Current issues in relapsing fever

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

Volumn 22, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 443-449

  Larsson, Christer ^a   Andersson, Marie ^a   Bergström, Sven ^a  

^a UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Borrelia; Coinfection; Diagnostics; Relapsing fever; Treatment; Zoonotic reservoirs

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CEFOTAXIME; CEFTRIAXONE; DOXYCYCLINE; PENICILLIN G;

AFRICA; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; BIOCHEMISTRY; BORRELIA INFECTION; BRAIN INFECTION; CONGENITAL INFECTION; DIAGNOSTIC ERROR; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; GENETICS; GENOME; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION; HUMAN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INCIDENCE; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION; LYME DISEASE; MALARIA; MIXED INFECTION; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATION; PRENATAL GROWTH; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; REVIEW; SPIROCHETE; SYMPTOM; TREATMENT DURATION;

ANIMALS; BORRELIA; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; ENDEMIC DISEASES; HUMANS; RELAPSING FEVER; ZOONOSES;

EID: 70249096315     PISSN: 09517375     EISSN: 14736527     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32832fb22b     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Vial L, Diatta G, Tall A, et al. Incidence of tick-borne relapsing fever in west Africa: longitudinal study. Lancet 2006; 368:37-43.
2. Nordstrand A, Bunikis I, Larsson C, et al. Tickborne relapsing fever diagnosis obscured by malaria, Togo. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13:117-123.
3. Sonenshine DE. Biology of ticks. New York, USA: Oxford University Press; 1997.
4. Larsson C, Andersson M, Pelkonen J, et al. Persistent brain infection and disease reactivation in relapsing fever borreliosis. Microbes Infect 2006; 8:2213-2219.
5. McCall PJ, Hume JC, Motshegwa K, et al. Does tick-borne relapsing fever have an animal reservoir in East Africa? Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2007; 7:659-666.
6. Felsenfeld O. Borrelia: strains, vectors, human and animal borreliosis. St. Louis, Missouri: Green; 1971.
7. Cutler SJ. Possibilities for relapsing fever reemergence. Emerg Infect Dis [online]2006.
8. Lescot M, Audic S, Robert C, et al. The genome of Borrelia recurrentis, the agent of deadly louse-borne relapsing fever, is a degraded subset of tick-borne Borrelia duttonii. PLoS Genet 2008; 4:e1000185.
9. Goubau PF. Relapsing fevers. A review. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 1984; 64:335-364.
10. Southern P, Sanford J. Relapsing fever: a clinical and microbiological review. Medicine 1969; 48:129-149.
11. Barbour AG, Dai Q, Restrepo BI, et al. Pathogen escape from host immunity by a genome program for antigenic variation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:18290-18295.
12. Stoenner HG, Dodd T, Larsen C. Antigenic variation of Borrelia hermsii. J Exp Med 1982; 156:1297-1311.
13. Shamaei-Tousi A, Collin O, Bergh A, Bergstrom S. Testicular damage by microcirculatory disruption and colonization of an immune-privileged site during Borrelia crocidurae infection. J Exp Med 2001; 193:995-1004.
14. Shamaei-Tousi A, Martin P, Bergh A, et al. Erythrocyte-aggregating relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia crocidurae induces formation of microemboli. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:1929-1938.
15. Judge DM, Samuel I, Perine PL, et al. Louse-borne relapsing fever in man. Arch Pathol 1974; 97:136-170.
16. Ahmed MA, Abdel Wahab SM, Abdel Malik MO, et al. Louse-borne relapsing fever in the Sudan. A historical review and a clinico-pathological study. Trop Geogr Med 1980; 32:106-111.
17. Judge DM, Samuel I, Perine PL, et al. Louse-borne relapsing fever in man. Arch Pathol 1974; 97:136-170.
18. Salih SY, Mustafa D, Abdel Wahab SM, et al. Louse-borne relapsing fever:I. A clinical and laboratory study of 363 cases in the Sudan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1977; 71:43-48.
19. Cadavid D, Barbour AG. Neuroborreliosis during relapsing fever: review of the clinical manifestations, pathology, and treatment of infections in humans and experimental animals. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26:151-164.
20. Alugupalli KR, Michelson AD, Joris I, et al. Spirochete-platelet attachment and thrombocytopenia in murine relapsing fever borreliosis. Blood 2003; 102:2843-2850.
21. Pettersson J, Schrumpf ME, Raffel SJ, et al. Purine salvage pathways among Borrelia species. Infect Immun 2007; 75:3877-3884.
22. Negussie Y, Remick DG, DeForge LE, et al. Detection of plasma tumor necrosis factor, interleukins 6, and 8 during the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction of relapsing fever. J Exp Med 1992; 175:1207-1212.
23. Vidal V, Scragg IG, Cutler SJ, et al. Variable major lipoprotein is a principal TNF-inducing factor of louse-borne relapsing fever. Nat Med 1998; 4:1416-1420.
24. Bryceson AD, Cooper KE, Warrell DA, et al. Studies of the mechanism of the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in louse-borne relapsing fever: evidence for the presence of circulating Borrelia endotoxin. Clin Sci 1972; 43:343-354.
25. Bryceson AD, Parry EH, Perine PL,et al. Louse-bornerelapsing fever. Q JMed 1970; 39:129-170.
26. Pound MW, May DB. Proposed mechanisms and preventive options of Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions. J Clin Pharm Ther 2005; 30:291-295.
27. Larsson C, Lundqvist J, Bergstrom S. Residual brain infection in murine relapsing fever borreliosis can be successfully treated with ceftriaxone. Microb Pathog 2008; 44:262-264.
28. Andersson M, Nordstrand A, Shamaei-Tousi A, et al. In situ immune response in brain and kidney during early relapsing fever borreliosis. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 183:26-32.
29. Alugupalli KR, Gerstein RM, Chen J, et al. The resolution of relapsing fever borreliosis requires IgM and is concurrent with expansion of B1b lymphocytes. J Immunol 2003; 170:3819-3827.
30. Meinl E, Krumbholz M, Hohlfeld R. B lineage cells in the inflammatory central nervous system environment: migration, maintenance, local antibody production, and therapeutic modulation. Ann Neurol 2006; 59:880-892.
31. Li L, Narayan K, Pak E, Pachner AR. Intrathecal antibody production in a mouse model of Lyme neuroborreliosis. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 173:56-68.
32. Melkert PW, Stel HV. Neonatal Borrelia infections (relapsing fever): report of 5 cases and review of the literature. East Afr Med J 1991; 68:999-1005.
33. Larsson C, Andersson M, Guo BP, et al. Complications of pregnancy and transplacental transmission of relapsing-fever borreliosis. J Infect Dis 2006; 194:1367-1374.
34. van Dam AP, van Gool T, Wetsteyn JC, Dankert J. Tick-borne relapsing fever imported from West Africa: diagnosis by quantitative buffy coat analysis and in vitro culture of Borrelia crocidurae. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:2027-2030.
35. Cobey FC, Goldbarg SH, Levine RA, Patton CL. Short report: detection of borrelia (relapsing fever) in rural Ethiopia by means of the quantitative buffy coat technique. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001; 65:164-165.
36. Schwan TG, Schrumpf ME, Hinnebusch BJ, et al. GlpQ: an antigen for serological discrimination between relapsing fever and Lyme borreliosis. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34:2483-2492.
37. Porcella SF, Raffel SJ, Schrumpf ME, et al. Serodiagnosis of Louse-Borne relapsing fever with glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GlpQ) from Borrelia recurrentis. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:3561-3571.
38. Larsson C, Bergstrom S. A novel and simple method for laboratory diagnosis of relapsing Fever borreliosis. Open Microbiol J 2008; 2:10-12.
39. Halperin T, Orr N, Cohen R, et al. Detection of relapsing fever in human blood samples from Israel using PCR targeting the glycerophosphodiester phos-phodiesterase (GlpQ) gene. Acta Trop 2006; 98:189-195.
40. Ras NM, Lascola B, Postic D, et al. Phylogenesis of relapsing fever Borrelia spp. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1996; 46:859-865.
41. Ramos JM, Reyes F, Tesfamariam A, Malmierca E. Louse-borne relapsing fever and malaria co-infection in Ethiopia. Trop Doct 2007; 37:121-122.
42. Cook G, Zumla A. Manson?s tropical diseases. 21st ed. Pennsylvania, USA: WB Saunders; 2002.
43. Perine PL, Krause DW, Awoke S, McDade JE. Single-dose doxycycline treatment of louse-borne relapsing fever and epidemic typhus. Lancet 1974; 2:742-744.
44. Wormser GP, Nadelman RB, Dattwyler RJ, et al. Practice guidelines for the treatment of Lyme disease. The Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31 (Suppl 1):1-14.
45. Hayes EB, Dennis DT. Relapsing fever. In: Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Hauser S, et al., editors. Harrison?s principles of internal medicine, 16th ed. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Professional; 2004. pp. 991-995.
46. McConnell J. Tick-borne relapsing fever under-reported. Lancet Infect Dis 2003; 3:604.
47. Battisti JM, Raffel SJ, Schwan TG. A system for site-specific genetic manipulation of the relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia hermsii. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 431:69-84.
48. Thein M, Bunikis I, Denker K, et al. Oms38 is the first identified pore-forming protein in the outer membrane of relapsing fever spirochetes. J Bacteriol 2008; 190:7035-7042.
49. Grosskinsky S, Schott M, Brenner C, et al. Borrelia recurrentis employs a novel multifunctional surface protein with anticomplement, antiopsonic and invasive potential to escape innate immunity. PLoS ONE 2009; 4: e4858.