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36
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84924271857
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note
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The yield of dimeric products in nondeoxygenated solvents is lowered due to competing formation of angularly hydroxylated monomer 45. Compound 45 also forms (75% yield) when 11 is treated with KHMDS alone (1.1 equiv, -78°C, 0.2M, 1 h) in nondeoxygenated THF. Compound 45 presumably derives from a corresponding hydroperoxide which is either reduced in situ or hydrolyzed during isolation. (Chemical Equation Presented)
-
-
-
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38
-
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33847055482
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Recent evidence suggests Scheuer and Kinnel's assignment of palau'amine relative stereochemistry (ref 1) is likely incorrect. Characterization of newly isolated relatives implies natural palau'amine is configured as drawn in 1b. For details, see: (a)
-
Recent evidence suggests Scheuer and Kinnel's assignment of palau'amine relative stereochemistry (ref 1) is likely incorrect. Characterization of newly isolated relatives implies natural palau'amine is configured as drawn in 1b. For details, see: (a) Kobayashi, H.; Kitamura, K.; Nagai, K.; Nakao, Y.; Fusetani, N.; van Soest, R. W. M.; Matsunaga, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 2007, 48, 2127-2129.
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Kobayashi, H.1
Kitamura, K.2
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Nakao, Y.4
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Van Soest, R.W.M.6
Matsunaga, S.7
-
39
-
-
34047195642
-
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(b) Buchanan, M. S.; Carroll, A. R.; Addepalli, R.; Avery, V. M.; Hooper, J. N. A.; Quinn, R. J. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 2309-2317.
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Buchanan, M.S.1
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Quinn, R.J.6
-
40
-
-
34247481744
-
-
Overman's (ref 7) and Baran's (ref 8) synthetic studies further support these arguments
-
(c) Grube, A.; Köck, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 2320-2324. Overman's (ref 7) and Baran's (ref 8) synthetic studies further support these arguments.
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Grube, A.1
Köck, M.2
-
41
-
-
84924225493
-
-
note
-
A single diasteromer of 12, the dl form of 13, 21-meso, polycycle 29, and reduction products 33b have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. See the Supporting Information for details.
-
-
-
-
42
-
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84924262595
-
-
note
-
1H NMR and HPLC analyses (Chiralcel-OD-H, isocratic: 80% i-PrOH/hexanes).
-
-
-
-
43
-
-
84924231423
-
-
note
-
a ∼ 27 kcal/mol).
-
-
-
-
44
-
-
84924264050
-
-
note
-
Attempts to establish equilibrium between 12 and 14, which would presumably favor 14 for steric reasons, failed. Such experiments included thermolyses, acid (Lewis and Bronstead) treatments, and exposure to catalysts intended to generate ion-paired metal π-allyl intermediates.
-
-
-
-
46
-
-
84924247403
-
-
note
-
4.
-
-
-
-
47
-
-
84924239171
-
-
note
-
This statement reflects a corollary to the Hammond postulate. However, available data do not confirm kinetic control nor have we determined that "homocoupling" is, in fact, mechanistically accurate. The heterogeneous nature of the reactions complicates in situ observations. We speculate only to convey reasoning as our experiments progressed.
-
-
-
-
49
-
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0001076017
-
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(b) Schmittel, M.; Burghart, A.; Malisch, W.; Reising, J.; Söllner, R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 396-400.
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Schmittel, M.1
Burghart, A.2
Malisch, W.3
Reising, J.4
Söllner, R.5
-
50
-
-
84924235356
-
-
note
-
4, wherein significant amounts of α,γ-regioisomeric dimers are consistently observed (Schemes 2 and 5).
-
-
-
-
51
-
-
84924240245
-
-
note
-
The hydrohexafluorophosphate salt of 11 could be deallylated using the two-step sequence shown below. Unfortunately, these methods proved neither an efficient nor selective means to deprotect 14. (Chemical Equation Presented)
-
-
-
-
53
-
-
84924246732
-
-
note
-
3CN, 70°C). (Chemical Equation Presented)
-
-
-
-
55
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29344436475
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Voutchkova, A. M.; Appelhans, L. N.; Chianese, A. R.; Crabtree, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 17624-17625.
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Voutchkova, A.M.1
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56
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25844440760
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Anderson, K. W.; Buchwald, S. L. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 6173-6177.
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Anderson, K.W.1
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57
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0000476716
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Blanchette, M. A.; Choy, W.; Davis, J. T.; Essenfeld, A. P.; Masamune, S.; Roush, W. R.; Sakai, T. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 2183-2186.
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Blanchette, M.A.1
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Sakai, T.7
-
58
-
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84986382556
-
-
CH couplings were inconclusive. Z stereochemistry was thus inferred by analogy; see
-
CH couplings were inconclusive. Z stereochemistry was thus inferred by analogy; see: Guella, G.; Mancini, I.; Zibrowius, H.; Pietra, F. Helv. Chim. Acta 1989, 72, 1444-1450.
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Guella, G.1
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Pietra, F.4
-
59
-
-
84924249734
-
-
note
-
We have yet to observe products consistent with N5 trapping of the iminium species in B (Scheme 8). However, it is possible that 35 is a ring-opened product derivative of such a pathway.
-
-
-
-
60
-
-
84924273131
-
-
note
-
2 to generate Br-Cl in situ is one rationale for this result.
-
-
-
-
61
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84924237954
-
-
note
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4-mediated SEM group removal. Conventional methods were ineffective in this case.
-
-
-
-
63
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84924265456
-
-
note
-
2) to diastereomers 40 can also be accomplished using Zn dust in refluxing AcOH/THF. This provides 40 (40% yield) along with mono reduced material (20% yield, analogous to 27) after 30 min in the presence of 4 equiv of Zn. Extended reaction times or a larger excess of Zn leads to partial debromination.
-
-
-
-
64
-
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84924281092
-
-
note
-
In future iterations of the route (see ref 41), one path forward could entail transforming a structure of type 44 into an aminoimidazole of type 50. Installation of the dipyrrolopyrazinone motif required to complete palau'amine would then parallel Büchi's phakellin synthesis (ref 40). Presuming that process would involve 51 as an intermediate, an equilibrium established with 52 (analogous to the species thought generated from 43 en route to 44) prior to C10-N2 bond formation would render mute C16 stereochemistry in 44. We look forward to exploring these issues in detail. (Chemical Equation Presented)
-
-
-
-
66
-
-
84924264726
-
-
note
-
The 1,3-benzodiazepine ring system used to mask guanidine functions in this work was intended to facilitate oxidative spirocyclization, wherein substrates 34/43 might adopt compact globular forms in high dielectric solvents, juxtaposing the tethered alkylidenes. To date, we see no evidence for such behavior nor have we succeeded in degrading the benzodiazepine units to the corresponding free glycocyamidines in various intermediate settings. Alternatives are being pursued.
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