Coronary heart disease and menopause management: The swinging pendulum of HRT

Atherosclerosis

Volumn 207, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 336-340

  Stevenson, John C ^a   Hodis, Howard N ^b   Pickar, James H ^c   Lobo, Rogerio A ^c  

^a ROYAL BROMPTON HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

Breast cancer; Coronary heart disease; Hormone replacement therapy; Women's Health Initiative

Indexed keywords

ASCORBIC ACID; ESTROGEN; GESTAGEN; PLACEBO; VITAMIN D;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; BREAST CANCER; CANCER RISK; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CLINICAL TRIAL; DOSE TIME EFFECT RELATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; ENDOMETRIUM CANCER; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LOW FAT DIET; MENOPAUSE; MONOTHERAPY; OVARY CANCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK REDUCTION; TREATMENT RESPONSE; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; VERTEBRA FRACTURE; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

AGE FACTORS; AGED; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CORONARY DISEASE; DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MENOPAUSE; MIDDLE AGED; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RESEARCH DESIGN; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 69949154440     PISSN: 00219150     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.05.033     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. Hing E., and Brett K.M. Changes in U.S. prescribing patterns of menopausal hormone therapy, 2001-2003. Obstet Gynecol 108 (2006) 33-40
2. Cobin RH, Petak SM, Bledsoe MB, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) position statement on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and cardiovascular risk. www.aace.com/pub/positionstatements; 2007.
3. Pines A., Sturdee D.W., Birkhäuser M.H., Schneider H.P.G., Gambacciani M., and Panay M. IMS updated recommendations on postmenopausal hormone therapy. Climacteric 10 (2007) 181-194
4. Writing group for the Women's Health Initiative investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women. JAMA 2002;288:221-32.
5. Prentice R.L., Langer R.D., Stefanick M.L., et al. Combined postmenopausal hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease: toward resolving the discrepancy between observational studies and the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial. Am J Epidemiol 162 (2005) 404-414
6. Prentice R.L., Langer R.D., Stefanick M.L., et al. Combined analysis of Women's Health Initiative observational and clinical trial data on postmenopausal hormone treatment and cardiovascular disease. Am J Epidemiol 163 (2006) 589-599
7. NHLBI stops trial of estrogen plus progestin due to increased breast cancer risk, Lack of Overall Benefit. National Institutes of Health, NIH News Release; 9 July 2002.
8. Health risks outweigh benefits for combined estrogen plus progestin, clinical trial stopped early in major study. JAMA News Release, Washington, D.C.; 9 July 2002.
9. Gottlieb S. The war on (expensive) drugs. The Wall Street Journal August (2007) A11
10. Study protocol and policies. WHI MANUALS 1998;1:1-64 [sect 1].
11. Freedman L, Anderson G, Kipnis V, et al. Guidelines for the statistical monitoring of the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial; 1 April 1998.
12. Freedman L., Anderson G., Kipnis V., et al. Approaches to monitoring the results of long-term disease prevention trials: examples from the Women's Health Initiative. Control Clin Trials 17 (1996) 509-525
13. Manson J.E., Hsia J., Johnson K.C., et al. Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 349 (2003) 523-534
14. Clark J.H. A critique of Women's Health Initiative Studies (2002-2006). Nucl Recept Signal 4 (2006) e023
15. Grodstein F., Manson J.E., and Stampfer M.J. Hormone therapy and coronary heart disease: the role of time since menopause and age at hormone initiation. J Women's Health 15 (2006) 35-44
16. Manson J.E., Bassuk S.S., Harman M., et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy: new questions and the case for new clinical trials. Menopause 13 (2006) 139-147
17. Rossouw J.E., Prentice R.L., Manson J.E., et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. JAMA 297 (2007) 1465-1477
18. The Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy. JAMA 2004;291:1701-12.
19. Hsia J., Langer R.D., Manson M.E., et al. Conjugated equine estrogens and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 166 (2006) 357-365
20. Manson J.E., Allison M.A., Rossouw J.E., et al. Estrogen therapy and coronary-artery calcification. N Eng J Med 356 (2007) 2591-2602
21. Chlebowski R.T., Hendrix S.L., Langer R.D., et al. Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women. JAMA 289 (2003) 3243-3253
22. Anderson G.L., Chlebowski R.T., Rossouw J.E., et al. Prior hormone therapy and breast cancer risk in the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin. Maturitas 55 (2006) 103-115
23. Stefanick M.L., Anderson G.L., Margolis K.L., et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogens on breast cancer and mammography screening in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy. JAMA 295 (2006) 1647-1657
24. Anderson G.L., Judd H.L., Kaunitz A.M., et al. Effects of estrogen plus progestin on gynecological cancers and associated diagnostic procedures: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA 290 (2003) 1739-1748
25. Wassertheil-Smoller S., Hendrix S.L., Limacher M., et al. Effect of estrogen plus progestin on stroke in postmenopausal women. JAMA 289 (2003) 2673-2684
26. Hendrix S.L., Wassertheil-Smoller S., Johnson K.C., et al. Effect of conjugated equine estrogen on stroke in the Women's Health Initiative. Circulation 113 (2006) 2425-2434
27. Cushman M., Kuller L.H., Prentice R., et al. Estrogen plus progestin and risk of venous thrombosis. JAMA 292 (2004) 1573-1580
28. Curb J.D., Prentice R.L., Bray P.F., et al. Venous thrombosis and conjugated equine estrogen in women without a uterus. Arch Intern Med 166 (2006) 772-780
29. Cauley J.A., Robbins J., Chen Z., et al. Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA 290 (2003) 1729-1738
30. Heiss G., Wallace R., Anderson G.L., et al. Health risks and benefits 3 years after stopping randomized treatment with estrogen and progestin. JAMA 299 (2008) 1036-1045
31. Grodstein F., Stampfer M.J., Colditz G.A., et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and mortality. N Engl J Med 336 (1997) 1769-1775