The Prevalence of Refractive Errors among Adults in the United States, Western Europe, and Australia

Archives of Ophthalmology

Volumn 122, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 495-505

  Kempen, John H ^a  

^a NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; GENDER; HUMAN; HYPERMETROPIA; MALE; MYOPIA; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE; REFRACTION ERROR; UNITED STATES; WESTERN EUROPE;

ADULT; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AUSTRALIA; EUROPE; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HISPANIC AMERICANS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; REFRACTIVE ERRORS; SEX DISTRIBUTION; UNITED STATES;

EID: 1842530292     PISSN: 00039950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archopht.122.4.495     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Sperduto RD, Seigel D, Roberts J, Rowland M. Prevalence of myopia in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol. 1983;101:405-407.
2. Katz J, Tielsch JM, Sommer A. Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in an adult inner city population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:334-340.
3. Wang Q, Klein BE, Klein R, Moss SE. Refractive status in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994;35:4344-4347.
4. Munoz B, West SK, Rodriguez J, et al. Blindness, visual impairment and the problem of uncorrected refractive error in a Mexican-American population: Proyecto VER. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:608-614.
5. Hofman A, Grobbee DE, de Jong PT, van den Ouweland FA. Determinants of disease and disability in the elderly: the Rotterdam Elderly Study. Eur J Epidemiol. 1991;7:403-422.
6. Attebo K, Ivers RQ, Mitchell P. Refractive errors in an older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:1066-1072.
7. Wensor M, McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Prevalence and risk factors of myopia in Victoria, Australia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117:658-663.
8. Munoz B, West SK, Rubin GS, et al. Causes of blindness and visual impairment in a population of older Americans: the Salisbury Eye Evaluation Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:819-825.
9. US Census 2000 summary file 1 (SF 1) 100-percent data. Available at: http: //factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DatasetMainPageServlet?_lang=en. Accessed January 1, 2003.
10. US Bureau of the Census, international data base, Table 094: midyear population by age and sex. Available at: http://www.census.gov. Accessed January 1, 2003.
11. Klein R, Klein BE, Lee KE, Cruickshanks KJ, Chappell RJ. Changes in visual acuity in a population over a 10-year period: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:1757-1766.
12. Tielsch JM, Sommer A, Witt K, Katz J, Royall RM. Blindness and visual impairment in an American urban population: the Baltimore Eye Survey. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108:286-290.
13. VanNewkirk MR, Weih L, McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Cause-specific prevalence of bilateral visual impairment in Victoria, Australia: the Visual Impairment Project. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:960-967.
14. Schein OD, Poggio EC. Ulcerative keratitis in contact lens wearers: incidence and risk factors. Cornea. 1990;9(suppl 1):S55-S58.
15. Hersh PS, Stulting RD, Steinert RF, et al, Summit PRK Study Group. Results of phase III excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for myopia. Ophthalmology. 1997;104:1535-1553.
16. Stulting RD, Carr JD, Thompson KP, Waring GO III, Wiley WM, Walker JG. Complications of laser in situ keratomileusis for the correction of myopia. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:13-20.
17. Waring GO III, Lynn MJ, Culbertson W, et al. Three-year results of the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) Study. Ophthalmology. 1987;94:1339-1354.
18. Pierro L, Camesasca FI, Mischi M, Brancato R. Peripheral retinal changes and axial myopia. Retina. 1992;12:12-17.
19. Karlin DB, Curtin BJ. Peripheral chorioretinal lesions and axial length of the myopic eye. Am J Ophthalmol. 1976;81:625-635.
20. Mitchell P, Hourihan F, Sandbach J, Wang JJ. The relationship between glaucoma and myopia: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:2010-2015.
21. Leske MC, Wu SY, Nemesure B, Hennis A. Risk factors for incident nuclear opacities. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:1303-1308.
22. Lim R, Mitchell P, Cumming RG. Refractive associations with cataract: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999;40:3021-3026.
23. Vongphanit J, Mitchell P, Wang JJ. Prevalence and progression of myopic retinopathy in an older population. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:704-711.
24. Cohen SY, Laroche A, Leguen Y, Soubrane G, Coscas GJ. Etiology of choroidal neovascularization in young patients. Ophthalmology. 1996;103:1241-1244.
25. Klaver CC, Wolfs RC, Vingerling JR, Hofman A, de Jong PT. Age-specific prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in an older population: the Rotterdam Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998;116:653-658.
26. Javitt JC, Chiang YP. The socioeconomic aspects of laser refractive surgery. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994;112:1526-1530.
27. Mutti DO, Zadnik K. Age-related decreases in the prevalence of myopia: longitudinal change or cohort effect? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:2103-2107.
28. Lee KE, Klein BE, Klein R, Wong TY. Changes in refraction over 10 years in an adult population: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:2566-2571.
29. Guzowski M, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Rose KA, Mitchell P. Five-year refractive changes in an older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:1364-1370.
30. Wong TY, Foster PJ, Hee J, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in adult Chinese in Singapore. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:2486-2494.
31. Dandona R, Dandona L, Naduvilath TJ, Srinivas M, McCarty CA, Rao GN. Refractive errors in an urban population in Southern India: the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999;40:2810-2818.