메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 43-59

Visuospatial memory in healthy elderly, AD and MCI: A review

Author keywords

AD; MCI; Normal aging; Predictors; Visuospatial abilities; Visuospatial memory

Indexed keywords

AGING; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DEPTH PERCEPTION; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; HUMAN; MEMORY DISORDER; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SENESCENCE; SPATIAL MEMORY; VISUAL MEMORY; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DISEASE COURSE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; VISION;

EID: 69249118055     PISSN: 18746098     EISSN: 18746128     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1874609810902010043     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (203)

References (160)
  • 1
    • 33750600735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's centennial legacy: Origins, landmarks and the current status of knowledge concerning cognitive aspects
    • Hodges JR. Alzheimer's centennial legacy: origins, landmarks and the current status of knowledge concerning cognitive aspects. Brain 129: 2811-2822 (2006).
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 2811-2822
    • Hodges, J.R.1
  • 3
    • 0031707071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presymptomatic cognitive defitits in individual at risk of familiar Alzheimer's disease. A longitudinal prospective study
    • Fox NC, Warrington EK, Seiffer AL, Agnew SK and Rossor MN. Presymptomatic cognitive defitits in individual at risk of familiar Alzheimer's disease. A longitudinal prospective study. Brain 121: 1631-1639 (1998).
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , pp. 1631-1639
    • Fox, N.C.1    Warrington, E.K.2    Seiffer, A.L.3    Agnew, S.K.4    Rossor, M.N.5
  • 6
    • 0025863618 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer- related changes
    • Braak H and Braak E. Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer- related changes. Acta Neuropathol 82: 239-259 (1991).
    • (1991) Acta Neuropathol , vol.82 , pp. 239-259
    • Braak, H.1    Braak, E.2
  • 7
    • 0031032402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-related impairment of spatial learning by intrahippocampal scopolamine: Antagonism by ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
    • Carli M, Luschi R and Samanin R. Dose-related impairment of spatial learning by intrahippocampal scopolamine: antagonism by ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Behav Brain Res 82(2): 185-194 (1997).
    • (1997) Behav Brain Res , vol.82 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-194
    • Carli, M.1    Luschi, R.2    Samanin, R.3
  • 8
    • 33847750722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual and visuospatial short-term memory in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease: Role of attention
    • Alescio-Lautier B, Michel BF, Herrera C, Elahmadi A, Chambon C, Touzet C, et al. Visual and visuospatial short-term memory in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease: role of attention. Neuropsychologia 45(8): 1948-1960 (2007).
    • (2007) Neuropsychologia , vol.45 , Issue.8 , pp. 1948-1960
    • Alescio-Lautier, B.1    Michel, B.F.2    Herrera, C.3    Elahmadi, A.4    Chambon, C.5    Touzet, C.6
  • 10
    • 0032836794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topographical disorientation: A synthesis and taxonomy
    • Aguirre GK and D'Esposito M. Topographical disorientation: a synthesis and taxonomy. Brain 122: 1613-1628 (1999).
    • (1999) Brain , vol.122 , pp. 1613-1628
    • Aguirre, G.K.1    D'Esposito, M.2
  • 11
    • 0035826925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice parameter: Early detection of dementia: Mild cognitive impairment (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • Petersen RC, Stevens JC, Ganguli M, Tangalos EG, Cummings JL and DeKosky ST. Practice parameter: early detection of dementia: mild cognitive impairment (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 56(9): 1133-1142 (2001).
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , Issue.9 , pp. 1133-1142
    • Petersen, R.C.1    Stevens, J.C.2    Ganguli, M.3    Tangalos, E.G.4    Cummings, J.L.5    Dekosky, S.T.6
  • 12
    • 33845482316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment subtypes and vascular dementia
    • Visser PJ. Mild cognitive impairment subtypes and vascular dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 54(12): 1966-1967 (2006).
    • (2006) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.54 , Issue.12 , pp. 1966-1967
    • Visser, P.J.1
  • 13
    • 1542314322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges of Epidemiological Studies of Mild Cognitive Impairment
    • Petersen RC. Challenges of Epidemiological Studies of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 18(1): 3-10 (2004).
    • (2004) Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-10
    • Petersen, R.C.1
  • 14
    • 0000873545 scopus 로고
    • Senescent forgetfulness: Benign and malignant
    • Kral VA. Senescent forgetfulness: benign and malignant. Can Med Assoc J 86: 257-260 (1962).
    • (1962) Can Med Assoc J , vol.86 , pp. 257-260
    • Kral, V.A.1
  • 15
    • 77953788447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment in older people
    • Burns A and Zaudig M. Mild cognitive impairment in older people. Lancet 361(9364): 1227-1228 (2002).
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.361 , Issue.9364 , pp. 1227-1228
    • Burns, A.1    Zaudig, M.2
  • 16
    • 0025949464 scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly: Predictor of dementia
    • Flicker C, Ferris SH and Reisberg B. Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly: predictor of dementia. Neurology 41: 1006-1009 (1991).
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 1006-1009
    • Flicker, C.1    Ferris, S.H.2    Reisberg, B.3
  • 17
    • 0000694676 scopus 로고
    • Normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and early Alzheimer's disease
    • Petersen RC. Normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and early Alzheimer's disease. Neurologist 1: 326-344 (1995).
    • (1995) Neurologist , vol.1 , pp. 326-344
    • Petersen, R.C.1
  • 19
    • 4544335597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity
    • Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Intern Med 256(3): 183-194 (2004).
    • (2004) J Intern Med , vol.256 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-194
    • Petersen, R.C.1
  • 20
    • 3042543753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual rate and predictors of conversion to dementia in subjects presenting mild cognitive impairment criteria defined according to a population-based study
    • Amieva H, Letenneur L, Dartigues JF, Rouch-Leroyer I, Sourgen C, D'Alchée-Birée F, et al. Annual rate and predictors of conversion to dementia in subjects presenting mild cognitive impairment criteria defined according to a population-based study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 18(1): 87-93 (2004).
    • (2004) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-93
    • Amieva, H.1    Letenneur, L.2    Dartigues, J.F.3    Rouch-Leroyer, I.4    Sourgen, C.5    D'Alchée-Birée, F.6
  • 21
    • 38949139850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment: An overview
    • Petersen RC and Negash S. Mild cognitive impairment: an overview. CNS Spectr 13(1): 45-53 (2008).
    • (2008) CNS Spectr , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-53
    • Petersen, R.C.1    Negash, S.2
  • 22
    • 19944400155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost of dementia in Europe
    • Jönsson L and Berr C. Cost of dementia in Europe. Eur J Neurol 12: 50-53 (2005).
    • (2005) Eur J Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 50-53
    • Jönsson, L.1    Berr, C.2
  • 23
    • 0035954333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midlife vascular risk factors and late-life mild cognitive impairment: A population-based study
    • Kivipelto M, Helkala EL, Hanninen T, Laakso MP, Hallikainen M, Alhainen K, et al. Midlife vascular risk factors and late-life mild cognitive impairment: A population-based study. Neurology 56(12): 1683-1689 (2001).
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , Issue.12 , pp. 1683-1689
    • Kivipelto, M.1    Helkala, E.L.2    Hanninen, T.3    Laakso, M.P.4    Hallikainen, M.5    Alhainen, K.6
  • 26
    • 18644375867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive accuracy of MCI subtypes for Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: A 2- year follow-up study
    • Rasquin SM, Lodder J, Visser PJ, Lousberg R and Verhey FR. Predictive accuracy of MCI subtypes for Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a 2- year follow-up study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 19(2-3): 113-119 (2005).
    • (2005) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.19 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 113-119
    • Rasquin, S.M.1    Lodder, J.2    Visser, P.J.3    Lousberg, R.4    Verhey, F.R.5
  • 27
    • 0041975740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclassifications for mild cognitive impairment: Prevalence and predictive validity
    • Busse A, Bischkopf J, Riedel-Heller SG and Angermeyer MC. Subclassifications for mild cognitive impairment: Prevalence and predictive validity. Psychol Med 33: 1029-1038 (2003).
    • (2003) Psychol Med , vol.33 , pp. 1029-1038
    • Busse, A.1    Bischkopf, J.2    Riedel-Heller, S.G.3    Angermeyer, M.C.4
  • 28
    • 33645528545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment subtypes and vascular dementia in community-dwelling elderly people: A 3-year follow- up study
    • Zanetti M, Ballabio C, Abbate C, Cutaia C, Vergani C and Bergamaschini L. Mild cognitive impairment subtypes and vascular dementia in community-dwelling elderly people: a 3-year follow- up study. J Am Geriatr Soc 54(4): 580-586 (2006).
    • (2006) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.54 , Issue.4 , pp. 580-586
    • Zanetti, M.1    Ballabio, C.2    Abbate, C.3    Cutaia, C.4    Vergani, C.5    Bergamaschini, L.6
  • 29
    • 34247352404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical dementia: An Italian multicentre study on amnestic mild cognitive impairment
    • Perri R, Serra L, Carlesimo GA and Caltagirone C. Preclinical dementia: an Italian multicentre study on amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 23(5): 289-300 (2007).
    • (2007) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 289-300
    • Perri, R.1    Serra, L.2    Carlesimo, G.A.3    Caltagirone, C.4
  • 30
    • 0035068884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrovascular and brain morphologic correlates of mild cognitive impairment in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Twin Study
    • DeCarli C
    • DeCarli C, Miller BL, Swan GE, Reed T, Wolf PA and Carmelli D. Cerebrovascular and brain morphologic correlates of mild cognitive impairment in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Twin Study. Arch Neurol 58(4): 643-647 (2001).
    • (2001) Arch Neurol , vol.58 , Issue.4 , pp. 643-647
    • DeCarli, C.1    Miller, B.L.2    Swan, G.E.3    Reed, T.4    Wolf, P.A.5    Carmelli, D.6
  • 31
    • 26044432733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in object location memory in a real three-dimensional environment
    • Iachini T, Sergi I, Ruggiero G and Gnisci A. Gender differences in object location memory in a real three-dimensional environment. Brain Cogn 59(1): 52-59 (2005).
    • (2005) Brain Cogn , vol.59 , Issue.1 , pp. 52-59
    • Iachini, T.1    Sergi, I.2    Ruggiero, G.3    Gnisci, A.4
  • 32
    • 55349098858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in remembering and inferring spatial distances
    • DOI: 10.1080/09658210802307695
    • Ruggiero G, Sergi I and Iachini S. Gender differences in remembering and inferring spatial distances. Memory 2008; DOI: 10.1080/09658210802307695
    • (2008) Memory
    • Ruggiero, G.1    Sergi, I.2    Iachini, S.3
  • 33
    • 33947725683 scopus 로고
    • Molyneux's question and the idea of an external world
    • In: Eilan N, McCarthy RA and Brewer B, Eds., Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA, US
    • Eilan N. Molyneux's question and the idea of an external world. In: Eilan N, McCarthy RA and Brewer B, Eds. Spatial representation: Problems in philosophy and psychology. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA, US, pp. 236-255 (1993).
    • (1993) Spatial Representation: Problems In Philosophy and Psychology , pp. 236-255
    • Eilan, N.1
  • 34
    • 0021700040 scopus 로고
    • Visual cognition: An introduction
    • Pinker S. Visual cognition: an introduction. Cognition 18(1-3): 1-63 (1984).
    • (1984) Cognition , vol.18 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 1-63
    • Pinker, S.1
  • 35
    • 0002651020 scopus 로고
    • Two cortical visual systems
    • In: Ingle DJ, Goodale MA and Mansfield RJW, Eds., MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Ungerleider LG and Mishkin M. Two cortical visual systems. In: Ingle DJ, Goodale MA and Mansfield RJW, Eds. Analysis of visual behavior. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 549-586 (1982).
    • (1982) Analysis of Visual Behavior , pp. 549-586
    • Ungerleider, L.G.1    Mishkin, M.2
  • 38
    • 0004292149 scopus 로고
    • Paillard J, Ed., Oxford, Oxford University Press
    • Paillard J, Ed. Brain and space. Oxford, Oxford University Press (1991).
    • (1991) Brain and Space
  • 39
    • 0031602444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental representations of large and small spatial layouts are orientation dependent
    • Roskos-Ewoldsen B, McNamara TP, Shelton AL and Carr W. Mental representations of large and small spatial layouts are orientation dependent. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 24(1): 215-226 (1998).
    • (1998) J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 215-226
    • Roskos-Ewoldsen, B.1    McNamara, T.P.2    Shelton, A.L.3    Carr, W.4
  • 40
    • 0347533705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Egocentric and geocentric frames of reference in memory of large-scale space
    • McNamara TP, Rump B and Werner S. Egocentric and geocentric frames of reference in memory of large-scale space. Psychon Bull Rev 10(3): 589-595 (2003).
    • (2003) Psychon Bull Rev , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 589-595
    • McNamara, T.P.1    Rump, B.2    Werner, S.3
  • 41
    • 0036356890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic frames of reference in spatial memory
    • Mou W and McNamara TP. Intrinsic frames of reference in spatial memory. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 28(1): 162-170 (2002).
    • (2002) J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 162-170
    • Mou, W.1    McNamara, T.P.2
  • 42
    • 42149154882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple systems of spatial memory and action
    • Avraamides MN and Kelly JW. Multiple systems of spatial memory and action. Cogn Process 9(2): 93-106 (2008).
    • (2008) Cogn Process , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 93-106
    • Avraamides, M.N.1    Kelly, J.W.2
  • 43
    • 0037251610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the hemispheric specialization for categorical and coordinate spatial relations: A review of the current evidence
    • Jager G and Postma A. On the hemispheric specialization for categorical and coordinate spatial relations: a review of the current evidence. Neuropsychologia 41(4): 504-515 (2003).
    • (2003) Neuropsychologia , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 504-515
    • Jager, G.1    Postma, A.2
  • 44
    • 0016422735 scopus 로고
    • The development of spatial representations of large-scale environments
    • In: Reese HW, Ed., Academic Press, New York
    • Siegel AW and White SH. The development of spatial representations of large-scale environments. In: Reese HW, Ed. Advances in child development and behaviour. Academic Press, New York, pp. 37-55 (1975).
    • (1975) Advances In Child Development and Behaviour , pp. 37-55
    • Siegel, A.W.1    White, S.H.2
  • 45
    • 67349200345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of familiarity and gender on spatial representation of a real environment
    • DOI:10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.07.001
    • Iachini T, Ruotolo F and Ruggiero G. The effects of familiarity and gender on spatial representation of a real environment. J Environ Psychol 2008; DOI:10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.07.001
    • (2008) J Environ Psychol
    • Iachini, T.1    Ruotolo, F.2    Ruggiero, G.3
  • 46
    • 0003802772 scopus 로고
    • Milner AD and Goodale MA, Eds., Oxford, Oxford University Press
    • Milner AD and Goodale MA, Eds. The visual brain in action. Oxford, Oxford University Press (1995).
    • (1995) The Visual Brain In Action
  • 47
    • 0037104652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human hippocampus and spatial and episodic memory
    • Burgess N, Maguire EA and O'Keefe J. The human hippocampus and spatial and episodic memory. Neuron 35(4): 625-641 (2002).
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 625-641
    • Burgess, N.1    Maguire, E.A.2    O'Keefe, J.3
  • 48
    • 84917216127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive Components of Spatial Memory
    • In: Allen G, Ed., Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ
    • Morris RG and Parslow D. Neurocognitive Components of Spatial Memory. In: Allen G, Ed. Human Spatial Memory: Remembering Where. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 217-250 (2003).
    • (2003) Human Spatial Memory: Remembering Where , pp. 217-250
    • Morris, R.G.1    Parslow, D.2
  • 49
    • 0036779484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hippocampus, space, and viewpoints in episodic memory
    • Burgess N. The hippocampus, space, and viewpoints in episodic memory. Q J Exp Psychol A 55: 1057-1080 (2002).
    • (2002) Q J Exp Psychol A , vol.55 , pp. 1057-1080
    • Burgess, N.1
  • 50
    • 22644443506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional neuroanatomy of remote, episodic, semantic and spatial memory: A unified account based on multiple trace theory
    • Moscovitch M, Rosenbaum S, Gilboa A, Addis DR, Westmacott R, Grady C, et al. Functional neuroanatomy of remote, episodic, semantic and spatial memory: a unified account based on multiple trace theory. J Anat 207: 36-66 (2005).
    • (2005) J Anat , vol.207 , pp. 36-66
    • Moscovitch, M.1    Rosenbaum, S.2    Gilboa, A.3    Addis, D.R.4    Westmacott, R.5    Grady, C.6
  • 51
    • 3242720348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allocentric versus egocentric spatial memory after unilateral temporal lobectomy in humans
    • Feigenbaum JD and Morris RG. Allocentric versus egocentric spatial memory after unilateral temporal lobectomy in humans. Neuropsychology 18: 462-472 (2004).
    • (2004) Neuropsychology , vol.18 , pp. 462-472
    • Feigenbaum, J.D.1    Morris, R.G.2
  • 52
    • 0033812307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral analysis of the contribution of the hippocampus and parietal cortex to the processing of information: Interactions and dissociations
    • Kesner RP. Behavioral analysis of the contribution of the hippocampus and parietal cortex to the processing of information: Interactions and dissociations. Hippocampus 10: 483-490 (2000).
    • (2000) Hippocampus , vol.10 , pp. 483-490
    • Kesner, R.P.1
  • 53
    • 0036742823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human spatial representation: Insights from animals
    • Wang RF and Spelke ES. Human spatial representation: insights from animals. Trends Cogn Sci 6(9): 376-382 (2002).
    • (2002) Trends Cogn Sci , vol.6 , Issue.9 , pp. 376-382
    • Wang, R.F.1    Spelke, E.S.2
  • 54
    • 33746589976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient and enduring spatial representations under disorientation and self-rotation
    • Waller D and Hodgson E. Transient and enduring spatial representations under disorientation and self-rotation. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 32(4): 867-882 (2006).
    • (2006) J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 867-882
    • Waller, D.1    Hodgson, E.2
  • 55
    • 3242661598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spatial brain
    • Nadel L and Hardt O. The spatial brain. Neuropsychology 18: 473-476 (2004).
    • (2004) Neuropsychology , vol.18 , pp. 473-476
    • Nadel, L.1    Hardt, O.2
  • 56
    • 0033002821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fronto-parietal system for computing the egocentric spatial frame of reference in humans
    • Vallar G, Lobel E, Galati G, Berthoz A, Pizzamiglio L and Le Bihan D. A fronto-parietal system for computing the egocentric spatial frame of reference in humans. Exp Brain Res 124(3): 281-286 (1999).
    • (1999) Exp Brain Res , vol.124 , Issue.3 , pp. 281-286
    • Vallar, G.1    Lobel, E.2    Galati, G.3    Berthoz, A.4    Pizzamiglio, L.5    Le Bihan, D.6
  • 57
    • 0033924264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural basis of egocentric and allocentric coding of space in humans: A functional magnetic resonance study
    • Galati G, Lobel E, Vallar G, Berthoz A, Pizzamiglio L and Le Bihan D. The neural basis of egocentric and allocentric coding of space in humans: a functional magnetic resonance study. Exp Brain Res 133(2): 156-164 (2000).
    • (2000) Exp Brain Res , vol.133 , Issue.2 , pp. 156-164
    • Galati, G.1    Lobel, E.2    Vallar, G.3    Berthoz, A.4    Pizzamiglio, L.5    Le Bihan, D.6
  • 58
    • 10144259359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reference frames for spatial cognition: Different brain areas are involved in viewer-, object-, and landmark-centered judgments about object location
    • Committeri G, Galati G, Paradis AL, Pizzamiglio L, Berthoz A and LeBihan D. Reference frames for spatial cognition: different brain areas are involved in viewer-, object-, and landmark-centered judgments about object location. J Cogn Neurosci 16(9): 1517-1535 (2004).
    • (2004) J Cogn Neurosci , vol.16 , Issue.9 , pp. 1517-1535
    • Committeri, G.1    Galati, G.2    Paradis, A.L.3    Pizzamiglio, L.4    Berthoz, A.5    Lebihan, D.6
  • 59
  • 60
    • 8744299371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I have often walked down this street before: FMRI studies on the hippocampus and other structures during mental navigation of an old environment
    • Rosenbaum RS, Ziegler M, Winocur G, Grady CL and Moscovitch M. I have often walked down this street before: fMRI studies on the hippocampus and other structures during mental navigation of an old environment. Hippocampus 14: 826-835 (2004).
    • (2004) Hippocampus , vol.14 , pp. 826-835
    • Rosenbaum, R.S.1    Ziegler, M.2    Winocur, G.3    Grady, C.L.4    Moscovitch, M.5
  • 62
    • 0030888764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental navigation along memorized routes activates the hippocampus, precuneus, and insula
    • Gahem O, Mellet E, Crivello F, Tzourio N, Mazoyer B, Berthoz A, et al. Mental navigation along memorized routes activates the hippocampus, precuneus, and insula. Neureport 8: 739-744 (1997).
    • (1997) Neureport , vol.8 , pp. 739-744
    • Gahem, O.1    Mellet, E.2    Crivello, F.3    Tzourio, N.4    Mazoyer, B.5    Berthoz, A.6
  • 64
    • 33745025474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Categorical and coordinate spatial processing in the imagery domain investigated by rTMS
    • Trojano L, Conson M, Maffei R and Grossi D. Categorical and coordinate spatial processing in the imagery domain investigated by rTMS. Neuropsychologia 44(9): 1569-1574 (2006).
    • (2006) Neuropsychologia , vol.44 , Issue.9 , pp. 1569-1574
    • Trojano, L.1    Conson, M.2    Maffei, R.3    Grossi, D.4
  • 65
    • 60849091333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lateralization of egocentric and allocentric spatial processing after parietal brain lesions
    • in press; DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2008.11.001
    • Iachini T, Ruggero G, Conson M and Trojano L. Lateralization of egocentric and allocentric spatial processing after parietal brain lesions. Brain Cogn; in press; DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2008.11.001.
    • Brain Cogn
    • Iachini, T.1    Ruggero, G.2    Conson, M.3    Trojano, L.4
  • 66
    • 0000838862 scopus 로고
    • Episodic and semantic memory
    • In: Tulving E and Donaldson W, Eds., Academy Press, New York
    • Tulving E. Episodic and semantic memory. In: Tulving E and Donaldson W, Eds. Organization of memory. Academy Press, New York (1972).
    • (1972) Organization of Memory
    • Tulving, E.1
  • 67
    • 0029554696 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of aging on memory for content and context: A meta-analysis
    • Spencer WD and Raz N. Differential effects of aging on memory for content and context: a meta-analysis. Psychol Aging 10(4): 527-539 (1995).
    • (1995) Psychol Aging , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 527-539
    • Spencer, W.D.1    Raz, N.2
  • 68
    • 0011918392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age difference in adults' spatial abilities, learning environmental layout, and wayfinding behavior
    • Kirasic KC. Age difference in adults' spatial abilities, learning environmental layout, and wayfinding behavior. Spat Cogn Comput 2: 117-134 (2000).
    • (2000) Spat Cogn Comput , vol.2 , pp. 117-134
    • Kirasic, K.C.1
  • 69
    • 0024625761 scopus 로고
    • Structural and operational capacities in integrative spatial ability
    • Salthouse TA and Mitchell DRD. Structural and operational capacities in integrative spatial ability. Psychol Aging 4: 18-25 (1989).
    • (1989) Psychol Aging , vol.4 , pp. 18-25
    • Salthouse, T.A.1    Mitchell, D.R.D.2
  • 70
    • 0030112817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential and coordinative processing dynamics in figural transformations across the life span
    • Mayr U, Kliegl R and Krampe RT. Sequential and coordinative processing dynamics in figural transformations across the life span. Cognition 59: 61-90 (1996).
    • (1996) Cognition , vol.59 , pp. 61-90
    • Mayr, U.1    Kliegl, R.2    Krampe, R.T.3
  • 72
    • 77953786905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and gender differences in some components of spatial cognition
    • In: Benninghouse HT and Rosset AG, Eds., Nova Science Publishers, New York
    • Iachini T, Ruggiero G, Ruotolo F and Pizza R. Age and gender differences in some components of spatial cognition. In: Benninghouse HT and Rosset AG, Eds. Women and Aging: New Research. Nova Science Publishers, New York (2008).
    • (2008) Women and Aging: New Research
    • Iachini, T.1    Ruggiero, G.2    Ruotolo, F.3    Pizza, R.4
  • 73
    • 0026180738 scopus 로고
    • Age effects may be global, not local: Comment on Fisk and Rogers
    • Cerella J. Age effects may be global, not local: Comment on Fisk and Rogers. J Exp Psychol Gen 120: 215-223 (1991).
    • (1991) J Exp Psychol Gen , vol.120 , pp. 215-223
    • Cerella, J.1
  • 74
    • 0030038823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General and specific speed mediation of adult age differences in memory
    • Salthouse TA. General and specific speed mediation of adult age differences in memory. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 51B: 30-42 (1996).
    • (1996) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci , vol.51 B , pp. 30-42
    • Salthouse, T.A.1
  • 75
    • 0002038032 scopus 로고
    • A functional account of age differences in memory
    • In: Klix F and Hagendorf H, Eds., North-Holland, Amsterdam
    • Craik FIM. A functional account of age differences in memory. In: Klix F and Hagendorf H, Eds. Human memory and cognitive capabilities. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 409-422 (1986).
    • (1986) Human Memory and Cognitive Capabilities , pp. 409-422
    • Craik, F.I.M.1
  • 76
    • 0026085060 scopus 로고
    • Memory and aging: Four hypotheses in search of data
    • Light LL. Memory and aging: four hypotheses in search of data. Annu Rev Psychol 42: 333-376 (1991).
    • (1991) Annu Rev Psychol , vol.42 , pp. 333-376
    • Light, L.L.1
  • 78
    • 0000049310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive storage and active manipulation in visuo-spatial working memory: Further evidence from the study of age differences
    • Vecchi T and Cornoldi C. Passive storage and active manipulation in visuo-spatial working memory: Further evidence from the study of age differences. Eur J Cognit Psychol 11: 391-406 (1999).
    • (1999) Eur J Cognit Psychol , vol.11 , pp. 391-406
    • Vecchi, T.1    Cornoldi, C.2
  • 79
    • 33747607717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Egocentric and allocentric spatial frames of reference: A direct measure
    • Iachini T and Ruggiero G. Egocentric and allocentric spatial frames of reference: a direct measure. Cogn Proc 7: 126-127 (2006).
    • (2006) Cogn Proc , vol.7 , pp. 126-127
    • Iachini, T.1    Ruggiero, G.2
  • 80
    • 0029157150 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between normal aging, frontal lobe function, and memory for temporal and spatial information
    • Parkin AJ, Walter BM and Hunkin NM. Relationships between normal aging, frontal lobe function, and memory for temporal and spatial information. Neuropsychology 9: 304-312 (1995).
    • (1995) Neuropsychology , vol.9 , pp. 304-312
    • Parkin, A.J.1    Walter, B.M.2    Hunkin, N.M.3
  • 81
    • 77953788047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lateralisation of spatial processing and age
    • Meadmore KL, Dror IE and Bucks RS. Lateralisation of spatial processing and age. Laterality 24: 1-13 (2008).
    • (2008) Laterality , vol.24 , pp. 1-13
    • Meadmore, K.L.1    Dror, I.E.2    Bucks, R.S.3
  • 82
    • 0023866556 scopus 로고
    • Aging and free recall for objects located in space
    • Sharps MJ and Gollin ES. Aging and free recall for objects located in space. J Gerontol 43(1): 8-11 (1988).
    • (1988) J Gerontol , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-11
    • Sharps, M.J.1    Gollin, E.S.2
  • 83
    • 0027767883 scopus 로고
    • Individual difference and contextual variables influence spatial memory in younger and older adults
    • Cherry KE and Park DC. Individual difference and contextual variables influence spatial memory in younger and older adults. Psychol Aging 8(4): 517-526 (1993).
    • (1993) Psychol Aging , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 517-526
    • Cherry, K.E.1    Park, D.C.2
  • 84
    • 0027615883 scopus 로고
    • Episodic spatial memory in adulthood
    • Uttl B and Graf P. Episodic spatial memory in adulthood. Psychol Aging 8(2): 257-273 (1993).
    • (1993) Psychol Aging , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 257-273
    • Uttl, B.1    Graf, P.2
  • 85
    • 0032604465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related differences in spatial memory: Effects of structural and organizational context
    • Cherry KE and Jones MW. Age-related differences in spatial memory: effects of structural and organizational context. J Gen Psychol 126(1): 53-73 (1999).
    • (1999) J Gen Psychol , vol.126 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-73
    • Cherry, K.E.1    Jones, M.W.2
  • 86
  • 87
    • 0015231889 scopus 로고
    • Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects
    • Shepard RN and Metzler J. Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Science 171(972): 701-703 (1971).
    • (1971) Science , vol.171 , Issue.972 , pp. 701-703
    • Shepard, R.N.1    Metzler, J.2
  • 88
    • 0017932454 scopus 로고
    • Visual images preserve metric spatial information: Evidence from studies of image scanning
    • Kosslyn SM, Ball TM and Reiser BJ. Visual images preserve metric spatial information: Evidence from studies of image scanning. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 4(1): 47-60 (1978).
    • (1978) J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-60
    • Kosslyn, S.M.1    Ball, T.M.2    Reiser, B.J.3
  • 89
    • 0007453418 scopus 로고
    • Age differences in the speed. of mental rotation
    • Berg C, Hertzog C and Hunt E. Age differences in the speed. of mental rotation. Dev Psychol 18: 95-107 (1982).
    • (1982) Dev Psychol , vol.18 , pp. 95-107
    • Berg, C.1    Hertzog, C.2    Hunt, E.3
  • 90
    • 33749343595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of mental rotation and age in spatial perspective-taking tasks: When age does not impair perspective-taking performance
    • De Beni R, Pazzaglia F and Gardini S. The role of mental rotation and age in spatial perspective-taking tasks: when age does not impair perspective-taking performance. Appl Cogn Psychol 20(6): 807-821 (2006).
    • (2006) Appl Cogn Psychol , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 807-821
    • de Beni, R.1    Pazzaglia, F.2    Gardini, S.3
  • 91
    • 0016752321 scopus 로고
    • Age differences in the speed of a spatial cognitive process
    • Gaylord SA and Marsh GR. Age differences in the speed of a spatial cognitive process. J Gerontol 30(6): 674-678 (1975).
    • (1975) J Gerontol , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 674-678
    • Gaylord, S.A.1    Marsh, G.R.2
  • 92
    • 0027154669 scopus 로고
    • Age differences in mental rotation task performance: The influence of speed/accuracy trade- offs
    • Hertzog C, Vernon MC and Rypma B. Age differences in mental rotation task performance: The influence of speed/accuracy trade- offs. J Gerontol 48(3): 150-156 (1993).
    • (1993) J Gerontol , vol.48 , Issue.3 , pp. 150-156
    • Hertzog, C.1    Vernon, M.C.2    Rypma, B.3
  • 93
    • 0027017167 scopus 로고
    • Age-related differences in three tests of visual imagery
    • Craik FI and Dirkx E. Age-related differences in three tests of visual imagery. Psychol Aging 7(4): 661-665 (1992).
    • (1992) Psychol Aging , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 661-665
    • Craik, F.I.1    Dirkx, E.2
  • 94
    • 0028064423 scopus 로고
    • Mental imagery and aging
    • Dror IE and Kosslyn SM. Mental imagery and aging. Psychol Aging 9(1): 90-102 (1994).
    • (1994) Psychol Aging , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 90-102
    • Dror, I.E.1    Kosslyn, S.M.2
  • 95
    • 33847617105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The generation and maintenance of visual mental images: Evidence from image type and aging
    • De Beni R, Pazzaglia F and Gardini S. The generation and maintenance of visual mental images: evidence from image type and aging. Brain Cogn 63(3): 271-278 (2007).
    • (2007) Brain Cogn , vol.63 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-278
    • de Beni, R.1    Pazzaglia, F.2    Gardini, S.3
  • 96
    • 0037698549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When mental images are very detailed: Image generation and memory performance as a function of age
    • Palladino P and De Beni R. When mental images are very detailed: image generation and memory performance as a function of age. Acta Psychol 113(3): 297-314 (2003).
    • (2003) Acta Psychol , vol.113 , Issue.3 , pp. 297-314
    • Palladino, P.1    de Beni, R.2
  • 97
    • 0031901642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and scanning of imagined and perceived visual images
    • Brown HD, Kosslyn SM and Dror IE. Aging and scanning of imagined and perceived visual images. Exp Aging Res 24: 181-194 (1998).
    • (1998) Exp Aging Res , vol.24 , pp. 181-194
    • Brown, H.D.1    Kosslyn, S.M.2    Dror, I.E.3
  • 99
    • 0001840543 scopus 로고
    • Cognition and Everyday Competence
    • Willis SL. Cognition and Everyday Competence. Annu Rev Gerontol Geriatr 11: 80-109 (1991).
    • (1991) Annu Rev Gerontol Geriatr , vol.11 , pp. 80-109
    • Willis, S.L.1
  • 100
    • 0024958460 scopus 로고
    • The effects of age and environmental familiarity on adults' spatial problem-solving performance: Evidence of a hometown advantage
    • Kirasic KC. The effects of age and environmental familiarity on adults' spatial problem-solving performance: evidence of a hometown advantage. Exp Aging Res 15: 181-187 (1989).
    • (1989) Exp Aging Res , vol.15 , pp. 181-187
    • Kirasic, K.C.1
  • 101
    • 0026671240 scopus 로고
    • Age-Related Differences in Adults' Macrospatial Cognitive Processes
    • Kirasic KC, Allen GL and Haggerty D. Age-Related Differences in Adults' Macrospatial Cognitive Processes. Exp Aging Res 18: 33-39 (1992).
    • (1992) Exp Aging Res , vol.18 , pp. 33-39
    • Kirasic, K.C.1    Allen, G.L.2    Haggerty, D.3
  • 102
    • 0026129281 scopus 로고
    • Spatial cognition and behavior in young and elderly adults: Implications for learning new environments
    • Kirasic KC. Spatial cognition and behavior in young and elderly adults: implications for learning new environments. Psychol Aging 6(1):10-18 (1991).
    • (1991) Psychol Aging , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-18
    • Kirasic, K.C.1
  • 103
    • 0026917789 scopus 로고
    • Adult age differences in memory for routes: Effects of instruction and spatial diagram
    • Lipman PD and Caplan LJ. Adult age differences in memory for routes: effects of instruction and spatial diagram. Psychol Aging 7(3): 435-442 (1992).
    • (1992) Psychol Aging , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 435-442
    • Lipman, P.D.1    Caplan, L.J.2
  • 104
    • 0000515993 scopus 로고
    • Age-Related Decline in Route Learning Ability
    • Barrash J. Age-Related Decline in Route Learning Ability. Dev Neuropsychol 10: 189-201 (1994).
    • (1994) Dev Neuropsychol , vol.10 , pp. 189-201
    • Barrash, J.1
  • 105
    • 1842326807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related differences in an ecologically based study of route learning
    • Wilkniss SM, Jones MG, Korol DL, Gold PE and Manning CA. Age-related differences in an ecologically based study of route learning. Psychol Aging 12(2): 372-375 (1997).
    • (1997) Psychol Aging , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 372-375
    • Wilkniss, S.M.1    Jones, M.G.2    Korol, D.L.3    Gold, P.E.4    Manning, C.A.5
  • 106
    • 0036785951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of age on virtual environment place navigation and allocentric cognitive mapping
    • Moffat SD and Resnick SM. Effects of age on virtual environment place navigation and allocentric cognitive mapping. Behav Neurosci 116(5): 851-859 (2002).
    • (2002) Behav Neurosci , vol.116 , Issue.5 , pp. 851-859
    • Moffat, S.D.1    Resnick, S.M.2
  • 107
    • 33847650133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficiency of route selection as a function of adult age
    • Salthouse T and Siedlecki KL. Efficiency of route selection as a function of adult age. Brain Cogn 63: 279-286 (2007).
    • (2007) Brain Cogn , vol.63 , pp. 279-286
    • Salthouse, T.1    Siedlecki, K.L.2
  • 108
    • 11144290978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive functioning in normal aging: A study of action planning using the Zoo Map Test
    • Allain P, Nicoleau S, Pinon K, Etcharry-Boux F, Barre J, Gerrut G, et al. Executive functioning in normal aging: a study of action planning using the Zoo Map Test. Brain Cogn 57: 4-7 (2005).
    • (2005) Brain Cogn , vol.57 , pp. 4-7
    • Allain, P.1    Nicoleau, S.2    Pinon, K.3    Etcharry-Boux, F.4    Barre, J.5    Gerrut, G.6
  • 109
  • 110
    • 34347260334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrahippocampal Contributions to Age Differences in Human Spatial Navigation
    • Moffat SD, Kennedy KM, Rodrigue KM and Raz N. Extrahippocampal Contributions to Age Differences in Human Spatial Navigation. Cereb Cortex 17(6): 1274-1282 (2007).
    • (2007) Cereb Cortex , vol.17 , Issue.6 , pp. 1274-1282
    • Moffat, S.D.1    Kennedy, K.M.2    Rodrigue, K.M.3    Raz, N.4
  • 111
  • 113
    • 33947604512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive and behavioural predictors of progression rates in Alzheimer's disease
    • Buccione I, Perri R, Carlesimo GA, Fadda L, Serra L, Scalmana S, et al. Cognitive and behavioural predictors of progression rates in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurol 14: 440-446 (2007).
    • (2007) Eur J Neurol , vol.14 , pp. 440-446
    • Buccione, I.1    Perri, R.2    Carlesimo, G.A.3    Fadda, L.4    Serra, L.5    Scalmana, S.6
  • 115
    • 33644966529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-verbal learning is impaired in very mild Alzheimer's disease (CDR 0.5): Normative data from the learning version of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test
    • Kasai M, Meguro K, Hashimoto R, Ishizaki J, Yamadori A and Mori E. Non-verbal learning is impaired in very mild Alzheimer's disease (CDR 0.5): normative data from the learning version of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 60(2): 139-146 (2006).
    • (2006) Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 139-146
    • Kasai, M.1    Meguro, K.2    Hashimoto, R.3    Ishizaki, J.4    Yamadori, A.5    Mori, E.6
  • 116
    • 0141687342 scopus 로고
    • San Antonio, TX, The Psychological Corporation
    • Wechsler D. WAIS-R manual. San Antonio, TX, The Psychological Corporation (1981).
    • (1981) WAIS-R Manual
    • Wechsler, D.1
  • 117
    • 0030921525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological asymmetry in Alzheimer's disease: Verbal versus visuoconstructional deficits across stages of dementia
    • Strite D, Massman PJ, Cooke N and Doody RS. Neuropsychological asymmetry in Alzheimer's disease: Verbal versus visuoconstructional deficits across stages of dementia. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 3: 420-427 (1997).
    • (1997) J Int Neuropsychol Soc , vol.3 , pp. 420-427
    • Strite, D.1    Massman, P.J.2    Cooke, N.3    Doody, R.S.4
  • 119
    • 36448961271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visuospatial planning and problem solving in Alzheimer's disease patients: A study with the Tower of London Test
    • Franceschi M, Caffarra P, De Vreese L, Pelati O, Pradelli S, Savarè R, et al. Visuospatial planning and problem solving in Alzheimer's disease patients: a study with the Tower of London Test. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 24(6): 424-428 (2007).
    • (2007) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 424-428
    • Franceschi, M.1    Caffarra, P.2    de Vreese, L.3    Pelati, O.4    Pradelli, S.5    Savarè, R.6
  • 120
    • 33745963789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of age and education on the Trail Making Test and determination of normative data for Japanese elderly people: The Tajiri Project
    • Hashimoto R, Meguro K, Lee E, Kasai M, Ishii H and Yamaguchi S. Effect of age and education on the Trail Making Test and determination of normative data for Japanese elderly people: The Tajiri Project. Psychiatr Clin Neurosci 60: 422-428 (2006).
    • (2006) Psychiatr Clin Neurosci , vol.60 , pp. 422-428
    • Hashimoto, R.1    Meguro, K.2    Lee, E.3    Kasai, M.4    Ishii, H.5    Yamaguchi, S.6
  • 123
    • 0034836063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of semantic and visuospatial deficits in early Alzheimer's disease
    • Caine D and Hodges JR. Heterogeneity of semantic and visuospatial deficits in early Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 15(2): 155-164 (2001).
    • (2001) Neuropsychology , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 155-164
    • Caine, D.1    Hodges, J.R.2
  • 125
    • 0037432256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A visuospatial variant of mild cognitive impairment: Getting lost between aging and AD
    • Mapstone M, Steffenella TM and Duffy CJ. A visuospatial variant of mild cognitive impairment: getting lost between aging and AD. Neurology 60(5): 802-808 (2003).
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , Issue.5 , pp. 802-808
    • Mapstone, M.1    Steffenella, T.M.2    Duffy, C.J.3
  • 126
    • 33244493744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurophysio- logical and perceptual correlates of navigational impairment in Alzheimer's disease
    • Kavcic V, Fernandez R, Logan D and Duffy CJ. Neurophysio- logical and perceptual correlates of navigational impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 129: 736-746 (2006).
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 736-746
    • Kavcic, V.1    Fernandez, R.2    Logan, D.3    Duffy, C.J.4
  • 127
    • 0015120820 scopus 로고
    • Interhemispheric differences in the localization of psychological processes in man
    • Milner B. Interhemispheric differences in the localization of psychological processes in man. Br Med Bull 27: 272-277 (1971).
    • (1971) Br Med Bull , vol.27 , pp. 272-277
    • Milner, B.1
  • 129
    • 0023880348 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological function in Alzheimer's disease: Pattern of impairment and rates of progression
    • Becker JT, Huff J, Nebes RD, Holland A and Boiler F. Neuropsychological function in Alzheimer's disease: Pattern of impairment and rates of progression. Arch Neurol 45: 263-268 (1988).
    • (1988) Arch Neurol , vol.45 , pp. 263-268
    • Becker, J.T.1    Huff, J.2    Nebes, R.D.3    Holland, A.4    Boiler, F.5
  • 130
    • 0033976206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical and typical presentations of Alzheimer's disease: A clinical neuropsychological, neuroimaging and pathological study of 13 cases
    • Galton CJ, Patterson K, Xuereb JH and Hodges JR. Atypical and typical presentations of Alzheimer's disease: A clinical neuropsychological, neuroimaging and pathological study of 13 cases. Brain 123: 484-498 (2000).
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , pp. 484-498
    • Galton, C.J.1    Patterson, K.2    Xuereb, J.H.3    Hodges, J.R.4
  • 131
    • 0001065218 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychology of Alzheimer's disease: The case for subgroups
    • In: Schwartz MF, Ed., The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Martin A. Neuropsychology of Alzheimer's disease: The case for subgroups. In: Schwartz MF, Ed. Modular deficits in Alzheimer- type disease. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 143-175 (1990).
    • (1990) Modular Deficits In Alzheimer- Type Disease , pp. 143-175
    • Martin, A.1
  • 132
    • 0028939592 scopus 로고
    • Visuospatial deficit in dementia of the Alzheimer type
    • Kaskie B and Storandt M. Visuospatial deficit in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch Neurol 52: 422-425 (1995).
    • (1995) Arch Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 422-425
    • Kaskie, B.1    Storandt, M.2
  • 133
    • 0030029033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greater relative impairment of object recognition than of visuospatial abilities in Alzheimer's disease
    • Kurylo DD, Corkin S and Rizzo JF. Greater relative impairment of object recognition than of visuospatial abilities in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 10: 74-81 (1996).
    • (1996) Neuropsychology , vol.10 , pp. 74-81
    • Kurylo, D.D.1    Corkin, S.2    Rizzo, J.F.3
  • 135
    • 1642568837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topographical disorientation in community-residing patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Pai MC and Jacobs WJ. Topographical disorientation in community-residing patients with Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 19(3): 250-255 (2004).
    • (2004) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 250-255
    • Pai, M.C.1    Jacobs, W.J.2
  • 137
  • 138
    • 0034286958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbances of spatial vision and object vision correlate differently with regional cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease
    • Fujimori M, Imamura T, Hirono N, Ishii K, Sasaki M and Moria E. Disturbances of spatial vision and object vision correlate differently with regional cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia 38: 1356-1361 (2000).
    • (2000) Neuropsychologia , vol.38 , pp. 1356-1361
    • Fujimori, M.1    Imamura, T.2    Hirono, N.3    Ishii, K.4    Sasaki, M.5    Moria, E.6
  • 139
    • 34548543162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced neuronal efficacy in progressive mild cognitive impairment: A prospective fMRI study on visuospatial processing
    • Vannini P, Almkvist O, Dierks T, Lehmann C and Wahlund LO. Reduced neuronal efficacy in progressive mild cognitive impairment: a prospective fMRI study on visuospatial processing. Psychiatr Res 156(1): 43-57 (2007).
    • (2007) Psychiatr Res , vol.156 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-57
    • Vannini, P.1    Almkvist, O.2    Dierks, T.3    Lehmann, C.4    Wahlund, L.O.5
  • 141
    • 0000119553 scopus 로고
    • Validity of the trail-making tests as an indication of organic brain damage
    • Reitan RM. Validity of the trail-making tests as an indication of organic brain damage. Percept Mot Skills 8: 271-276 (1958).
    • (1958) Percept Mot Skills , vol.8 , pp. 271-276
    • Reitan, R.M.1
  • 142
    • 0026557405 scopus 로고
    • Spatial recognition and spatial order memory in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type
    • Adelstein TB, Kesner KP, Strassberg DS. Spatial recognition and spatial order memory in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Neuropsychologia 30: 59-67 (1992).
    • (1992) Neuropsychologia , vol.30 , pp. 59-67
    • Adelstein, T.B.1    Kesner, K.P.2    Strassberg, D.S.3
  • 143
    • 0023904094 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of visuospatial memory and learning in Alzheimer-type dementia and Parkinson's disease
    • Sahakian BJ, Morris RG, Evenden JL, Heald A, Levy R, Philpot M, et al. A comparative study of visuospatial memory and learning in Alzheimer-type dementia and Parkinson's disease. Brain 111: 695-718 (1988).
    • (1988) Brain , vol.111 , pp. 695-718
    • Sahakian, B.J.1    Morris, R.G.2    Evenden, J.L.3    Heald, A.4    Levy, R.5    Philpot, M.6
  • 144
    • 0030821137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of the Location Learning Test (LLT): A test of visuo-spatial learning designed for use with older adults and in dementia
    • Bucks RS and Willison JR. Development and validation of the Location Learning Test (LLT): a test of visuo-spatial learning designed for use with older adults and in dementia. Clin Neuropsychologist 11: 273-286 (1997).
    • (1997) Clin Neuropsychologist , vol.11 , pp. 273-286
    • Bucks, R.S.1    Willison, J.R.2
  • 145
    • 0032230655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Storage and processing working memory functions in Alzheimer-type dementia
    • Vecchi T, Saveriano V and Paciaroni L. Storage and processing working memory functions in Alzheimer-type dementia. Behav Neurol 11: 227-231 (1998).
    • (1998) Behav Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 227-231
    • Vecchi, T.1    Saveriano, V.2    Paciaroni, L.3
  • 146
    • 15044364475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease on the performance of mental rotation
    • Lineweaver TT, Salmon DP, Bondi MW and Corey-Bloom J. Differential effects of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease on the performance of mental rotation. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 11(1): 30-39 (2005).
    • (2005) J Int Neuropsychol Soc , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-39
    • Lineweaver, T.T.1    Salmon, D.P.2    Bondi, M.W.3    Corey-Bloom, J.4
  • 147
    • 40949098191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early detection of Alzheimer's disease: A new working memory paradigm
    • Toepper M, Beblo T, Thomas C and Driessen M. Early detection of Alzheimer's disease: a new working memory paradigm. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 23(3): 272-278 (2008).
    • (2008) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 272-278
    • Toepper, M.1    Beblo, T.2    Thomas, C.3    Driessen, M.4
  • 148
    • 23944465682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit and explicit memory for spatial information in Alzheimer's disease
    • Kessels RP, Feijen J and Postma A. Implicit and explicit memory for spatial information in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 20: 184-191 (2005).
    • (2005) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.20 , pp. 184-191
    • Kessels, R.P.1    Feijen, J.2    Postma, A.3
  • 149
    • 39049087135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Item and associative memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: Performance on standardized memory tests
    • Troyer AK, Murphy KJ, Anderson ND, Hayman-Abello BA, Craik FI and Moscovitch M. Item and associative memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: performance on standardized memory tests. Neuropsychology 22(1): 10-16 (2008).
    • (2008) Neuropsychology , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-16
    • Troyer, A.K.1    Murphy, K.J.2    Anderson, N.D.3    Hayman-Abello, B.A.4    Craik, F.I.5    Moscovitch, M.6
  • 150
    • 43849113796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping progressive brain structural changes in early Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
    • Apostolova LG and Thompson PM. Mapping progressive brain structural changes in early Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia 46(6): 1597-1612 (2008).
    • (2008) Neuropsychologia , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 1597-1612
    • Apostolova, L.G.1    Thompson, P.M.2
  • 151
    • 7444253126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid protein biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease
    • Blennow K. Cerebrospinal fluid protein biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. NeuroRx 1(2): 213-225 (2004).
    • (2004) NeuroRx , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 213-225
    • Blennow, K.1
  • 152
    • 0032894121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biochemical pathway of neurofibrillary degeneration in aging and Alzheimer's disease
    • Delacourte A, David JP, Sergeant N, Buée L, Wattez A, Vermersch P, et al. The biochemical pathway of neurofibrillary degeneration in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 52(6): 1158-1165 (1999).
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.52 , Issue.6 , pp. 1158-1165
    • Delacourte, A.1    David, J.P.2    Sergeant, N.3    Buée, L.4    Wattez, A.5    Vermersch, P.6
  • 153
    • 0034127931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of structural magnetic resonance imaging to predict who will get Alzheimer's disease
    • Killiany RJ, Gomez-Isla T, Moss M, Kikinis R, Sandor T, Jolesz F, et al. Use of structural magnetic resonance imaging to predict who will get Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 47: 430-439 (2000).
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.47 , pp. 430-439
    • Killiany, R.J.1    Gomez-Isla, T.2    Moss, M.3    Kikinis, R.4    Sandor, T.5    Jolesz, F.6
  • 155
    • 0034046639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease with positron emission tomography
    • Jelic V and Nordberg A. Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease with positron emission tomography. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 14: S109-S113 (2000).
    • (2000) Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord , vol.14
    • Jelic, V.1    Nordberg, A.2
  • 157
  • 159
    • 0025837632 scopus 로고
    • Visuoconstructive performance and regional cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease
    • Ober BA, Jagust WJ, Koss E, Delis DC and Friedland RP. Visuoconstructive performance and regional cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 13: 752-772 (1991).
    • (1991) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.13 , pp. 752-772
    • Ober, B.A.1    Jagust, W.J.2    Koss, E.3    Delis, D.C.4    Friedland, R.P.5
  • 160
    • 0029786160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential metabolic involvement of visual cortical areas in a subtype of Alzheimer's disease: Clinical implications
    • Pietrini P, Furey ML, Graff-Radford N, Freo U, Alexander GE, Grady CL, et al. Preferential metabolic involvement of visual cortical areas in a subtype of Alzheimer's disease: clinical implications. Am J Psychiatry 153: 1261-1268 (1996).
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 1261-1268
    • Pietrini, P.1    Furey, M.L.2    Graff-Radford, N.3    Freo, U.4    Alexander, G.E.5    Grady, C.L.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.