Evolution and chronology of the Pangong Metamorphic Complex adjacent to the Karakoram Fault, Ladakh: Constraints from thermobarometry, metamorphic modelling and U-Pb geochronology

Journal of the Geological Society

Volumn 166, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 919-932

  Streule, M J ^a   Phillips, R J ^b   Searle, M P ^c   Waters, D J ^a   Horstwood, M S A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^c NATURAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH COUNCIL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCRETION; CONTINENTAL COLLISION; CRUSTAL THICKENING; EXHUMATION; FAULTING; GEOCHRONOLOGY; INDIAN PLATE; METAMORPHIC ROCK; METAMORPHISM; P-T CONDITIONS; STRIKE-SLIP FAULT; URANIUM-LEAD DATING;

ASIA; EURASIA; INDIA; JAMMU AND KASHMIR; KARAKORAM FAULT ZONE; KOHISTAN; LADAKH; PAKISTAN; SOUTH ASIA;

EID: 69949102940     PISSN: 00167649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1144/0016-76492008-117     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Carlson, W.D. 2006. Rates of Fe, Mg, Mn and Ca diffusion in garnet. American Mineralogist, 91, 1-11.
2. Cherniack, D.J., Watson, E.B., Grove, M. & Harrison, T.M. 2004. Pb diffusion in monazite: a combined RBS/SIMS study. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68, 829-840.
3. Chernoff, C.B. & Carlson, W.D. 1997. Disequilibrium for Ca during growth of pelitic garnet. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 15, 421-438.
4. Cottle, J.M., Jessup, M.J., Newell, D.L., et al. 2009. Geochronology of granulitized eclogite from the Ama Drime Massif: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the South Tibetan Himalaya, Tectonics, 28, TC1002, doi:10.1029/2008TC002,256.
5. Crawford, M.B. & Searle, M.P. 1992. Field relations and geochemistry of pre-collisional (India-Asia) granitoid magmatism in the central Karakoram, northern Pakistan. Tectonophysics, 206, 171-192.
6. Foster, G., Kinny, P., Vance, D., Prince, C. & Harris, N. 2000. The significance of monazite U-Th-Pb age data in metamorphic assemblages; a combined study of monazite and garnet chronometry. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 181, 327-340.
7. Foster, G., Gibson, H.D., Parrish, R., Horstwood, M., Fraser, J. & Tindle, A. 2002. Textural, chemical and isotopic insights into the nature and behaviour of metamorphic monazite. Chemical Geology, 191, 183-207.
8. Foster, G., Parrish, R.R., Horstwood, M.S.A., Chenery, S., Pyle, J. & Gibson, H.D. 2004. The generation of prograde P-T-t points and paths; a textural, compositional, and chronological study of metamorphic monazite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 228, 125-142.
9. Fraser, J.E., Searle, M.P., Parrish, R.R. & Noble, S.R. 2001. Chronology of deformation, metamorphism, and magmatism in the southern Karakoram Mountains, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 113, 1443-1455.
10. Henry, D.J., Guidotti, C.V. & Thomson, J.A. 2005. The Ti-saturation surface for low-to-medium pressure metapelitic biotites: Implications for geothermometry and Ti-substitution mechanisms. American Mineralogist, 90, 316-328.
11. Holdaway, M.J. 2000. Application of new experimental and garnet Margules data to the garnet-biotite geothermometer. American Mineralogist, 85, 881-892.
12. Holland, T.J.B. & Powell, R. 1998. An internally consistent thermodynamic data set for phases of petrological interest. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 16,309-343.
13. Kapp, P., Murphy, M.A., Yin, A. & Harrison, T.M. 2003. Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Shiquanhe area of western Tibet. Tectonics, 22, 3.1-3.21.
14. Kohn, M.J., Wieland, M.S., Parkinson, C.D. & Upreti, B.N. 2005. Five generations of monazite in Langtang gneisses: implications for chronology of the Himalayan metamorphic core. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 23, 399-406.
15. Lacassin, R., Valli, F., Arnaud, N., et al. 2004a. Large-scale geometry, offset and kinematic evolution of the Karakoram fault, Tibet. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 219, 255-269.
16. Lacassin, R., Valli, F., Arnaud, N., et al. 2004b. Reply to Comment 'Large-scale geometry, offset and kinematic evolution of the Karakoram fault, Tibet'. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 229, 159-162.
17. Molnar, P. & Tapponnier, P. 1975. Cenozoic tectonics of Asia, effects of a continental collision. Science, 189, 419-426.
18. Murphy, M.A., Yin, A., Kapp, P., Harrison, T.M., Lin, D. & Guo, J. 2000. Southward propagation of the Karakoram fault system, southwest Tibet: Timing and magnitude of slip. Geology, 28, 451-454.
19. Ohmoto, H. & Kerrick, D. 1977. Devolatilization equilibria in graphitic systems. American Journal of Science, 277, 1013-1044.
20. Parrish, R.R. 1990. U-Pb dating of monazite and its application to geological problems. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 27, 1431-1450.
21. Parrish, R.R. & Tirrul, R. 1989. U-Pb age of the Baltoro granite, northwest Himalaya, and implications for zircon inheritance and monazite U-Pb systematics. Geology, 17, 1076-1079.
22. Peltzer, G. & Tapponnier, P. 1988. Formation and evolution of strike-slip faults, rifts and basins during the India-Asia collision; an experimental approach. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 15085-15177.
23. Phillips, R. J. 2004. Macro- and micro-structural evolution of the Karakoram fault. PhD thesis, University of Oxford.
24. Phillips, R.J. & Searle, M.P. 2007. Macrostructural and microstructural architecture of the Karakoram fault: Relationship between magmatism and strike-slip faulting, Tectonics, 26, doi:10.1029/2006TC001946.
25. Phillips, R.J., Parrish, R.R. & Searle, M.P. 2004. Age constraints on ductile deformation and long-term slip rates along the Karakoram fault zone, Ladakh. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 226, 305-319.
26. Powell, R. & Holland, T.J.B. 1988. An internally consistent dataset with uncertainties and correlations: 3. Applications to geobarometry, worked examples and a computer program. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 6, 173-204.
27. Powell, R. & Holland, T.J.B. 1994. Optimal geothermometry and geobarometry. American Mineralogist, 79, 120-133.
28. Powell, R., Holland, T.J.B. & Worley, B. 1998. Calculating phase diagrams involving solid solutions via non-linear equations, with examples using THERMOCALC. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 16, 577-588.
29. Pyle, J. M. & Spear, F. S. 1999. Yttrium zoning in garnet: coupling of major and accessory phases during metamorphic reactions. Geological Materials Research, 1, 1-49.
30. Rice, A.H.B. & Mitchell, J.L. 1991. Porphyroblast textural sector-zoning and matrix displacement. Mineralogical Magazine, 55, 379-396.
31. Rolland, Y. & Pêcher, A. 2001. The Pangong granulites of the Karakroam Fault (Western Tibet): vertical extrusion within a lithosphere-scale fault? Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, 332, 363-370.
32. Rolland, Y., Maheo, G., Pêcher, A. & Villa, I.M. 2008. Syn-kinematic emplacement of the Pangong metamorphic and magmatic complex along the Karakoram Fault (N Ladakh). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.03.009.
33. Rutter, E.H., Faulkner, D.R., Brodie, K.H., Phillips, R.J. & Searle, M.P. 2007. Rock deformation processes in the Karakoram fault zone, Eastern Karakoram, Ladakh, NW India. Journal of Structural Geology, 29, 1315-1326.
34. Scharer, U., Copeland, P., Harrison, T.M. & Searle, M.P. 1990. Age, cooling history and origin of post-collisional leucogranites in the Karakoram batholith, a multi-system isotope study. Journal of Geology, 98, 191-204.
35. Searle, M.P. 1991. Geology and Tectonics of the Karakoram Mountains with Geological Map of the Central Karakoram Mountains, scale 1:250 000. Wiley, Chichester.
36. Searle, M.P. 1996. Geological evidence against large-scale pre-Holocene offsets along Karakoram fault: implications for the limited extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau. Tectonics, 15, 171-186.
37. Searle, M.P. & Phillips, R.J. 2004. A Comment on 'Large-scale geometry, offset and kinematic evolution of the Karakoram fault, Tibet' by R. Lacassin et al. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 229, 155-158.
38. Searle, M.P. & Phillips, R.J. 2007. Relationships between right-lateral shear along the Karakoram fault and metamorphism, magmatism, exhumation and uplift: evidence from the K2-Gasherbrum-Pangong ranges, north Pakistan and Ladakh. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 164, 439-450.
39. Searle, M.P. & Tirrul, R. 1991. Structural and thermal evolution of the Karakoram crust. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 148, 65-82.
40. Searle, M.P., Rex, A.J., Tirrul, R., Rex, D.C., Barnicoat, A. & Windley, B.F. 1989. Metamorphic, magmatic and tectonic evolution of the Central Karakoram in the Biafo-Baltoro-Hushe regions of northern Pakistan. In: Malinconico, L.L. & Lillie, R.J. (eds) Tectonics of the western Himalayas. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 232, 47-74.
41. Searle, M.P., Parrish, R.R., Tirrul, R. & Rex, D.C. 1990. Age of crystallization and cooling of the K2 gneiss in the Baltoro Karakoram. Journal of Geological Society, London, 147, 603-606.
42. Searle, M.P., Crawford, M.B. & Rex, A.J. 1992. Field relations, geochemistry, origin and emplacement of the Baltoro granite, central Karakoram. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 83, 519-538.
43. Searle, M.P., Weinberg, R.F. & Dunlap, W.J. 1998. Transpressional tectonics along the Karakoram fault zone, northern Ladakh: constraints on Tibetan extrusion. In: Holdsworth, R.E., Strachan, R.A. & Dewey, J.F. (eds) Continental Transpressional and Transtensional Tectonics. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135, 307-326.
44. Spear, F. S. & Pyle, J. M. 2002. Apatite, monazite and xenotime in metamorphic rocks. In: Kohn, M.L., Rakovan, J. & Hughes, J.M. (eds) Phosphates: Geochemical, Geobiological, and Materials Importance. Mineralogical Society of America, Reviews in Mineralogy, 48, 293-335.
45. Stacey, J.S. & Kramers, J.D. 1975. Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 26, 207-221.
46. Tapponnier, P., Xu, Z., Roger, F., Meyer, B., Arnaud, N., Wittlinger, G. & Yang, J. 2001. Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau. Science, 294, 1671-1677.
47. Valli, F., Leloup, P.H., Paquette, J., et al. 2007. Twenty million years of continuous deformation along the Karakorum fault, western Tibet: A thermochronological analysis. Tectonics, 26, doi:10.1029/2005TC001913.
48. Walker, C.B., Searle, M.P. & Waters, D.J. 2001. An integrated tectonothermal model for the evolution of the High Himalaya in western Zanskar with constraints from thermobarometry and metamorphic modelling. Tectonics, 20, 810-833.
49. Weinberg, R.F. & Mark, G. 2008. Magma migration, folding, and disaggregation of migmatites in the Karakoram Shear Zone, Ladakh, NW India. Geological Society of America Bulletin, doi:10.1130/B26227.
50. Weinberg, R.F. & Searle, M.P. 1998. The Pangong Injection Complex, Indian Karakoram: a case of pervasive granite flow through hot viscous crust. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 155, 883-891.