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For several excellent recent reviews related to morphine biological action, biogenesis, total syntheses, and various approaches, see, inter alia
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68949160724
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The star performers in the team of molecular acrobats are undoubtedly the alkaloids of the morphine group. Robinson, R. Proc. R. Soc. London 1947, B135, xiv.
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"The star performers in the team of molecular acrobats are undoubtedly the alkaloids of the morphine group." Robinson, R. Proc. R. Soc. London 1947, B135, xiv.
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Starting with early unsuccessful synthesis attempts: Stork, G.; Conroy, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 4748-4751.
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45
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68949150628
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See also:, Manske, R. H. F, Holmes, H. L, Eds, Academic Press: New York, Chapter 8, Part II, pp
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For intermolecular additions to benzofurans, see: Wenkert, E.; Piettre, S. R. J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 5850-5853,
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For intramolecular, B-seco morphine related, 4 + 2 additions to benzofurans, see. (a) Ciganek, E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 6261-6262.
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For intramolecular, B-seco morphine related, 4 + 2 additions to benzofurans, see. (a) Ciganek, E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 6261-6262.
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The possibility of a direct formation of a phenanthrofuran system via an intramolecular Diels Alder was considered by Parsons, P. J. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 197.
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51
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68949151663
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For different approaches to phenanthrofuran precursors of morphine alkaloids, see inter alia: Fuchs, P. M. (ref 1n). Parker, K. A. (ref 1p).
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For different approaches to phenanthrofuran precursors of morphine alkaloids, see inter alia: Fuchs, P. M. (ref 1n). Parker, K. A. (ref 1p).
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53
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68949147624
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Experimental details of the synthesis of 1,3-pentadienecarbinol 5 from the benzofurancarboxaldehyde 10 are described in the Supporting Information, as is the X-ray of the acetate of Diels-Alder adduct 6. That X-ray showed that selective formation of a specific diastereomer of the secondary hydroxyl in ring B of 6 had taken place. This is potentially useful because, even though that hydroxyl would have to be removed at some future point, it means that one could select the correct enantiomer of starting carbinol 5 to produce either enantiomer of the synthetic alkaloid. We did not take advantage of that possibility because enantioinduction was not a goal of our work. The synthetic substances synthesized in this work are racemic: the structural drawings in this work indicate their relative stereochemistry
-
Experimental details of the synthesis of 1,3-pentadienecarbinol 5 from the benzofurancarboxaldehyde 10 are described in the Supporting Information, as is the X-ray of the acetate of Diels-Alder adduct 6. That X-ray showed that selective formation of a specific diastereomer of the secondary hydroxyl in ring B of 6 had taken place. This is potentially useful because, even though that hydroxyl would have to be removed at some future point, it means that one could select the correct enantiomer of starting carbinol 5 to produce either enantiomer of the synthetic alkaloid. We did not take advantage of that possibility because enantioinduction was not a goal of our work. The synthetic substances synthesized in this work are racemic: the structural drawings in this work indicate their relative stereochemistry.
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For a related case, cf: Henke, B. R. et al J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 2706-2725.
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For a related case, cf: Henke, B. R. et al J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 2706-2725.
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68949101291
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Possibly as a result of attraction between the carbonyl of the ester and the OTES group
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Possibly as a result of attraction between the carbonyl of the ester and the OTES group.
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62
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68949142405
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Actually, because the enol ether system precursor of the acetaldehyde chain is itself an (operationally irrelevant) E/Z mixture, convergence to a single ketone was cleanly observable only after hydrolysis of enol ether 17 to the related aldehyde.
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Actually, because the enol ether system precursor of the acetaldehyde chain is itself an (operationally irrelevant) E/Z mixture, convergence to a single ketone was cleanly observable only after hydrolysis of enol ether 17 to the related aldehyde.
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For an early example of an uneventful intermolecular displacement of the primary halide in 2-bromoethylbenzene by a secondary amine, in benzene, see: Foreman, E. L.; McElvain, S. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 1435-1438.
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For an early example of an uneventful intermolecular displacement of the primary halide in 2-bromoethylbenzene by a secondary amine, in benzene, see: Foreman, E. L.; McElvain, S. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 1435-1438.
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67
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As described in the Supporting Information, the 61% yield in that oxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide/selenium dioxide in methylene dichloride was obtained only in the presence of a small amount of water. The observed regiochemistry may reflect the smaller structural distortion required for that transition state over the alternative. See also ref 1v.
-
As described in the Supporting Information, the 61% yield in that oxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide/selenium dioxide in methylene dichloride was obtained only in the presence of a small amount of water. The observed regiochemistry may reflect the smaller structural distortion required for that transition state over the alternative. See also ref 1v.
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68
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Ijima, I.; Rice, K. C.; Silverton, J. V. 1977, 6, 1157-1165 (same process, but starting with the corresponding ethyl carbamate).
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(a) Ijima, I.; Rice, K. C.; Silverton, J. V. 1977, 6, 1157-1165 (same process, but starting with the corresponding ethyl carbamate).
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