Implicit False Memory in the DRM Paradigm: Effects of Amnesia, Encoding Instructions, and Encoding Duration

Neuropsychology

Volumn 23, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 635-648

  Van Damme, Ilse ^a   d'Ydewalle, Géry ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

amnesia; DRM paradigm; false memory; gist memory; implicit memory

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AMNESIA; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FALSE MEMORY; FEMALE; HUMAN; KORSAKOFF PSYCHOSIS; MALE; MENTAL CAPACITY; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; MENTAL TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCORING SYSTEM; SEMANTIC MEMORY; WORD RECOGNITION;

ADULT; AGED; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ASSOCIATION LEARNING; CUES; FEMALE; HUMANS; KORSAKOFF SYNDROME; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; REPRESSION, PSYCHOLOGY; SEMANTICS; STATISTICS AS TOPIC; TIME FACTORS; VERBAL LEARNING; WORD ASSOCIATION TESTS;

EID: 70249083004     PISSN: 08944105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0016017     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. (1994), Author, Washington, DC
2. Arndt J., and Hirshman E. True and false recognition in MINERVA2: Explanations from a global matching perspective. Journal of Memory and Language 39 (1998) 371-391
3. Baayen R.H., Piepenbrock R., and Gulikers L. The CELEX lexical database [CD-ROM] (1995), University of Pennsylvania, Linguistic Data Consortium, Philadelphia
4. Beauregard M., Chertkow H., Gold D., Karama S., Benhamou J., Babins L., et al. Word priming with brief multiple presentation technique: Preservation in amnesia. Neuropsychologia 35 (1997) 611-621
5. Blaxton T.A. Dissociations among memory measures in memory-impaired subjects: Evidence for a processing account of memory. Memory & Cognition 20 (1992) 549-562
6. Brunfaut E., and d'Ydewalle G. A comparison of implicit memory tasks in Korsakoff and alcoholic patients. Neuropsychologia 34 (1996) 1143-1150
7. Budson A.E., Sullivan A.L., Daffner K.R., and Schacter D.L. Semantic versus phonological false recognition in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Brain and Cognition 51 (2003) 251-261
8. Budson A.E., Sullivan A.L., Mayer E., Daffner K.R., Black P.M., and Schacter D.L. Suppression of false recognition in Alzheimer's disease and in patients with frontal lobe lesions. Brain 125 (2002) 2750-2765
9. Butters N., and Cermak L.S. Alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome: An information-processing approach to amnesia (1980), Academic, New York
10. Carlesimo G.A. Perceptual and conceptual priming in amnesic and alcoholic patients. Neuropsychologia 32 (1994) 903-921
11. Cermak L.S. Amnesic patients' level of processing. In: Cermak L.S., and Craik F.I.M. (Eds). Levels of processing in human memory (1979), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 119-139
12. Cermak L.S., Butters N., and Gerrein J. The extent of the verbal encoding ability of Korsakoff patients. Neuropsychologia 11 (1973) 85-94
13. Cermak L.S., Hill R., and Wong B. Effects of spacing and repetition on amnesic patients' performance during perceptual identification, stem completion, and category exemplar production. Neuropsychology 12 (1998) 65-77
14. Cermak L.S., Verfaellie M., Sweeney M., and Jacoby L.L. Fluency versus conscious recollection in the word completion performance of amnesic patients. Brain and Cognition 20 (1992) 367-377
15. Chan J.C.K., and McDermott K.B. The effects of frontal lobe functioning and age on veridical and false recall. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 14 (2007) 606-611
16. Chan J.C.K., McDermott K.B., Watson J.M., and Gallo D.A. The importance of material-processing interactions in inducing false memories. Memory & Cognition 33 (2005) 389-395
17. Cohen N.J., Poldrack R.A., and Eichenbaum H. Memory for items and memory for relations in the procedural/declarative memory framework. Memory 5 (1997) 131-178
18. Deese J. On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology 58 (1959) 17-22
19. de Groot A.M.B. Mondelinge woordassociatienormen: 100 woordassociaties op 460 Nederlandse zelfstandige naamwoorden [Oral word association norms: 100 word associations to 460 Dutch nouns] (1980), Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, The Netherlands
20. de Groot A.M.B., and de Bil J.M. Nederlandse woordassociatienormen met reactietijden: 100 woordassociaties op 240 substantieven, 80 adjectieven en 80 verba [Dutch word association norms with reaction times: 100 word associations to 240 substantives, 80 adjectives and 80 verbs] (1987), Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, The Netherlands
21. Dehon H. Variations in processing resources and resistance to false memories in younger and older adults. Memory 14 (2006) 692-711
22. Dehon H., and Brédart S. False memories: Young and older adults think of semantic associates at the same rate, but young adults are more successful at source monitoring. Psychology and Aging 19 (2004) 191-197
23. d'Ydewalle G., and Van Damme I. Memory and the Korsakoff syndrome: Not remembering what is remembered. Neuropsychologia 45 (2007) 905-920
24. Faul F., Erdfelder E., Lang A.-G., and Buchner A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods 39 (2007) 175-191
25. Fletcher P.C., and Henson R.N.A. Frontal lobes and human memory: Insights from functional neuroimaging. Brain 124 (2001) 849-881
26. Gallo D.A. Associative illusions of memory: False memory research in DRM and related tasks (2006), Psychology, New York
27. Gallo D.A., and Roediger III H.L. Variability among word lists in eliciting memory illusions: Evidence for associative activation and monitoring. Journal of Memory and Language 47 (2002) 469-497
28. Gallo D.A., and Seamon J.G. Are nonconscious processes sufficient to produce false memories?. Consciousness and Cognition 13 (2004) 158-168
29. Gershberg F.B., and Shimamura A.P. Impaired use of organizational strategies in free recall following frontal lobe damage. Neuropsychologia 13 (1995) 1305-1333
30. Graf P., and Mandler G. Activation makes words more accessible, but not necessarily more retrievable. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 23 (1984) 553-568
31. Graf P., and Schacter D.L. Implicit and explicit memory for new associations in normal and amnesic subjects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 11 (1985) 501-518
32. Heaton R.K., Chelune G.J., Talley J.L., Kay G.G., and Curtiss G. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Manual (revised and expanded) (1993), Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL
33. Hicks J.L., and Starns J.J. False memories lack perceptual detail: Evidence from implicit word-stem completion and perceptual identification tests. Journal of Memory and Language 52 (2005) 309-321
34. Hirst W., and Volpe B.T. Memory strategies with brain damage. Brain and Cognition 8 (1988) 379-408
35. Hunt R.R., and McDaniel M.A. The enigma of organization and distinctiveness. Journal of Memory and Language 32 (1993) 421-445
36. Huppert F.A., and Piercy M. Recognition memory in amnesic patients: A defect of acquisition?. Neuropsychologia 15 (1977) 643-652
37. Jacoby L.L. Knowing and remembering: Some parallels in the behavior of Korsakoff patients and normals. In: Cermak L.S. (Ed). Human memory and amnesia (1982), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 97-122
38. Jacoby L.L. Invariance in automatic influences of memory: Toward a user's guide for the process-dissociation procedure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 24 (1998) 3-26
39. Johnson M.K., and Chalfonte B.L. Binding complex memories: The role of reactivation and the hippocampus. In: Schacter D.L., and Tulving E. (Eds). Memory systems 1994 (1994), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 311-350
40. Kopelman M.D. Disorders of memory. Brain 125 (2002) 2152-2190
41. Koutstaal W., Verfaellie M., and Schacter D.L. Recognizing identical versus similar categorically related common objects: Further evidence for degraded gist representations in amnesia. Neuropsychology 15 (2001) 268-289
42. Lampinen J.M., Leding J.K., Reed K.B., and Odegard T.N. Global gist extraction in children and adults. Memory 14 (2006) 952-964
43. Lauteslager M., Schaap T., and Schievels D. Schriftelijke woordassociatienormen voor 549 Nederlandse zelfstandige naamwoorden [Written word association norms for 549 Dutch nouns] (1986), Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, The Netherlands
44. Lövdén M., and Johansson M. Are covert verbal responses mediating false implicit memory?. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 10 (2003) 724-729
45. McBride D.M., Coane J.H., and Raulerson III B.A. An investigation of false memory in perceptual implicit tasks. Acta Psychologica 123 (2006) 240-260
46. McCabe D.P., Presmanes A.G., Robertson C.L., and Smith A.D. Item-specific processing reduces false memories. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 11 (2004) 1074-1079
47. McDermott K.B. Priming on perceptual implicit memory tests can be achieved through presentation of associates. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 4 (1997) 582-586
48. McDermott K.B., and Watson J.M. The rise and fall of false recall: The impact of presentation duration. Journal of Memory and Language 45 (2001) 160-176
49. McKone E., and Murphy B. Implicit false memory: Effects of modality and multiple study presentations on long-lived semantic priming. Journal of Memory and Language 43 (2000) 89-109
50. Meade M.L., Watson J.M., Balota D.A., and Roediger III H.L. The roles of spreading activation and retrieval mode in producing false recognition in the DRM paradigm. Journal of Memory and Language 56 (2007) 305-320
51. Melo B., Winocur G., and Moscovitch M. False recall and false recognition: An examination of the effects of selective and combined lesions to the medial temporal lobe/diencephalon and frontal lobe structures. Cognitive Neuropsychology 16 (1999) 343-359
52. Meudell P.R., and Mayes A.R. Patterns of confidence loss in the cued recall of normal people with attenuated recognition memory: Their relevance to a similar amnesic phenomenon. Neuropsychologia 22 (1984) 41-54
53. Miatton M., Wolters M., Lannoo E., and Vingerhoets G. Updated and extended Flemish normative data of commonly used neuropsychological tests. Psychologica Belgica 44 (2004) 189-216
54. Moritz S., Woodward T.S., Cuttler C., Whitman J.C., and Watson J.M. False memories in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology 18 (2004) 276-283
55. Naveh-Benjamin M., Guez J., and Marom M. The effects of divided attention at encoding on item and associative memory. Memory & Cognition 31 (2003) 1021-1035
56. Oscar-Berman M. Comparative neuropsychology and alcoholic Korsakoff disease. In: Squire L.R., and Butters N. (Eds). Neuropsychology of memory (1984), Guilford, New York 194-202
57. Phaf R.H., Geurts H., and Eling P.A.T.M. Word frequency and word stem completion in Korsakoff patients. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 22 (2000) 817-829
58. Reitan R.M. Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Perceptual and Motor Skills 8 (1958) 271-276
59. Rey A. L'examen clinique en psychologie [Clinical assessment in psychology] (1964), Presses Universitaires de France, Paris
60. Richardson-Klavehn A., Gardiner J.M., and Java R.I. Involuntary conscious memory and the method of opposition. Memory 2 (1994) 1-29
61. Roediger III H.L., and McDermott K.B. Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 21 (1995) 803-814
62. Ryan J.D., Althoff R.R., Whitlow S., and Cohen N.J. Amnesia is a deficit in relational memory. Psychological Science 11 (2000) 454-461
63. Schacter D.L. Implicit memory: History and current status. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 13 (1987) 501-518
64. Schacter D.L., Verfaellie M., and Anes M.D. Illusory memories in amnesic patients: Conceptual and perceptual false recognition. Neuropsychology 11 (1997) 331-342
65. Schacter D.L., Verfaellie M., Anes M.D., and Racine C. When true recognition suppresses false recognition: Evidence from amnesic patients. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10 (1998) 668-679
66. Schacter D.L., Verfaellie M., and Koutstaal W. Memory illusions in amnesic patients: Findings and implications. In: Squire L.R., and Schacter D.L. (Eds). Neuropsychology of memory. 3rd ed. (2002), Guilford, New York 114-129
67. Schacter D.L., Verfaellie M., and Pradere D. The neuropsychology of memory illusions: False recall and recognition in amnesic patients. Journal of Memory and Language 35 (1996) 319-334
68. Seamon J.G., Goodkind M.S., Dumey A.D., Dick E., Aufseeser M.S., Strickland S.E., et al. "If I didn't write it, why would I remember it?" Effects of encoding, attention, and practice on accurate and false memory. Memory & Cognition 31 (2003) 445-457
69. Seamon J.G., Luo C.R., and Gallo D.A. Creating false memories of words with or without recognition of list items: Evidence for nonconscious processes. Psychological Science 9 (1998) 20-26
70. Smith S.M., Gerkens D.R., Pierce B.H., and Choi H. The roles of associative responses at study and semantically guided recollection at test in false memory: The Kirkpatrick and Deese hypotheses. Journal of Memory and Language 47 (2002) 436-447
71. Stadler M.A., Roediger III H.L., and McDermott K.B. Norms for word lists that create false memories. Memory & Cognition 27 (1999) 494-500
72. Tajika H., Neumann E., Hamajima H., and Iwahara A. Eliciting false memories on implicit and explicit memory tests after incidental learning. Japanese Psychological Research 47 (2005) 31-39
73. Tse C., and Neely J.H. Assessing activation without source monitoring in the DRM false memory paradigm. Journal of Memory and Language 53 (2005) 532-550
74. Van Damme I., and d'Ydewalle G. Elaborative processing in the Korsakoff syndrome: Context versus habit. Brain and Cognition 67 (2008) 212-224
75. Van Damme I., and d'Ydewalle G. Memory loss versus memory distortion: The role of encoding and retrieval deficits in Korsakoff patients' false memories. Memory 17 (2009) 349-366
76. van der Made-van Bekkum I.J. Nederlandse woordassociatie normen [Dutch word association norms] (1973), Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam
77. van Loon-Vervoorn W.A., and van Bekkum I.J. Woordassociatie lexicon [Word association lexicon] (1991), Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam
78. Van Zomeren A.H., and Brouwer W.H. Clinical neuropsychology of attention (1994), Oxford University Press, New York
79. Verfaellie M., Page K., Orlando F., and Schacter D.L. Impaired implicit memory for gist information in amnesia. Neuropsychology 19 (2005) 760-769
80. Verfaellie M., Schacter D.L., and Cook S.P. The effect of retrieval instructions on false recognition: Exploring the nature of the gist memory impairment in amnesia. Neuropsychologia 40 (2002) 2360-2368
81. Woods R.T., and Piercy M. A similarity between amnesic memory and normal forgetting. Neuropsychologia 12 (1974) 437-445
82. Yonelinas A.P. Components of episodic memory: The contribution of recollection and familiarity. In: Baddeley A., Aggleton J.P., and Conway M.A. (Eds). Episodic memory: New directions in research (2002), Oxford University Press, Oxford, England 31-52
83. Yonelinas A.P., Kroll N.E.A., Dobbins I., Lazzara M., and Knight R.T. Recollection and familiarity deficits in amnesia: Convergence of remember-know, process dissociation, and receiver operating characteristic data. Neuropsychology 12 (1998) 323-339