HBeAg seroconversion as an important end point in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B

Hepatology International

Volumn 3, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 425-433

  Liaw, Yun Fan ^a  

^a CHANG GUNG UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Chronic hepatitis B; HBeAg seroconversion; Hepatitis B virus; Interferon alfa; Nucleoside analogue

Indexed keywords

ADEFOVIR; ALPHA INTERFERON; ENTECAVIR; HEPATITIS B(E) ANTIGEN; LAMIVUDINE; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA2A; PLACEBO; TELBIVUDINE; TENOFOVIR; VIRUS DNA;

CLINICAL TRIAL; COHORT ANALYSIS; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; LIVER CELL; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER FAILURE; LIVER FIBROSIS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; LONG TERM CARE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELAPSE; REMISSION; REVIEW; SEROCONVERSION; SOCIOECONOMICS; SURVIVAL RATE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 68949146886     PISSN: 19360533     EISSN: 19360541     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12072-009-9140-3     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. World Health Organization. Hepatitis B fact sheets. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en. Accessed 27 Oct 2008
2. Beasley RP. Hepatitis B virus. The major etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1988;61:1942-1956
3. Lesmana LA, Leung NW, Mahachai V, Phiet PH, Suh DJ, Yao G, et al. Hepatitis B: Overview of the burden of disease in the Asia-Pacific region. Liver Int 2006;26:3-10
4. Yang HI, Lu SN, Liaw YF, You SL, Sun CA, Wang LY, et al. Hepatitis B e antigen and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2002;347:168-174
5. Yu MW, Yeh SH, Chen PJ, Liaw YF, Lin CL, Liu CJ, et al. Hepatitis B virus genotype and DNA level and hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective study in men. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:265-272
6. Iloeje UH, Yang HI, Su J, Jen CL, You SL, Chen CJ, et al. Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load. Gastroenterology 2006;130:678-686
7. Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, Jen CL, You SL, Lu SN, et al. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA 2006;295:65-67
8. Hsu YS, Chien RN, Yeh CT, Sheen IS, Chiou HY, Chu CM, et al. Long-term outcome after spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2002;35:1522-1527
9. Chu CM, Hung SJ, Lin J, Tai DI, Liaw YF. Natural history of hepatitis B e antigen to antibody seroconversion in patients with normal serum aminotransferase levels. Am J Med 2004;116:829-834
10. Chu CM, Liaw YF. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection acquired in childhood: Special emphasis on prognostic and therapeutic implication of delayed HBeAg seroconversion. J Viral Hepatol 2007;14:147-152
11. Chu CM, Liaw YF. Predictive factors for reactivation of hepatitis B following hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 2007;133:1458-1465
12. Niederau C, Heintges T, Lange S, Goldmann G, Niederau CM, Mohr L, et al. Long-term follow-up of HBeAg-positive patients treated with interferon Alfa for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1422-1427
13. Lin SM, Sheen IS, Chien RN, Chu CM, Liaw YF. Long-term beneficial effect of interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 1999;29:971-975
14. Lin SM, Yu ML, Lee CM, Chien RN, Sheen IS, Chu CM, et al. Interferon therapy in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis reduces progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2007;46:45-52
15. Liaw YF, Leung N, Kao JH, Piratvisuth T, Gane E, Han KH, et al. Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: A 2008 update. Hepatol Int 2008;2:263-283
16. Keeffe EB, Dieterich DT, Han SH, Jacobson IM, Martin P, Schiff ER, et al. A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: 2008 update. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;6:1315-1341
17. Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2007;45:507-539
18. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2009;50:227-242
19. Mommeja-Marin H, Mondou E, Blum MR, Rousseau F. Serum HBV DNA as a marker of efficacy during therapy for chronic HBV infection: Analysis and review of the literature. Hepatology 2003;37:1309-1319
20. Liaw YF, Sung JJ, Chow WC, Farrell G, Lee CZ, Yuen H, et al. Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1521-1531
21. Marcellin P, Lau GK, Bonino F, Farci P, Hadziyannis S, Jin R, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a alone, lamivudine alone, and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1206-1217
22. Lai CL, Gane E, Liaw YF, Hsu CW, Thongsawat S, Wang Y, et al. Telbivudine versus lamivudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2576-2588
23. Gish RG, Lok AS, Chang TT, de Man RA, Gadano A, Sollano J, et al. Entecavir therapy for up to 96 weeks in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 2007;133:1437-1444
24. Marcellin P, Chang TT, Lim SG, Sievert W, Tong M, Arterburn S, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2008;48:750-758
25. Fattovich G, Brollo L, Giustina G, Noventa F, Pontisso P, Alberti A, et al. Natural history and prognostic factors for chronic hepatitis type B. Gut 1991;32:294-298
26. Kao JH, Chen PJ, Lai MY, Chen DS. Hepatitis B genotypes correlate with clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 2000;118:554-559
27. Liaw YF. Hepatitis B virus replication and liver disease progression: the impact of antiviral therapy. Antivir Ther 2006;11:669-679
28. Liaw YF, Chu CM. Hepatitis B virus infection. Lancet 2009;373:582-592
29. Hui CK, Leung N, Yuen ST, Zhang HY, Leung KW, Lu L, et al. Natural history and disease progression in Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients in immune-tolerant phase. Hepatology 2007;46:395-401
30. Chang MH, Hsu HY, Hsu HC, Ni YH, Chen JS, Chen DS. The significance of spontaneous hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in childhood: With special emphasis on the clearance of hepatitis B e antigen before 3 years of age. Hepatology 1995;22:1387-1392
31. Chu CM, Sheen IS, Lin SM, Liaw YF. Sex difference in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Studies of serum HBeAg and alanine aminotransferase levels in 10, 431 asymptomatic Chinese HBsAg carriers. Clin Infect Dis 1993;16:709-713
32. Liaw YF, Yang SS, Chen TJ, Chu CM. Acute exacerbation in hepatitis B e antigen positive chronic type B hepatitis. A clinicopathological study. J Hepatol 1985;1:227-233
33. Liu CJ, Chen PJ, Lai MY, Lin FY, Wang T, Kao JH, et al. Viral factors correlate with hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Liver Int 2006;26:949-955
34. Hui CK, Leung N, Shek TW, Yao H, Lee WK, Lai JY, et al. Sustained disease remission after spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion is associated with reduction in fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis B Chinese patients. Hepatology 2007;46:690-698
35. Chu CM, Liaw YF. HBsAg seroclearance in asymptomatic carriers of high endemic areas: Appreciably high rates during a long-term follow up. Hepatology 2007;45:1187-1192
36. Chen YC, Sheen IS, Chu CM, Liaw YF. Prognosis following spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B patients with or without concurrent infection. Gastroenterology 2002;123:1084-1089
37. Fattovich G, Bortolotti F, Donato F. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B: Special emphasis on disease progression and prognostic factors. J Hepatol 2008;48:335-352
38. Chu CM, Liaw YF. Spontaneous relapse of hepatitis in inactive HBsAg carriers. Hepatol Int 2007;1:311-315
39. You SL, Yang HI, Chen CJ. Seropositivity of hepatitis B e antigen and hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Med 2004;36:215-224
40. van Zonneveld M, Honkoop P, Hansen BE, Niesters HG, Murad SD, de Man RA, et al. Long-term follow-up of alpha-interferon treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2004;39:804-810
41. Yang PM, Chen DS, Lai MY, Su IJ, Huang GT, Lin JT, et al. Clinicopathologic studies of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers: With special emphasis on carriers older than 40 years. Hepatogastroenterology 1987;34:251-254
42. Liaw YF, Tai DI, Chu CM, Chen TJ. The development of cirrhosis in patients with chronic type B hepatitis: A prospective study. Hepatology 1988;8:493-496
43. Lau GK, Piratvisuth T, Luo KX, Marcellin P, Thongsawat S, Cooksley G, et al. Peginterferon Alfa-2a, lamivudine, and the combination for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2682-2695
44. Janssen HL, van Zonneveld M, Senturk H, Zeuzem S, Akarca US, Cakaloglu Y, et al. Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: A randomised trial. Lancet 2005;365:123-129
45. Chan HL, Leung NW, Hui AY, Wong VW, Liew CT, Chim AM, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of combination therapy for chronic hepatitis B: Comparing pegylated interferon-alpha2b and lamivudine with lamivudine alone. Ann Intern Med 2005;142:240-250
46. Lau GKK, Piratvisuth T, Luo KX, et al. Durability of response and occurrence of late response to peginterferon alpha-2a (40KD) [PEGASYS] one year post-treatment in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2006;44(Suppl 2):S23-S24. Meeting Abstract: 50
47. Piratvisuth T, Lau G, Chao YC, et al. Sustained response to peginterferon alfa-2a (40 kD) with or without lamivudine in Asian patients with HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Int 2008;2:102-110
48. Liaw YF. On-treatment outcome prediction and adjustment during chronic hepatitis B therapy: Now and future. Antivir Ther 2009;14:13-22
49. Chien RN, Liaw YF, Atkins M, Asian Hepatitis Lamivudine Trial Group. Pretherapy alanine transaminase level as a determinant for hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion during lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 1999;30:770-774
50. Song BC, Suh DJ, Lee HC, Chung YH, Lee YS. Hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion after lamivudine therapy is not durable in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Korea. Hepatology 2000;32:803-806
51. Chang TT, Gish RG, de Man R, Gadano A, Sollano J, Chao YC, et al. A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1001-1010
52. Hou J, Yin YK, Xu D, Tan D, Niu J, Zhou X, et al. Telbivudine versus lamivudine in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B: Results at 1 year of a randomized, double-blind trial. Hepatology 2008;47:447-454
53. Wang Y, Hou JL, Chutaputti A. Sustained durability of HBeAg seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with telbivudine or lamivudine. Hepatol Int 2008;2:S165. Abstract no. PP-363
54. Marcellin P, Heathcote EJ, Buti M, Gane E, de Man RA, Krastev Z, et al. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus adefovir dipivoxil for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2008;359:2442-2455
55. Liaw YF, Gane E, Leung N, Zeuzem S, Wang Y, Lai CL, et al 2-Year GLOBE trial results: Telbivudine is superior to lamivudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 2009;136:486-495
56. Poynard T, Hou JL, Chutaputti A, Manns M, Naoumov N. Sustained durability of HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2008;48:S263-264. Abstract no. 706
57. Lavanchy D. Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures. J Viral Hepatol 2004;11:97-107
58. Liaw YF. Antiviral therapies of chronic hepatitis B: Opportunities and challenges in Asia. J Hepatol 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.04.003
59. Taiwan Bureau of National Health Insurance. Medical care of liver disease [in Chinese]. [November 11]. Available from: http://www.nhi.gov.tw/06inquire/query8_detail.asp?News_ID=380. Accessed 6 Feb 2009
60. Sullivan SD, Veenstra DL, Chen PJ, Chang TT, Chuang WL, Tsai C, et al. Cost-effectiveness of peginterferon alpha-2a compared to lamivudine treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigen positive chronic hepatitis B in Taiwan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;22:1494-1499
61. Li SC, Ong SC, Lim SG, Yeoh KG, Kwong KS, Lee V, et al. A cost comparison of management of chronic hepatitis B and its associated complications in Hong Kong and Singapore. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004;38(10 Suppl 3):S136-S143
62. Yang BM, Kim CH, Kim JY. Cost of chronic hepatitis B infection in South Korea. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004;38(10 Suppl 3):S153-S157
63. Dan YY, Aung MO, Lim SG. The economics of treating chronic hepatitis B in Asia. Hepatol Int 2008;2:284-295
64. Spackman DE, Veenstra DL. A cost-effectiveness analysis of currently approved treatments for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Pharmacoeconomics 2008;26:937-949
65. Takeda A, Jones J, Shepherd J, Davidson P, Price A. A systematic review and economic evaluation of adefovir dipivoxil and pegylated interferon-alpha-2a for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepatol 2007;14:75-88
66. Chien RN, Yeh CT, Tsai SL, Chu CM, Liaw YF. Determinants for sustained HBeAg response to lamivudine therapy. Hepatology 2003;38:1267-1273
67. Yoon SK, Jang JW, Kim CW, Bae SH, Choi JY, Choi SW, et al. Long-term results of lamivudine monotherapy in Korean patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: Response and relapse rates, and factors related to durability of HBeAg seroconversion. Intervirology 2005;48:341-349