Systematic review of oocyte donation: Investigating attitudes, motivations and experiences

Human Reproduction Update

Volumn 15, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 499-515

  Purewal, S ^a   van den Akker, O B A ^a,b  

^a MIDDLESEX UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b BIRMINGHAM CHILDREN S HOSPITAL NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Artificial reproductive technologies; Gamete donation; Infertility; Oocyte donation; Systematic review

Indexed keywords

ALTRUISM; CHILDLESSNESS; COMMERCIAL DONOR; COMPENSATION; DONOR; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; FEMALE; GENDER BIAS; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; INTERVIEW; KNOWN DONOR; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; MOTIVATION; OOCYTE DONATION; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PATIENT DONOR; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGENY; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; PSYCHOMETRY; QUESTIONNAIRE; RECIPIENT; REVIEW; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; VOLUNTEER DONOR;

ATTITUDE; COMMERCE; DISCLOSURE; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MOTIVATION; OOCYTE DONATION; PSYCHOLOGY; VOLUNTARY WORKERS;

EID: 69049096146     PISSN: 13554786     EISSN: 14602369     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmp018     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. Ahuja KK, Mostyn BJ, Simons EG. Egg sharing and egg donation: Attitudes of British egg donors and recipients. Hum Reprod 1997;12 2845-2852.
2. Ahuja KK, Simons EG, Mostyn BJ, Bowen-Simpkins P. As assessment of the motives and morals of egg share donors: Policy of 'payment' to egg donors requires a fair review. Hum Reprod 1998;13:2671-2678.
3. Almeling R. 'Why' do you want to be a donor': Gender and the production of altruism in egg and sperm donation. New Genet Soc 2006; 25 143-157.
4. American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM). Guidelines for oocyte donation. Fertil Steril 2004a;82:S13-S15.
5. American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM). Psychological assessments of gamete donors and recipients. Fertil Steril 2004b; 82:S18-S19.
6. American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM). Financial compensation of oocyte donors. Fertil Steril 2007;88:305-309.
7. Applegarth LD, Kingsberg SA. The donor as patient: Assessment and support. In: Burns LH, Covington SN (eds). Infertility Counselling: A Comprehensive Handbook for Clinicians. New York: The Parthenon Publishing Group, 1999, 357-374.
8. Baluch B, Fallone A, Anderson R, Furnham A, Aghssa MM. Women's attitudes to egg donation and sperm donation: A cross cultural study. Psychology 1994;31:5-8.
9. Bartlett JA. Psychiatric issues in non-anonymous oocyte donation. Motivations and expectations of women donors and recipients. Psychosomatics 1991;32:433-437.
10. Baykal B, Korkmaz C, Ceyhan ST, Goktolga U, Baser I. Opinions of infertile Turkish women on gamete donation and gestational surrogacy. Fertil Steril 2008;89:817-822.
11. Beatens P, Devroey P, Camus M, van Steirteghen A, Ponjaert-Kristofferse I. Counselling couples and donors for oocyte donation: The decision to use either known or anonymous oocytes. Hum Reprod 2000;15 476-484.
12. Bharadwaj A. Why adoption is not an option in India: The visibility of infertility, the secrecy of donor insemination, and other cultural complexities. Soc Sci Med 2003;56:1867-1880.
13. Blyth E. Patient experiences of an 'egg sharing' programme. Hum Fertil 2004;7:157-162.
14. Blyth E, Frith L. The UK's gamete donor 'crisis' - a critical analysis. Crit Soc Policy 2008;28:74-95.
15. Bolton V, Golombok S, Cook R, Bish A, Rust J. A comparative study of attitudes towards donor insemination and egg donation in recipients, potential donors and the public. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1991; 12:217-228.
16. Braverman AM, Corson SL. A comparison of oocyte donors' and gestational carriers/surrogates' attitudes towards third party reproduction. J Assist Reprod Genet 2002;19:462-469.
17. Brett S, Sacranie RR, Thomas GE, Rajkhowa R. Can we improve recruitment of oocyte donors with loss of donor anonymity? A hospital-based survey. Hum Fertil 2008;11:101-107.
18. Byrd LM, Sidebotham M, Lieberman B. Egg donation-the donor's views: An aid to future recruitment. Hum Fertil 2002;5:175-182.
19. Chliaoutakis JE. A relationship between traditionally motivated patterns and gamete donation and surrogacy in urban areas of Greece. Hum Reprod 2002;17:2187-2191.
20. Chliaoutakis JE, Koukouli S, Papadakaki M. Using attitudinal indicators to explain the public's intention to have recourse to gamete donation and surrogacy. Hum Reprod 2002;17:2995-3002.
21. Craft I, Flyckt S, Heeley G, Layland S, Thornhill A, Kelada E.Will removal of anonymity influence the recruitment of egg donors? A survey of past donors and recipients. Reprod Biomed Online 2005;10 325-329.
22. Culley L, Hudson N, Johnson M, Rapport S, Katbamna S. 'I know about one treatment where they keep the egg somewhere'. British South Asian community understandings of infertility and its treatment. Diversity Health Social Care 2007;4:113-121.
23. Daniels K. Anonymity and openness and the recruitment of gamete donors. Part 1: Semen donors'. Hum Fertil 2007a;10:151-158.
24. Daniels K. Anonymity and openness and the recruitment of gamete donors. Part 2: Oocyte donors. Hum Fertil 2007b;10:223-231.
25. ESHRE Task Force on Ethics and Law. Cross border reproductive care. Hum Reprod 2008;23:2182-2184.
26. Fielding D, Handley S, Duqueno L, Weaver S, Lui S. Motivation, attitudes and experiences of donation: A follow up of women donating eggs in assisted conception treatment. J Community Appl Soc Psychol 1998; 8:273-287.
27. Frith L, Blyth E, Farrand A. UK gamete donors' reflections on the removal of anonymity: Implications for recruitment. Hum Reprod 2007; 2:1675-1680.
28. Greenfeld DA, Mazure CM, Olive DL, Keefe DL. Similarities and differences between anonymous and directed candidates for oocyte donation. J Assist Reprod Genet 1995;12:118-122.
29. Heng BC. The advent of international 'mail order' egg donation. BJOG 2006;113:1225-1227.
30. HOOO. The hands off mission 2006. http://www.handsoffourovaries.com/mission.htm; Last accessed 10/04/2008.
31. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA). Consultation on the implementation of withdrawal of payments to donors. London: HFEA, 1998.
32. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA). Disclosure of Donor Information Regulations 2004. London: HFEA, 2004.
33. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA). Facts and Figures: Number of sperm and egg donors, 2007. [Online]. http://www.hfea.gov.uk/en/1459.html (6 September 2008, date last accessed).
34. Inhorn MC. Making Muslim babies: IVF and gamete donation in Sunni versus Shi'a Islam. Cult Med Psychiatry 2006;30:427-450.
35. Isikoglu M, Senol Y, Berkkanoglu M, Ozgur K, Donmez L, Stones-Abbasi A. Public opinion regarding oocyte donation in Turkey: Fist data from a secular population among the Islamic world. Hum Reprod 2006;21 318-323.
36. Jordan CB, Belar CD, Williams RS. Anonymous oocyte donation: A follow-up analysis of donors' experiences. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2004;25:145-151.
37. Kailasam C, Sykes K, Jenkins J. A Survey of public's attitudes to gamete donation. J Fertil Counselling 2001;8:45-48.
38. Kalfoglou AL, Geller G. A follow-up study with oocyte donors exploring their experiences, knowledge, and attitudes about the use of their oocytes and the outcome of the donation. Fertil Steril 2000a;74 660-667.
39. Kalfoglou AL, Geller G. Navigating conflicts of interest in oocyte donation: An analysis of donors' experiences. Womens Health Issues 2000b; 10:226-239.
40. Kalfoglou AL, Gittelsohn J. A qualitative follow-up of women's experiences with oocyte donation. Hum Reprod 2000;15:798-805.
41. Kan AKS, Abdalla HI, Ogunyemi BO, Korea L, Latarche E. A survey of anonymous oocyte donors: Demographics. Hum Reprod 1998; 13 2762-2766.
42. Kazem R, Thompson LA, Hamilton MPR, Templeton A. Current attitudes towards egg donation among men and women. Hum Reprod 1995; 10 1543-1548.
43. Kenney NJ, McGowan ML. Looking back: Egg donors' retrospective evaluations of their motivations, expectations, and experiences during their first donation cycle. Fertil Steril 2009 (in press). doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.09.081.
44. Khalili MA, Isikoglu M, Ghasemi M. Attitudes of Christians and Muslims to an oocyte donation program in Iran. Eubios J Asian Int Bioeth 2006; 16:66-71.
45. Khamsi F, Endman MW, Lacanna IC, Wong J. Some psychological aspects of oocyte donation from known donors on altruistic basis. Fertil Steril 1997;68:323-327.
46. Kirkland A, Power M, Burton G, Baber R, Studd J, Abdalla H. Comparison of attitudes of donors and recipients to oocyte donation. Hum Reprod 1992;7:355-357.
47. Kirkman M. Egg and embryo donation and the meaning of motherhood. Women Health 2003;38:1-18.
48. Klein J, Sauer MV. Oocyte donation. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2002;16:277-291.
49. Klock SC, Braverman AM, Rausch DT. Predicting anonymous egg donor satisfaction: A preliminary study. J Womens Health 1998;7 229-237.
50. Klock SC, Stout JE, Davidson M. Analysis of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 profiles of prospective anonymous oocyte donors in relation to the outcome of the selection process. Fertil Steril 1999;72:1066-1072.
51. Klock SC, Stout JE, Davidson M. Psychological characteristics and factors related to willingness to donate again among anonymous oocyte donors. Fertil Steril 2003;79:1312-1316.
52. Lessor R, Reitz K, Balmaceda J, Asch R. A survey of public attitude toward oocyte donation between sisters. Hum Reprod 1990;5 889-892.
53. Lessor R, Cervantes N, O'Connor N, Balmaceda J, Asch RH. An analysis of social and psychological characteristics of women volunteering to become oocyte donors. Fertil Steril 1993;59:65-71.
54. Lindheim SR, Chase J, Sauer MV. Assessing the influence of payment on motivations of women participating as oocyte donors. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2001;52:89-92.
55. Lutjen P, Trounson A, Leeton J, Findlay J, Wood C, Renou P. The establishment and maintenance of pregnancy using in vitro fertilisation and embryo donation in a patient with primary ovarian failure. Nature 1984;307:174-175.
56. Lyall H, Murray E, Glasier A, Baird DT. Donated ovarian tissue in embryo research and assisted conception-the view of women of reproductive age. Hum Reprod 1995;10:1242-1245.
57. Moher D, Pham B, Klassen TP et al. Does the language of publication of reports of randomised trials influence the estimates of intervention effectiveness reported in meta-analyses? Syst Rev Evid Action Int Cochrane Colloq 6th 1998 1998;6:70.
58. Murray C, Golombok S. Oocyte and semen donation: A survey of UK licensed centres. Hum Reprod 2000;15:2133-2139.
59. Oskarsson T, Dimitry ES, Mills MS, Hunt J, Winston RML. Attitudes towards gamete donation among couples undergoing in vitro fertilisation. BJOG 1991;98:351-356.
60. Patrick M, Smith AL, Meyer WR, Bashford RA. Anonymous oocyte donation: A follow up questionnaire. Fertil Steril 2001;75:1034-1036.
61. Pennings G. Commentary on Craft and Thornhill: New ethical strategies to recruit gamete donors. Reprod Biomed Online 2005;10:307-309.
62. Pennings G. Mirror gametes donation. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2007; 28:187-191.
63. Power M, Baber R, Abdalla H, Kirkland A, Leonard T, Studd JWW. A comparison of the attitudes of volunteer donors and infertile patient donors on an ovum donation programme. Hum Reprod 1990;5 352-355.
64. Purewal S, van den Akker OBA. British women's attitudes towards oocyte donation: Ethnic differences and altruism. Patient Educ Couns 2006;64:43-49.
65. Purewal S, van den Akker OBA. Attitudes and intentions towards volunteer oocyte donation. Reprod Biomed Online 2009 (in press).
66. Raoul-Duval A, Letur-Konirsch H, Frydman R. Anonymous oocyte donation: A psychological study of recipients, donors and children. Hum Reprod 1992;7:51-54.
67. Rapport F. Exploring the beliefs and experiences of potential egg share donors. J Adv Nurs 2003;43:28-42.
68. Roberts C, Throsby K. Paid to share: IVF patients, eggs and stem cell research. Soc Sci Med 2008;66:159-169.
69. Rosenberg H, Epstein Y. Follow-up study of anonymous ovum donors. Hum Reprod 1995;10:2741-2747.
70. Sauer MV, Paulson RJ. Oocyte donors: A demographic analysis of women at the University of Southern California. Hum Reprod 1992; 7 726-728.
71. Schover LR, Reis J, Collins RL, Blankstein J, Kanoti G, Quigley MM. The psychological evaluation of oocyte donors'. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1990;11:299-309.
72. Schover LR, Collins RL, Quigley MM, Blankstein J, Kanoti G. Psychological follow-up of women evaluated as oocyte donors. Hum Reprod 1991; 6:1487-1491.
73. Schover LR, Rothmann SA, Collins RL. The personality and motivation of semen donors: A comparison with oocyte donors. Hum Reprod 1992; 7:575-579.
74. Shaw R. The gift-exchange and reciprocity of women in donor-assisted conception. Sociol Rev 2007;55:293-310.
75. Skoog-Svanberg A, Lampic C, Bergh T, Lundkvisk Ö. Characterisation of potential oocyte donors in Sweden. Hum Reprod 2003a; 18 2205-2215.
76. Skoog-Svanberg A, Lampic C, Bergh T, Lundkvist Ö. Public opinion regarding oocyte donation in Sweden. Hum Reprod 2003b; 18 1107-1114.
77. Snowdon C. What makes a mother? Interviews with women involved in egg donation and surrogacy. Birth 1994;21:77-84.
78. Söderström-Anttila V. Follow-up study of Finnish volunteer oocyte donors concerning their attitudes to oocyte donation. Hum Reprod 1995; 10:3073-3076.
79. Söderström-Anttila V, Foudila T, Hovatta O. Oocyte donation in infertility treatment. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001;80 191-199.
80. Thornton A, Lee P. Publication bias in meta-analysis: Its causes and consequences. J Clin Epidemiol 2000;53:207-216.
81. Urdapilleta L, Chillik C, Fernández D. Do fertile and infertile people think differently about ovum donation. J Assist Reprod Genet 2001;18:1-7.
82. van den Akker OBA. A review of gamete donor family constructs: Current research and future directions'. Hum Reprod Update 2006; 12 91-101.
83. Warnock Report. Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology. London: HMSO, 1984.
84. Warren N, Blood J. Who donates? Why donate? An exploration of the characteristics and motivations of known egg donors: The Victoria, Australia experience. J Fertil Counselling 2003;10:20-24.
85. Weil E, Cornet D, Sibony C, Mandelbaum J, Salat-Baroux J. Psychological aspects in anonymous and non-anonymous oocyte donation. Hum Reprod 1994;9:1344-1347.
86. Westlander G, Janson PO, Tägnfors U, Bergh C. Attitudes of different groups of women in Sweden to oocyte donation and oocyte research. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1998;77:317-321.
87. Winter A, Daniluk JC. A gift from the heart: The experiences of women whose egg donation helped their sisters become mothers. J Couns Dev 2004;82:483-495.
88. Yee S, Hitkari JA, Greenblatt EM. A follow-up study of women who donated oocytes to known recipients couples for altruistic reasons. Hum Reprod 2007;22:2040-2050.
89. Zweifel JE, Rathert MA, Klock SC, Walaski HP, Pritts EA, Olive DL, Lindheim SR. Comparative assessment of pre- and post-donation attitudes towards potential oocyte and embryo disposition and management among ovum donors in an oocyte donation programme. Hum Reprod 2006;21 1325-1327.