Robustness of trans-European gas networks

Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

Volumn 80, Issue 1, 2009, Pages

  Carvalho, Rui ^a   Buzna, Lubos ^b,c   Bono, Flavio ^d   Gutiérrez, Eugenio ^d   Just, Wolfram ^a   Arrowsmith, David ^a  

^a QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ILINA   (Slovakia)

^d JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETWEENNESS CENTRALITY; COMPLEMENTARY METHODS; ERROR TOLERANT; FAULT-TOLERANT; GAS NETWORKS; GAS PIPELINE NETWORKS; GLOBAL LOADS; HIGH LOAD; MAXIMUM FLOWS; NETWORK CAPACITY; SHORTEST PATH; TOPOLOGICAL DATA;

GAS PIPELINES; NATURAL GAS PIPELINES;

PIPELINES;

EID: 68949128603     PISSN: 15393755     EISSN: 15502376     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.80.016106     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. http://www.aps.org/energyefficiencyreport/
2. Nature (London) 454, 551 (2008).
3. D. J. Watts and S. H. Strogatz, Nature (London) 393, 440 (1998). 10.1038/30918
4. M. L. Sachtjen, B. A. Carreras, and V. E. Lynch, Phys. Rev. E 61, 4877 (2000). 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.4877
5. A. E. Motter and Y.-C. Lai, Phys. Rev. E 66, 065102 (R) (2002). 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.065102
6. R. Albert, I. Albert, and G. L. Nakarado, Phys. Rev. E 69, 025103 (R) (2004). 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.025103
7. R. Kinney, P. Crucitti, R. Albert, and V. Latora, Eur. Phys. J. B 46, 101 (2005). 10.1140/epjb/e2005-00237-9
8. V. Rosato, S. Bologna, and F. Tiriticco, Electr. Power Syst. Res. 77, 99 (2007). 10.1016/j.epsr.2005.05.013
9. I. Simonsen, L. Buzna, K. Peters, S. Bornholdt, and D. Helbing, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 218701 (2008). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.218701
10. R. V. Sole, M. Rosas-Casals, B. Corominas-Murtra, and S. Valverde, Phys. Rev. E 77, 026102 (2008). 10.1103/PhysRevE.77.026102
11. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/
12. M. Reymond, Energy Policy 35, 4169 (2007). 10.1016/j.enpol.2007.02.030
13. D. H. Kim and A. E. Motter, J. Phys. A 41, 224019 (2008). 10.1088/1751-8113/41/22/224019
14. P. Crucitti, V. Latora, and M. Marchiori, Phys. Rev. E 69, 045104 (R) (2004). 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.045104
15. A. E. Motter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 098701 (2004). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93. 098701
16. http://www.platts.com
17. A. H. Robinson, J. L. Morrison, P. C. Muehrcke, A. J. Kimerling, and S. C. Guptill, Elements of Cartography (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1995).
18. http://www.gie.eu.com
19. BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2008 (unpublished).
20. R. Sole found similar results for European power grids.
21. http://www.eia.doe.gov/
22. L. A. N. Amaral, A. Scala, M. Barthelemy, and H. E. Stanley, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 11149 (2000). 10.1073/pnas.200327197
23. M. Rosas-Casals, S. Valverde, and R. V. Sole, Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos Appl. Sci. Eng. 17, 2465 (2007).
24. T. Williams, Pipeline Gas J. (2007), 56.
25. D. Helbing, S. Lammer, U. Witt, and T. Brenner, Phys. Rev. E 70, 056118 (2004). 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.056118
26. M. T. Gastner and M. E. J. Newman, Phys. Rev. E 74, 016117 (2006). 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.016117
27. S. Mukherjee and N. Gupte, Phys. Rev. E 77, 036121 (2008). 10.1103/PhysRevE.77.036121
28. L. C. Freeman, Sociometry 40, 35 (1977). 10.2307/3033543
29. D. Koschützki, K. A. Lehmann, L. Peeters, S. Richter, D. Tenfelde-Podehl, and O. Zlotowski, in Network Analysis, edited by, U. Brandes, and, T. Erlebach, (Springer, New York, 2005).
30. M. E. J. Newman, Phys. Rev. E 64, 016132 (2001). 10.1103/PhysRevE.64. 016132
31. K. I. Goh, B. Kahng, and D. Kim, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 278701 (2001). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.278701
32. K. I. Goh define load similarly to the betweenness centrality, but the two measures are different in the presence of more than one shortest path between two nodes.
33. A. Barrat, M. Barthelemy, and A. Vespignani, J. Stat. Mech.: Theory Exp. (2005) P05003. 10.1088/1742-5468/2005/05/P05003
34. R. K. Ahuja, T. L. Magnanti, and J. B. Orlin, Network Flows: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1993).
35. To transform the undirected network to a directed network, we replace each undirected link between nodes i and j with two directed links eij and eji, both with capacity cij.
36. H. Frank and I. T. Frisch, Communication, Transmission, and Transportation Networks (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1971).
37. D. Jungnickel, Graphs, Networks, and Algorithms (Springer, New York, 2007).
38. V. Latora and M. Marchiori, Phys. Rev. E 71, 015103 (R) (2005). 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.015103
39. J. R. Banavar, A. Maritan, and A. Rinaldo, Nature (London) 399, 130 (1999). 10.1038/20144
40. M. T. Gastner and M. E. J. Newman, J. Stat. Mech.: Theory Exp. (2006) P01015. 10.1088/1742-5468/2006/01/P01015
41. E. Almaas, B. Kovacs, T. Vicsek, Z. N. Oltvai, and A. L. Barabasi, Nature (London) 427, 839 (2004). 10.1038/nature02289
42. M. Durand and D. Weaire, Phys. Rev. E 70, 046125 (2004). 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.046125
43. M. Durand, Phys. Rev. E 73, 016116 (2006). 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.016116
44. L. D. Landau and E. Lifshitz, Fluid Mechanics, Course of Theoretical Physics Vol. 6 (Butterworth-Heinemann, London, 1987).
45. F. M. White, Fluid Mechanics (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1999).
46. Gas Transmission Europe Tech. Report No. 03CA043 (2003).