Climate of the upper atmosphere

Annals of Geophysics

Volumn 52, Issue 3-4, 2009, Pages 273-299

  Bremer, Jürgen ^a   Laštovička, Jan ^b   Mikhailov, Andrei V ^c   Altadill, David ^d   Bencze, Pal ^e   Burešová, Dalia ^b   De Franceschi, Giorgiana ^f   Jacobi, Christoph ^g   Kouris, Stamatis ^h   Perrone, Loredana ^f   Turunen, Esa ⁱ  

^a Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physicsss   (Germany)

^b INSTITUTE OF ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS   (Czech Republic)

^c PUSHKOV INSTITUTE OF TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM   (Russian Federation)

^d Universitat Ramon Hull CSIC   (Spain)

^e GEODETIC AND GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Hungary)

^f ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA E VULCANOLOGIA   (Italy)

^g UNIVERSITY OF LEIPZIG   (Germany)

^h ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI   (Greece)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF OULU   (Finland)

Author keywords

Atmospheric waves; Incoherent radar; Ionosphere; Ionospheric variability; Space weather; Trends

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC WAVE; CLIMATOLOGY; IONOSPHERE; PARAMETERIZATION; RADAR; RADIO WAVE; SPATIAL VARIATION; TREND ANALYSIS; UPPER ATMOSPHERE; WAVE PROPAGATION;

EID: 69449094186     PISSN: 15935213     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. AKMAEV, R.A., V.I. FOMICHEV and X. ZHU (2006): impact of middle-atmosphere composition changes on greenhouse cooling in the the upper atmosphere. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 64, 1879-1889, doi: 10.1016/j.astp.2006.03.008.
2. ALFONSI, L., G. DE FRANCESCHI and L. PERRONE (2002): Long-term trends of the critical frequency of the F2 layer at the norhtern and Southern high latitude regions, Phys. Chem. Earth, 27 (6-8), 595-600.
3. ALFONSI, L., G. DE FRANCESCHI and A. DE SANTIS (2008): Geomagnetic and ionospheric data analysis over Antarctica: a contribution to the long-term trends investigation, Ann. Geophysicae, 26, 1173-1179.
4. ALTADILL, D. (2007): Time/altitude electron density variability above Ebro, Spain, Adv. Space Res., 39 (5), 962-969, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2006.05.031. (Pubitemid 46778769)
5. ALTADILL, D. and E.M. APOSTOLOV (2003): Time and scale size of planetary wave signatures in the ionospheric F-region. Role of the geomagnetic activity and mesos-phere/lower thermosphere winds, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (A11), 1403, doi: 10.129/2003JA010015.
6. ALTADILL, D., D. ARRAZOLA, E. BLANCH and D. BURESOVA (2008): Solar activity variations of ionosonde measurements and modeling results, Adv. Space Res., 42 (4), 610-616, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2007.07.028.
7. ARAUJO-PRADERE, E.A. and T.J. FULLER-ROWELL (2004): Time Empirical Ionospheric Correction Model (STORM) response in IRI2000 and challenges for empirical modelling in the future, Radio Sci, 39 (1), RS1S24, doi: 10.1029/2002RS002805.
8. BARKER, D.N., C.A. BARTH, K.E. MANKOFF, S.G. KANEKAL, S.M. BAILY, G.M. MASON and J.E. MAZUR (2001): Relationship between precipitating auroral zone electrons and lower thermospheric nitric oxide densities: 1998-2000, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 24465-24480, 2001.
9. BENCZE, P. (2005): On the long-term change of ionospheric parameters, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 67, 1298-1306.
10. BENCZE, P. (2007): What do we know of the long-term change of the Earth's ionosphere?, Adv. Space Res., 40, 1121-1125.
11. BLAGOVESCHENSKY, D.V., J.W. MACDOUGALL and A.V. PIATKOVA (2006): Ionospheric effects preceding the October 2003 Halloween storm, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 68, 821-831.
12. BORRIES, C., N. JAKOWSKI, CH. JACOBI, P. HOFFMANN and A. POGORELTSEV (2007): Spectral analysis of planetary waves seen in ionospheric total electron content (TEC): First results using GPS differential TEC and stratospheric reanalyses, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 69, 2442-2451.
13. BREMER, J. (2008): Long-term trends in the ionospheric E and F1 regions, Ann. Geophysicae, 26, 1189-1197.
14. BREMER, J. and U. BERGER (2002): Mesospheric temperature trends derived from ground-based LF phase-height observations at mid-latitudes: comparison with model simulations, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 64, 805-816.
15. BREMER, J. and D. PETERS (2008): Influence of stratospheric ozone changes on long-term trends in the meso-and lower thermosphere, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 70, 1473-1481, doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.03.024.
16. BURESOVA, D. and J. LAŠTOVIČKA (2007): Pre-storm enhancements of foF2 above Europe, Adv. Space Res., 39, 1298-1303.
17. BUREŠOVÁ, D. and J. LAŠTOVIČKA (2008): Pre-storm electron density enhancements at middle latitudes, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys, 70, 1848-1855, doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.01.014.
18. BUREŠOVÁ, D., J. LAŠTOVIČKA, and G. DE FRANCESCHI (2007): Manifestation of strong geomagnetic storms in the ionosphere above Europe, in Space Weather Research towards Applications in Europe, edited by J. Lilensten, (Springer, Dordrecht), pp. 185-202.
19. CHUKWAMA, V.U. (2007): On positive and negative ionospheric storms, Acta Geodet. Geophys. Hungarica, 42, 1-21.
20. CHUM, J., J. LAŠTOVIČKA, T. ŠINDELÁŘ OVÁ, D. BUREŠOVÁ and F. HRUŠKA (2008a): Peculiar transient phenomena observed in the infrasound range, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 70, 866-878.
21. CHUM, J., F. HRUŠKA, D.BUREŠOVÁ, T. ŠINDELÁŘOVÁ, P. HEJDA and J. BOCHNÍČEK (2009): Multipoint continuous Doppler sounding in the Czech Republic and geomagnetic Pi2 pulsations; first results, Adv. Space Res., 44, doi: 10.1016/j.jasr.2009.04.030.
22. CULVERD, M.A., T.D.G. CLARK, E. CLARKE and H. RISHBETH (1998): Increased magnetic storm activity from 1868 to 1995, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 60, 1047-1056.
23. CLILVERD, M.A., A. SEPPÄLÄ, C.J. RODGER, N.R. THOMSON, P.T. VERRONEN, E. TURUNEN, TH. ULICH, J. LICHTENBERGER and P. STEINBACH (2006): Modelling polar ionospheric effects during the October-November 2003 solar proton events, Radio Science, 41, RS2001, doi: 10.1029/2005RS003290.
24. DANILOV, A.D. and A.V. MIKHAILOV (1999): Spatial and seasonal variations of the foF2 long-term trends, Ann. Geophysieae, 17, 1239-1243.
25. DE FRANCESCHI, G., T.L. GULYAEVA, L. PERRONE and B. ZOLESI (1999): MAC: An Oriented Magnetic Activity Catalogue for Ionospheric Applications, U.R.S.I. International Reference Ionosphere News Letter, 6 (4), 5-6.
26. DEPUEVA, A.H., A.V. MIKHAILOV and V.H. DEPUEV (2005): Quiet time F2-layer disturbances at geomagnetic equator, Int. J. Geomag. Aeronom, 5, 1-11, GI3001, doi: 10.1029/2004GI000071.
27. DE SANTIS, A. (2007): How persistent is the present trend of the geomagnetic field to decay and, possibly, to reverse?, Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors, 162, 217-226.
28. EMMERT, J.T., J.M. PICONE, J.L. LEAN and S.H. KNOWLES (2004): Global change in the thermosphere: Compelling evidence of a secular decrease in density, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A02301, doi: 10.1029/2003JA010176.
29. FOTIADIS, D.N. and S.S. KOURIS (2006a): A functional dependence of foF2 variability on latitude, Adv. Space Res.,37, 1023-1028.
30. FOTIADIS, D.N. and S.S. KOURIS (2006b): Capturing the morphology of long-duration negative ionospheric disturbances using an empirical pattern recognition method, Radio Science, 41, RS6012, doi: 10.1029/2005RS003395. (Pubitemid 46262459)
31. FOTIADIS, D.N., S.S. KOURIS, V. ROMANO and B. ZOLESI (2004): Climatology of ionospheric F-region disturbances, Ann. Geophysics, 47, 1311-1323.
32. GAVRILOV, N.M., S. FUKAO, T. NAKAMURA, CH. JACOBI, D. KÜRSCHNER, A.H. MANSON and C.E. MEEK (2002): Comparative study of interannual changes of the mean winds and gravity wave activity in the middle atmosphere over Japan, Central Europe and Canada, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 64, 1003-1010.
33. GEORGES, T. (1973): Infrasound from convective storms: Examining the evidence, Rev. Geophys., 11 (3), 571-594.
34. GORDIENKO, G.I., I.N. FEDUUNA, D. ALTADILL and M.G. SHEPHERD (2007): Upper ionosphere variability over Alma-Ata and Observatorio del Ebro using the δfoFl data obtained during the winter/spring period of 2003/2005, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 69, 2452-2464.
35. IVANOV-KHOLODNY, G.S. and A.A. NUSINOV (1979): The formation and dynamics of the daytime mid-latitude ionospheric E-layer, Trudi IAG, 37, pp. 128 (in Russian).
36. JACOBI, CH. and D. KÜRSCHNER (2006): Long-term trends of MLT region winds over Central Europe, Phys. Chem. Earth, 31, 16-21.
37. Jacobi, Ch., N.M. Gavrilov, D. Kürschner and K. Fröhlich (2006): Gravity wave climatology and trends in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region deduced from low-frequency drift measurements 1984-2003 (52.1°N, 13.2°E), J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 68, 1913-1923.
38. JACOBI, CH., K. FRÖHLICH, C. VIEHWEO, G. STOBER and D. KÜRSCHNER (2007): Midlatitude mesosphere/lower thermosphere meridional winds and temperatures measured with meteor radar, Adv. Space Res., 39, 1278-1283.
39. JACOBI, CH., G. STOBER and D. KÜRSCHNER (2008): Connection between winter mesopause region temperatures and diurnal LF reflection height variations measured at Collm, Adv. Space Res., 41, 1482-11433
40. JAKOWSKI, N., S.M. STANKOV, V. WILKEN, C. BORRIES, D. ALTADILL, J. CHUM, D. BUREŠOVÁ, J. BOSKA, P. SAULI, F. HRUSKA and L. CandER (2008): Ionospheric behaviour over Europe during the solar eclipse of 3 October 2005, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 70, 836-853.
41. JARVIS, M.J. (2005): Observed tidal variation in the lower thermosphere through the 20th Century and the possible implication of ozone depletion, J. Geophys. Res., 110 (A4), A04303, doi: 10.I029/2004JA010921.
42. Kane, R.P. (2005): Ionospheric foF2 anomalies during some intense geomagnetic storms, Ann. Geophysicae, 23, 2487-2499.
43. KOURIS, S.S. (2008): Thresholds of TEC variability describing the plasmaspheric disturbed state, Acta Geophysica, 56, 408-416.
44. KOURIS S.S., D.N. Fotiadis and T.D. Xenos (1998): On the day-to-day variation of foF2 and M(3000)F2, Adv. Space Res., 22 (6), 872-876.
45. KOURIS S.S., LJ. R. CandER and K.V. POLIMERIS (2005): On the variability of SLAB Thickness, ESA/ESTEC, 2nd European Space Weather Week, 14-18 November 2005, Noordwjk, The Netherlands, ESA-ESWW2.
46. KOURIS, S.S., K.V. POLIMERIS and LJ. R. CandER (2006a): Specifications of TEC variability, Adv. Space Res., 37, 983-1004.
47. Kouris S.S., K.V. Polimeris, V. Romano, B. Zolesi and L.R. Cander (2006b): Within-the-hour variability: levels and their probabilities, Ann. Geophysics, 49 (4/5), 945-959.
48. KOURIS, S.S., K.V. POLIMERIS, LJ. R. CandER and L. CIRAOLO (2008): Solar and latitude dependence of TEC and SLAB thickness, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 70, 1351-1365, doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.03.009.
49. KRASNOV, V.M., YA.V. DROBZHEVA and J. LAŠTOVIČKA (2006): Recent advances and difficulties of infrasonic wave investigation in the ionosphere, Surv. Geophys., 27, 169-209.
50. KRASNOV, V.M., YA.V. DROBZHEVA and J. LAŠTOVIČKA (2007): Acoustic energy transfer to the upper atmosphere from sinusoidal sources and a role of non-linear processes, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 69, 1357-1365.
51. LAŠTOVIČKA, J. (2005): On the role of solar and geomagnetic activity in long-term trends in the atmosphere-ionosphere system, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 67 (1-2), 83-92.
52. LAŠTOVIČKA, J. (2006): Forcing of the ionosphere by waves from below, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 68, 479-497.
53. LAŠTOVIČKA, J., R.A. AKMAEV, G. BEIG, J. BREMER and J.T. EMMERT (2006a): Global change in the upper atmosphere, Science, 314 (5803), 1253-1254.
54. LAŠTOVIČKA, J., A. V. MIKHAILOV, TH. ULICH, J. BREMER, A. G. ELIAS, N. ORTIZ DE ADLER, V. JARA, R. ABARCA DEL RIO, A. J. FOPPIANO, E. OVALLE and A.D. DANILOV (2006b): Long-term trends in foF2: A comparison of various methods, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 68 (17), 1854-1870.
55. LAŠTOVIČKA, J., P. ŠAULI and P. KRIŽAN (2006c): Persistence of the planetary wave type oscillations in the midlati-tude ionosphere, Annals Geophys., 49 (6), 1189-1200.
56. LAŠTOVIČKA, J., R.A. AKMAEV, G. BEIO, J. BREMER, J.T. EMMERT, C. JACOBI, M.J. JARVIS, G. NEDOLUHA, YU.I. PORTNYAGIN and T. ULICH (2008a): Emerging pattern of global change in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere, Ann. Geophysicae, 26, 1255-1268.
57. LAŠTOVIČKA, J., X. YUE and W. WAN (2008b): Long-term trends in foF2: their estimating and origin, Ann. Geophysicae, 26, 593-598.
58. MARIN, D., A.V. MIKHAILOV, B.A. DE LA MORENA and M. HERRAIZ (2001): Long-term hmF2 trends in the Eurasian longitudinal sector on the ground-based ionosonde observations, Ann. Geophysicae, 19, 761-772.
59. MIKHAILOV, A.V. (2002): The geomagnetic control concept of the F2-layer parameter long-term trends, Phys. Chem. Earth, 27, 595-606.
60. MIKHAILOV, A.V. (2006): Trends in the ionospheric E-region, Phys. Chem. Earth, 31, 22-23.
61. MIKHAILOV, A.V. (2008): Ionospheric Fl layer long-term trends and the geomagnetic control concept, Ann. Geophysicae, 26, 3793-3803.
62. MIKHAILOV, A.V. and D. MARIN (2000): Geomagnetic control of the foF2 long-term trends, Ann. Geophysicae, 18, 653-665.
63. MIKHAILOV, A.V. and B.A. DE LA MORENA (2003): Long- term trends of foE and geomagnetic activity variations, Ann. Geophysicae, 21, 751-760.
64. MIKHAILOV, A.V. and K. SCHLEGEL (2003): Geomagnetic storm effects at F1-layer heights from incoherent scatter observations, Ann. Geophysicae, 21, 583-596.
65. MIKHAILOV, A.V, A.H. DEPUEVA and T. YU. LESCHINSKAYA (2004): Morphology of quiet time F2-layer disturbances: High and lower latitudes, Int. J. Geomag. Aeronom, 5, 1-14, GI1006, doi: 10.1029/2003G1000058.
66. MIKHAILOV, A.V., V.H. DEPUEV and A. H. DEPUEVA (2007a): Synchronous NmF2 and NmE daytime variations as a key to the mechanism of quiet-time F2-layer disturbances, Ann. Geophysicae, 25, 483-493.
67. MIKHAILOV, A.V, A.H. DEPUEVA and V.H. DEPUEV (2007b): Daytime F2-layer negative storm effect: what is the difference between storm-induced and Q-distur- bance events?, Ann. Geophysicae, 25, 1531-1541.
68. MURSULA, K. and D. MARTINI (2006): Centennial increase in geomagnetic activity: Latitudinal difference and global estimates, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A08209, doi: 10.1029/2005JA011549.
69. PERRONE, L., M. PARISI, A. MELONI, M. DAMASSO and M. GALLIANI (2009): Study on solar sources and polar cap absorption events recorded in Antarctica, Adv. Space Res., 43(11), 1660-1668.
70. PRÖLSS, G.W. (1995): Ionospheric F-region storms, in Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics, vol.2, edited by H. Volland, H., (CRC Press/Boca Raton), pp. 195-248.
71. PRÖLSS, G.W. (2004): Physics of the Earth's space environment, (Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Germany).
72. QIAN, L., S.C. SOLOMON, R.G. ROBLE and T.J. KANE (2008): Secular change in the coupled thermosphere and ionosphere system, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L07811, doi: 10.1029/2007GL033156. (Pubitemid 351858661)
73. RIDLEY, A.J., G. CROWLEY, R. LINK, R. FRAHM, J.D. WIN-NINGHAM and J.R. SHARBER (1999): Variations of the thermospheric nitric oxide mass mixing ratio as a function of Kp, altitude, and magnetic local time, Geophys. Res. Lett.,26, 1541-1544.
74. RISHBETH, H. (1990): A greenhouse effect in the ionosphere?, Planet. Space Sci., 38, 945-948.
75. RISHBETH, H. and R.G. ROBLE (1992): Cooling of the upper atmosphere by enhanced greenhouse gases-modelling of thermospheric and ionospheric effects, Planet. Space Sci., 40, 1011-1026.
76. ROBLE, R.G. and R.E. DICKINSON (1989): How will changes in carbon dioxide and methane modify the mean structure of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 1441-1444.
77. RODGER, C.J., M.A. CLILVERD, P.T. VERRONEN, TH.ULICH, M.J. JARVIS and E. TURUNEN (2006): Dynamic geomagnetic rigidity cutoff variations during a solar proton event, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A04222, doi: 10.1029/2005JA011395.
78. RODGER, C.J., M.A. CLILVERD, D. NUNN, P.T. VERRONEN, J. BORTNIK and E. TURUNEN (2007): Stormtime, shortlived bursts of relativistic electron precipitation detected by subionospheric radio wave propagation, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A07301, doi: 10.1029/2007JA012347.
79. ŠAULI, P., P. ABRY, D. ALTADILL and J. BOŠKA (2006a): Detection of the wave-like structures in the F-region electron density: Two station measurements, Studia Geoph. Geod., 50 (1), 131-146, doi: 10.1007/s1 1200-006-0007-y.
80. ŠAULI, P., P. ABRY, J. BOŠKA and L. DUCHAYNE (2006b): Wavelet characterisation of ionospheric acoustic and gravity waves occurring during the solar eclipse of August 11, 1999, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 68, 586-598.
81. ŠAULI, P., S.G. ROUX, O. ABRY and J. BOŠKA (2007): Acoustic-gravity waves during solar eclipse: Detection and characterization using wavelet transforms, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 69, 2465-2484.
82. ŠINDELÁŘOVÁ, T, D. BUREŠOVÁ, J. CHUM and F. HRUŠKA (2009): Doppler observations of infrasonic waves of meteorological origin at ionospheric heights, Adv. Space Res., 43 (11), 1644-1651, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2008.08.022.
83. x generation during geomagnetic storms, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 71, 1176-1189. doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2008. 07.005.
84. VERRONEN, P.T, A. SEPPÄLÄ, M.A. CLILVERD, C.J. RODGER, E. KYRÖLÄ, C.-F. ENELL, TH.ULICH and E. TURUNEN (2005): Diurnal variation of ozone depletion during the October-November 2003 solar proton events, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A09S32, doi: 10.1029/2004JA010932. (Pubitemid 44228355)
85. VERRONEN, P.T., TH. ULICH, E. TURUNEN and C.J. RODGER (2006): Sunset transition of negative charge in the D-region ionosphere during high-ionization conditions, Ann. Geophysicae, 24, 187-202.
86. VERRONEN, P.T., C.J. RODGER, M.A. CLILVERD, H.M. PICKETT and E. TURUNEN (2007): Latitudinal extent of the January 2005 solar proton event in the Northern Hemisphere from satellite observations of hydroxyl, Ann. Geophysicae, 25, 2203-2215, SRef-lD: 1432-0576/an-geo/2007-25-2203.