup Hyg, 2007, 51 67-80.
42. Cummings KJ, Deubner DC, Day GA, Henneberger PK, Kitt MM, Kent MS, et al. Enhanced preventative program at a beryllium ceramics plant reduces beryllium sensitization among new workers. Occup Environ Med J 2007;64:134-140
43. Horng CJ, Horng PH, Lin SC, Tsai JL, Lin SR, Tzeng CC. Determination of urinary beryllium, arsenic, and selenium in steel production workers. Biol Trace Element Res 2002;88:235-246
44. Apostoli P, Porru S, Alessio L. Behaviour of urinary beryllium in general population and in subjects with low-level occupational exposure. Med Lav 1989;80:390-396
45. Apostoli P, Schaller KH. Urinary beryllium.a suitable tool for assessing occupational and environmental beryllium exposure? Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2001;74:162-166
46. Al-Saleh I, Al-Doush I. Survey of trace elements in household and bottled drinking water samples collected in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Sci Total Environ 1998;216:181-192.
47. Thiel G, Geisler G, Blechschmidt I, Danzer K.. Determination of trace elements in wines and lassification according to their provenance. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004;378:1630-1636
48. Ishikawa Y, Kagaya H, Saga K. Biomagnification of 7Be, 234Th, and 228Ra in marine organisms near the northern Pacific coast of Japan. J Environ Rad 2004;76:103-112
49. Bocio A, Nadal M, Domingo JL. Human exposure to metals through the diet in Tarragona, Spain. Biol Trace Element Res 2005;104:193-201.
50. Bocio A, Nadal M, Garcia F, Domingo JL. Monitoring metals in the population living in the vicinity of a hazardous waste incinerator. Biol Trace Element Res 2005;106:41-50.
51. Substance Fact Sheet. Beryllium and compounds fact sheet. Department of the Environmental, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Parkes, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; 2006 . p. 1-6.
52. Cooper RG. A histological and ultra-structural investigation of the liver and its embedded lobes in the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell-1822). Disc Innov 2004; 16:41-46
53. Cooper RG. Are fresh water fish safe to eat? Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2008;52:209-210
54. Ozaki T, Ambe S, Abe T, et al. Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun). Biol Trace Element Res 2005;103:69-82.
55. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Facts about testing for beryllium sensitization. Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 2008. p. 1-2.
56. Schreiber J, Zissel G, Greinert U, Galle J, Schulz KH, Schlaak M, et al. Diagnosis of chronic berylliosis]. Article in German]. Pneumologie 1999;53:193-198
57. Cher DJ, Deubner DC, Kelsh MA, Chapman PS, Ray RM. Assessment of the beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test using statistical process control. Inhal Toxicol 2006;18:901-910
58. Stange AW, Furman FJ, Hilmas DE. The beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test: Relevant issues in beryllium health surveillance. Am J Ind Med 2004;46:453-462
59. Maier LA. Beryllium health effects in the era of the beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2001;16:514-520
60. Newman LS, Mroz MM, Maier LA, Daniloff EM, Balkissoon R. Efficacy of serial medical surveillance for chronic beryllium disease in a beryllium machining plant. J Occup Environ Med 2001;43:231-237
61. Yoshida T, Shima S, Nagaoka K, Taniwaki H, Wada A, Kurita H, et al. A study on the beryllium lymphocyte transformation test and the beryllium levels in working environment. Ind Health 1997;35:374-379
62. Newman LS. Significance of the blood beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test. Environ Health Perspect 1996;104:953-956
63. M̈ller-Quernheim J, Gaede KI, Fireman E, Zissel G. Diagnoses of chronic beryllium disease within cohorts of sarcoidosis patients. Eur Respir J 2006;27:1190-1195
64. Madl AK, Unice K, Brown JL, Kolanz ME, Kent, MS. Exposureresponse analysis for beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease among workers in a beryllium metal machining plant. J Occup Environ Hyg 2007;4:448-466
65. Kent MS, Robins TG, Madl AK. Is total mass or mass of alveolardeposited airborne particles of beryllium a better predictor of the prevalence of disease? A preliminary study of a beryllium processing facility. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2001;16:539-558
66. Maier LA, Newman LS. Beryllium disease. In: Environmental and Occupational Medicine, WN Rom (ed.), Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, USA 1998;3:1021-1035
67. Sood A, Beckett WS, Cullen MR. Variable response to longterm corticosteroid therapy in chronic beryllium disease. Chest 2004;126:2000-2007
68. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Testing for Beryllium Sensitization, A Community Service in Elmore, OH. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 2006. pp. 48.
69. Kreiss K, Mroz MM, Zhen B, Martyny JW, Newman LS. Epidemiology of beryllium sensitization and disease in nuclear workers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148:985-991
70. Newman LS, Mroz MM, Balkissoon R, Maier LA. Beryllium sensitization progresses to chronic beryllium disease: a longitudinal study of disease risk. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005:171:54-60.
71. Sanderson WT, Henneberger PK, Martyny J, Ellis K, Mroz MM, Newman LS. Beryllium contamination inside vehicles of machine shop workers. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 1999; 14:223-230 (Pubitemid 29289715)
72. Kelleher PC, Martyny JW, Mroz MM, Maier LA, Ruttenber AJ, Young DA, et al. Beryllium particulate exposure and disease relations in a beryllium machining plant. J Occup Environ Med 2001;43:238-249
73. Stange AW, Hilmas DE, Furman FJ, Gatliffe TR. Beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease at a former nuclear weapons facility. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2001; 16:405-417
74. Christiani DC, Mehta AJ, Yu CL. Genetic susceptibility to occupational exposures. Occup Environ Med 2008;65:430-436
75. Fontenot AP, Falta MT, Freed BM, Newman LS, Kotzin BL. Identification of pathogenic T cells in patients with beryllium-induced lung disease. J Immunol 1999;163:1019-1026
76. Wang Z, Farris GM, Newman LS, Shou Y, Maier LA, Smith HN, et al. Beryllium sensitivity is linked to HLA-DP genotype. Toxicology 2001;165:27-38.
77. Fontenot AP, Torres M, Marshall WH, Newman LS, Kotzin BL. Beryllium presentation to CD4+ T cells underlies disease-susceptibility HLA-DP alleles in chronic beryllium disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:12717-12722
78. Maier LA, Raynolds MV, Young DA, Barker EA, Newman LS. Angiotension-1 converting enzyme polymorphisms in chronic beryllium disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159:1341-1350
79. Newman LS, Orton R, Kreiss K. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity in chronic beryllium disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;146:39-42.
80. Fontenot AP, Edwards DM, Chou YK, Mack DG, LaTocha D, Vandenbark AA, et al. Self-presentation of beryllium by BAL CD4+ T cells: t cell-T cell interactions and their potential role in chronic beryllium disease. Eur J Immunol 2006;36:930-939
81. Weston A, Snyder J, McCanlies EC, Schuler CR, Andrew ME, Kreiss K, et al. Immunogenetic factors in beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease. Mutat Res 2005;592:68-78. (Pubitemid 41714045)
82. Lombardi G, Germain C, Uren J, Fiorillo MT, du Bois RM, Jones-Williams W, et al. HLA-DP allele-specific T cell responses to beryllium account for DP-associated susceptibility to chronic beryllium disease. J Immunol 2001;166:3549-3555
83. Sawyer RT, Kittle LA, Hamada H, Newman LS, Campbell PA. Beryllium-stimulated production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha by a mouse hybrid macrophage cell line. Toxicology 2000;143:235-247
84. Pott GB, Palmer BE, Sullivan AK, Silviera L, Maier LA, Newman LS, Kotzin BL, et al. Frequency of beryllium-specific, TH1-type cytokineexpressing CD4+ T cells in patients with beryllium-induced disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;115:1036-1042
85. Rossman MD. Chronic beryllium disease: a hypersensitivity disorder. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2001;16:615-618
86. Richeldi L, Sorrentino R, Saltini C.HLA-DPB1 glutamate 69: a genetic marker of beryllium disease. Science 1993;262:242-244
87. Silver K, Sharp RR. Ethical considerations in testing workers for the .Glu69 marker of genetic susceptibility to chronic beryllium disease. J Occup Environ Med 2006;48:434-443
88. Amicosante M, Deubner D, Saltini C. Role of the berylliosis-associated HLA-DPGlu69 supratypic variant in determining the response to beryllium in a blood T-cells beryllium-stimulated proliferation test. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2005;22:175-179
89. Fontenot AP, Maier LA. Genetic susceptibility and immune-mediated destruction in beryllium-induced disease. Trends Immunol 2005;26: 543-549
90. McCanlies EC, Schuler CR, Kreiss K, Frye BL, Ensey JS, Weston A. TNF-alpha polymorphisms in chronic beryllium disease and beryllium sensitization. J Occup Environ Med 2007;49:446-452
91. Sawyer RT, Fontenot AP, Barnes TA, Parsons CE, Tooker BC, Maier LA, et al. Beryllium-induced TNF-alpha production is transcriptiondependent in chronic beryllium disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007;36:191-200.
92. Dotti C, D.Apice MR, Rogliani P, Novelli G, Saltini C, Amicosante M. Analysis of TNF-alpha promoter polymorphism in the susceptibility to beryllium hypersensitivity. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2004;21:29-34.
93. Maier LA. Genetic and exposure risks for chronic beryllium disease. Clin Chest Med 2002;23:827-839
94. Kittle LA, Sawyer RT, Fadok VA, Maier LA, Newman LS. Beryllium induces apoptosis in human lung macrophages. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2002;19:101-113
95. Sawyer RT, Dobis DR, Goldstein M, Velsor L, Maier LA, Fontenot AP, et al. Beryllium-stimulated reactive oxygen species and macrophage apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2005;38:928-937
96. Sawyer RT, Fadok VA, Kittle LA, Maier LA, Newman LS. Berylliumstimulated apoptosis in macrophage cell lines. Toxicology 2000;149:129-142
97. Stiefel T, Schulze K, Zorn H, T̈lg G. Toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic studies of beryllium. Arch Toxicol 1980;45:81-92.
98. Nishimura M. Clinical and experimental studies on acute beryllium disease. Nagoya J Med Sci 1966;29;17-44.
99. Palmer BE, Mack DG, Martin AK, Gillespie M, Mroz MM, Maier LA, et al. Up-regulation of programmed death-1 expression on berylliumspecific CD4+ T cells in chronic beryllium disease. J Immunol 2008;180:2704-2712
100. Dobis DR, Sawyer RT, Gillespie MM, Huang J, Newman LS, Maier LA, et al. Modulation of lymphocyte proliferation by antioxidants in chronic beryllium disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;77:1002-1011.
101. Fontenot AP, Kotzin BL. Chronic beryllium disease: immune-mediated destruction with implications for organ-specific autoimmunity. Tissue Antigens 2003;62:449-458
102. Sawyer RT, Day BJ, Fadok VA, Chiarappa-Zucca M, Maier LA, Fontenot AP, et al. Beryllium-ferritin: lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage apoptosis in chronic beryllium disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004;31:470-477
103. Chaudhary A, Sauer NN, Gupta G. Beryllium-specific immune response in primary cells from healthy individuals. Toxicology 2003;65:367-380
104. Fontenot AP, Canavera SJ, Gharavi L, Newman LS, Kotzin BL. Target organ localization of memory CD4+ T cells in patients with chronic beryllium disease. J Clin Invest 2002;110:1473-1482
105. Amicosante M, Fontenot AP. T cell recognition in chronic beryllium disease. Clin Immunol 2006;121:134-143
106. Hong-Geller E, Pardington PE, Cary RB, Sauer NN, Gupta G. Chemokine regulation in response to beryllium exposure in human peripheral blood mononuclear and dendritic cells. Toxicology 2006;218:216-228
107. Fontenot AP, Palmer BE, Sullivan AK, Joslin FG, Wilson CC, Maier LA, et al. Frequency of beryllium-specific, central memory CD4+ T cells in blood determines proliferative response. J Clin Invest 2005;115:2886-2893
108. Coates SS, Lehnert BE, Sharma S, Kindell SM, Gary RK. Beryllium induces premature senescence in human fibroblasts. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007;322:70-79
109. Martyny JW, Hoover MD, Mroz MM, Ellis K, Maier LA, Sheff KL, et al. Aerosols generated during beryllium machining. J Occup Environ Med 2000;42:8-18.
110. Harper M. A review of workplace aerosol sampling procedures and their relevance to the assessment of beryllium exposures. J Environ Monit 2006;8:598-604.
111. Bohne JE Jr., Cohen BS. Aerosol resuspension from fabric: implications for personal monitoring in the beryllium industry. Am Ind Hyg Asoc J 1985;46:73-79
112. Stanton ML, Henneberger PK, Kent MS, Deubner DC, Kreiss K, Schuler CR. Sensitization and chronic beryllium disease among workers in copper-beryllium distribution centres. J Occup Environ Med 2006;48:204-211
113. Hasejima N, Kobayashi H, Takezawa S, Yamato K, Kadoyama C, Kawano Y. Chronic Beryllium disease after exposure to low-berylliumcontent copper]. Article in Japanese]. Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1995;33:1105-1110
114. Kolanz ME, Madl AK, Kelsh MA, Kent MS, Kalmes RM, Paustenbach DJ. A comparison and critique of historical and current exposure assessment methods for beryllium: implications for evaluating risk of chronic beryllium disease. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2001;16:593-614.
115. Deubner D, Kelsh M, Shum M, Maier L, Kent M, Lau E. Beryllium sensitization, chronic beryllium disease, and exposures at a beryllium mining and extraction facility. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2001;16: 579-592